THE RENAISSANCE

Footnotes

An earlier version of this paper was delivered at the 2004 History of Science Society meeting in Austin, Texas. Thanks to Robert Goulding, Lauren Kassell, Nicholas Popper, and Anthony Grafton for their comments at the HSS meeting.

1. Regiomontanus, "Oratio Iohannis de Monteregio, habita in Patavii in praelectione Alfragani," in Opera collectanea, ed. Felix Schmeidler (O. Zeller: Osnabrük, 1972), 43–53. Further citations of the Padua oration refer to this edition.

2. "Memorare possem in primis originem nostrarum artium, et apud quas gentes primum coli coeperint, quo pacto ex linguis peregrinis variis ad Latinos tandem pervenerint, qui in hisce disciplines apud maiores nostros claraverunt, et quibus nostra tempestate mortalibus palma tribuitur." Regiomontanus, Padua oration, 43.

3. See, for example, Paul Lawrence Rose, The Italian Renaissance of Mathematics: Studies on Humanists and Mathematicians from Petrarch to Galileo (Geneva: Droz, 1975); Helmuth Grössing, Humanistische Naturwissenschaft: zur Geschichte der Wiener mathematischen Schulen des 15. und 16. Jahrhunderts (Baden-Baden: V. Koerner, 1983); N.M. Swerdlow, "The Recovery of the Exact Science of Antiquity," Rome Reborn: The Vatican Library and Renaissance Culture, ed. Anthony Grafton (Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1993), 125–68; Jens Høyrup, "A New Art in Ancient Clothes: Itineraries Chosen Between Scholasticism and Baroque in Order to Make Algebra Appear Legitimate and their Impact on the Substance of the Discipline," Physis 35 (1998): 11–50.

4. Ernst Zinner, Regiomontanus: his Life and Work, tr. Ezra Brown (New York: North-Holland, 1990), 13–50.

5. Ibid., 51–55.

6. On the medieval history of the University of Vienna, see Rudolf Kink, Geschichte der kaiserlichen Universität zu Wien (Vienna: C. Gerold und Sohn, 1854), vols. 1–2; Joseph Ritter von Aschbach, Die Wiener Universität und ihre Gelehrten (Vienna: Verlag der k.k. Unversität, 1888), vols. 1–2; Alphons Lhotsky, Die Wiener Artistenfakultät, 1365–1497 (Vienna: Hermann Bohlaus, 1965); Paul Uiblein, Mittelalterliches Studium an der Wiener Artistenfakultät (Vienna: WUV-Universitätsverlag, 1995); Uiblien, Die Universität Wien im Mittelalter: Beitrage und Forschungen (Vienna: WUV-Universitätsverlag, 1999).

7. The curricular bonds between German universities and the University of Paris are further discussed in Astrik L. Gabriel, The Paris Studium: Robert of Sorbonne and his Legacy (Notre Dame: United States Subcommission for the History of Universities, 1992), 113–68.

8. On medieval mathematics in general, see Michael S. Mahoney, "Mathematics," in Science in the Middle Ages, ed. David Lindberg (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978), 145–78; A.P. Iushkevich, Geschichte der Mathematik im Mittelalter, trans. Viktor Ziegler (Leipzig: Teubner, 1964); on arithmetic, see, Jordanus de Nemore, De numeris datis, ed. and trans. Barnabas Hughes (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981); Ghislaine L'Huillier, Le Quadripartitum numerorum de Jean de Murs: Introduction et edition critique (Geneva: Droz, 1990); on geometry: H.L.L. Busard, The Latin Translation of the Arabic Version of Euclid's Elements Commonly Ascribed to Gerard of Cremona (Leiden: Brill, 1984); on astronomy: Lynn Thorndike, The Sphere of Sacrobosco and its Commentators (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1949); Francis S. Benjamin, Jr. and G.J. Toomer, Campanus of Novara and Medieval Planetary Theory (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1971); on optics: David C. Lindberg, Theories of Vision from al-Kindi to Kepler (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976).

9. Acta Facultatis Artium. Vol. 3. Universitätsarchiv, Vienna. Codex Ph. 8, 51r.

10. Lhotsky, Die Wiener Artistenfakultät, 139–41.