Reimagining the Ancient World

[Felecia]

Evidence of Ancient Cuban Civilization
08-Jun-2003

Paranormalnews.com has translated a story from the Juventud Rebelde newspaper in Cuba about ancient stone tools that have been unearthed there. They could be relicts from the culture that built the pyramids that are now sunken off the coast of Cuba.
A group of amateur archeologists found stone tools that are exceptionally large and include large axes, cutting tools, arrow heads and enormous spears. Cuban scientists think they date from the Paleolithic age of the first human populations. Previously, based on earlier archeological finds, Cuba was thought to have first been inhabited 10,000 years ago.

Researcher Ramiro Ramírez García says they were made by a culture that hasn't been studied in Cuba before, "from a time period I wouldn't dare to calculate, since it would tear down established theories and hypotheses not only about the occupation of Cuba, but of the Americas."

Another archeological site has also been found, containing 2,000-year-old human burials, with red-tinted skulls that indicate a belief in magic and religion. Experience shows us that it's wise never to underestimate the achievements of our ancient ancestors. Translation (C) 2003 by Scott Corrales, Institute of Hispanic Ufology (IHU), with special thanks to Virgilio Sanchez Ocejo, of the Miami UFO Center.

http://www.unknowncountry.com/news/?id=2785

[Felecia]

Maglemosian culture

Maglemosian (ca 7500 BC- ca 6000 BC) is the name given to a culture of the early Mesolithic period in Northern Europe. In Scandinavia, the culture is succeeded by the Kongemose culture.

The actual name came from an archeological site in Denmark, named Maglemose at Mullerup on western Zealand, where the first settlement was found in 1900. During the following century a long series of similar settlements were excavated from England to Poland and from Skåne in Sweden to northern France.

The Maglemosian people lived in forest and wetland environments using fishing and hunting tools made from wood, bone and flint microliths. It appears that they had domesticated the dog. Some may have lived settled lives but most were nomadic.

Huts made of bark have been preseved, and the tools were made of flintstone, bone and horn. A characteristic of the culture are the sharply edged microliths of flintstone which were used for spear heads and arrow heads. A notable feature is the fish spear.

Sea levels in northern Europe did not reach current levels until almost 6,000 B.C. by which time they had inundated some territories inhabited by Maglemosian people


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maglemosian

[Felecia]

Kongemose culture

The Kongemose culture (ca 6000 BC– ca 5200 BC) was a mesolithic hunter-gatherer culture in southern Scandinavia, and the origin of the Ertebølle culture. It was preceded by the Maglemosian culture. In the north it bordered on the Scandinavian Nøstvet and Lihult cultures.

The Kongemose culture is named after a location in western Zealand and its typical form is known from Denmark and Skåne. The finds are characterised by long flintstone flakes which were used for making the characteristic rhombic arrowheads, scrapers, drills, awls and toothed blades.

Tiny microliths constituted the edges of bone daggers that were often decorated with geometric patterns. Stone axes were made of various stones, and other tools were made of horn and bone.

The main economy was based on hunting red deer, roe deer and wild boar, supplemented by fishing at the coastal settlements.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongemose_culture

[Felecia]

Ertebølle culture

The Ertebølle culture (ca 5200 BC-4000 BC) is the name of a South Scandinavian hunter-gatherer and fisher culture dating to the very end of the Mesolithic period. It is named after the type site, a small village on Limfjorden in Denmark. In the north, it bordered on the Scandinavian Nøstvet and Lihult cultures.

The Ertebølle culture evolved out of the Kongemose culture and it is divided into an early phase ca 5200 BC-ca 4500 BC, and a later phase ca 4500 BC-4000 BC. By 4000 BC, it evolved into the Funnelbeaker culture.

Economy
Ertebølle peoples lived primarily on seafood and their midden sites are found in coastal parts of Scandinavia. Later, they became pottery users, mostly due to influence from Neolithic farmers further south although their manufacturing styles were noticeably different. The late phase is very important for the study of the transition from a hunter-gatherer culture into a farming culture in Northern Europe.


flake axeThe many settlements on the coast and in the hinterland vary between large all-year-round settlements and smaller seasonal settlements.

The fishing was varied and highly developed: they caught eel, used fish traps, and hunted seals and porpoises from dugouts. On land, they hunted primarily red deer and wild boar.

Tools and art
Paddles from Tybrind Vig show traces of highly developed and artistic woodcarving. The flintstone industry evolved a high and unified standard with small and flake axes, long lithic flakes (knifes) and arrow heads.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erteb%C3%B8lle_culture

[Boreas]

Another Underwater City in India

For centuries, local fishermen on the coast of Mahabalipuram in India have believed that a great flood consumed a city over 10,000 years ago in a single day. This story was recorded n by British explorer J. Goldingham, who visited the area in 1798. The legend said there were six temples submerged beneath the water, with the seventh temple still standing on the shore. Now author Graham Hancock thinks he's found them.

“I have long regarded Mahabalipuram, because of its flood myths and fishermen’s sightings as a very likely place in which discoveries of underwater structures could be made, and I proposed that a diving expedition should be undertaken there,” says Hancock.

In April, he made a diving expedition to the area, working with the U.K. Scientific Exploration Society and India’s National Institute of Oceanography. The SES says, “A joint expedition of 25 divers from the Scientific Exploration Society and India’s National Institute of Oceanography led by Monty Halls and accompanied by Graham Hancock, have discovered an extensive area with a series of structures that clearly show man made attributes, at a depth of (16-23 feet) offshore of Mahabalipuram in Tamil Nadu. The scale of the submerged ruins, covering several square miles and at distances of up to a mile from shore, ranks this as a major marine-archaeological discovery as spectacular as the ruined cities submerged off Alexandria in Egypt.”

The NIO says, “A team of underwater archaeologists from National Institute of Oceanography NIO have successfully unearthed evidence of submerged structures off Mahabalipuram and established first-ever proof of the popular belief that the Shore temple of Mahabalipuram is the remnant of series of total seven of such temples built that have been submerged in succession. The discovery was made during a joint underwater exploration with the Scientific Exploration Society, U.K.”

These investigations reveal stone masonry, remains of walls, scattered square and rectangular stone blocks, and a large platform with steps leading up to it. Most of the structures are badly damaged and scattered in a vast area, with barnacles and mussels growing on them. There are two locations, and the construction design and area is about the same at each. One possible date for the ruins may be 1500- 1200 BC. The Pallava dynasty, which ruled the area during this time, constructed many similar temples.

Durham University geologist Glenn Milne thinks the underwater construction was built closer to 4,000 BC. He says, “…It is probably reasonable to assume that there has been very little vertical tectonic motion in this region during the past five thousand years or so. Therefore, the dominant process driving sea-level change will have been due to the melting of the Late Pleistocene ice sheets. Looking at predictions from a computer model of this process suggests that the area where the structures exist would have been submerged around six thousand years ago. Of course, there is some uncertainty in the model predictions and so there is a flexibility of roughly plus or minus one thousand years is this date.”

Archeologists believe there was no culture in India 6,000 years ago capable of building anything that grand. Could such a culture have been lost during the Great Flood, which is legendary in many different cultures, all over the world. Hancock says, “I have argued for many years that the world’s flood myths deserve to be taken seriously, a view that most Western academics reject. But here in Mahabalipuram, we have proved the myths right and the academics wrong.

“Between 17,000 years ago and 7000 years ago, at the end of the last Ice Age, terrible things happened to the world our ancestors lived in,” Hancock says. “Great ice caps over northern Europe and north America melted down, huge floods ripped across the earth, sea-level rose by more than (325 feet), and about (15 million square miles) of formerly habitable lands were swallowed up by the waves.”

Hancock says, “Of course the real discoverers of this amazing and very extensive submerged site are the local fishermen of Mahabalipuram. My role was simply to take what they had to say seriously and to take the town’s powerful and distinctive flood myths seriously.”


500 underwater structures world-wide, says military expert




“Marine archaeology has been possible as a scholarly discipline for about 50 years — since the introduction of scuba. In that time, according to Nick Flemming, the doyen of British marine archaeology, only 500 submerged sites have been found worldwide containing the remains of any form of man-made structure or of lithic artifacts. Of these sites only 100 — that’s 100 in the whole world! — are more than 3000 years old.”


Underwater bridge

Besides deep diving explorations, ancient submerged structures have also been discovered from space. Space NASA satellite images have revealed a mysterious ancient bridge in the Palk Strait between India and Sri Lanka. The bridge has been named Adam’s Bridge and was created from a chain of shoals, about 18 miles long. It’s unique curvature reveals that it’s manmade.

Archeological studies reveal that the first human inhabitants of Sri Lanka came to the island around 1,750,000 years ago and the bridge is about the same age. This is in line with a legend called Ramayana, which dates from more than 1,700,000 years ago. In this epic, a bridge was built between Rameshwaram (India) and the coast of Sri Lanka under the supervision of the god-like Rama.

Learn more;

http://india.krishna.org/Articles/2002/10/006.html
http://www.unknowncountry.com/news/?id=2075

[HereForNow]

Ever see this?
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/04/070406-giant-crystals.html

[HereForNow]

In regaurds to finding underwater civilizations, it doesn't surprize me at all that there is so many.

Even less ancient civilizations like America are still no less dependant on water.
One thing I managed to learn on my own is the many of the old highways are still near a stream or river.

My theory on this is; Scouts would use these areas so that their horses could have drinking water.

[Akelius]

Neolithic burial site yields unique archaeological find
 
 
Budapest, April 23 (MTI) - Archaeologists exploring a Neolithic burial site in Tolna County, S Hungary, have discovered what may easily be the most exciting tomb ever unearthed in Europe, Professor Istvan Zalai-Gaal, who has been leading the diggings, reported on Monday.

    The tomb is seven thousand years old and was the burial chamber of a tribal chieftain. There is a heavy upright log in each corner, believed to have originally held an aboveground structure over the two-metre by two-metre tomb. Inside, said Zalai-Gaal, archaeologists found polished stone axes and other stone tools typical of the late Stone Age, as well as the largest stone knife ever to be recovered from that period. They also discovered a decorated bullhorn, a marble war club and an axe head that though stone, bears the shape of a Bronze Age weapon. Scientists believe the tribe was aware of metal tools but did not have the metal to make any, leading them to copy the form. Also discovered was a necklace made of hundreds of bronze beads, combined with shells from the Mediterranean, the latter obviously traded goods, said Zalai-Gaal. One had to be extraordinarily wealthy to have a necklace like this, he pointed out.

    Otherwise, some 14,000 square metres have been excavated on this site, probably the largest known Stone Age dig in Europe. Over one million artefacts have been uncovered, Zalai-Gaal added, saying that the exploration was ongoing, though the site was in the pathway of a motorway that was under construction. 


http://english.mti.hu/default.asp?menu=1&theme=2&cat=25&newsid=238796