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Ancient Delphi

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Gwen Parker
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« Reply #15 on: May 15, 2008, 03:18:06 pm »



A lion seizes a giant, from the frieze of the Sifnian treasury,
 525 BC. Delphi Museum

 http://www.sikyon.com/Delphi/Monuments/delphi_eg09.html

 
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Gwen Parker
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« Reply #16 on: May 16, 2008, 03:12:05 pm »



The Oracle

 

In the early years, Pythia was a virgin young girl, but in later times the oracle ruled, that she ought to be more than fifty years old irreproachable woman . In the oracle's peak, they were three Pythias.
In the early period of the oracle, responses were given once a year, on the seventh day of the month Visio's (end of February and beginning of March), the birthday of Apollo, but later in the oracle's heyday, responses were given every month, on the seventh day, with the exception the three months in winter, where Apollo went to the Hyperboreans, where the light shines perpetually. During the absence of Apollo, it was arranged for god Dionysos to be worshiped and celebrated, by feastings on mount Parnassus and in the sanctuary.
In order for Pythia to give an answer, an exact procedure ought to be followed. Firstly, the theopropoi (Pythia and the priests), cleansed themselves from the Castalia spring, paid a fee (pelanos) and then sacrificed an animal, on the altar of Apollo. The animal ought to be young and perfect from any defect and before the sacrifice, they poured cold water on it and if the animal started trembling that was a sign  that the god was present and an answer would be given.
Pythia then proceeded to burn laurel and barley flower, in the place the immortal fire was and afterwards she descended to an underground adytum (andron), a place beneath the nave of the temple. The priests and the applicants stayed on the upper level to a room (oikos), where the applicant asked his questions in a loud voice.
The Pythia drunk water from the Kassotis spring and chewed laurel leaves and then sat on the sacred tripod, who was near the omphalos, inhaling from the near emanating gap. When she fell into a trance, she began speaking and the words were written and interpreted by the priests.
The answers given by the oracle were either cryptic or ambiguous. They were signs of the god.




© 2001 Ellen Papakyriakou/Anagnostou. All rights reserved.

http://www.sikyon.com/Delphi/oracle_eg.html
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Gwen Parker
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« Reply #17 on: May 16, 2008, 03:13:02 pm »



Cylix showing Apollo with a crown on his head, playing his
 lyre and offering a libation, 470 BC. Delphi Museum
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Gwen Parker
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« Reply #18 on: May 16, 2008, 03:13:35 pm »



Lekythos showing Nike offering
a libation in the altar, middle of
5th century BC. Delphi Museum
 
 
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Gwen Parker
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« Reply #19 on: May 16, 2008, 03:14:10 pm »



Oenomaus consults the oracle with the "Omphalos"
standing in front of the Pythia.


 
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Gwen Parker
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« Reply #20 on: May 16, 2008, 03:14:57 pm »




Remains of the altar at Delphi, where offerings from
the people where hanging up by the priestesses.
Delphi Museum

http://www.sikyon.com/Delphi/Art/delphi_eg01b.html
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« Reply #21 on: June 04, 2008, 03:25:02 pm »



Gold plates with exotic animals and beautiful
 decoration, 6th century BC. Delphi Museum
 
 
http://www.sikyon.com/Delphi/Art/delphi_eg01c.html
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« Reply #22 on: June 04, 2008, 03:26:11 pm »




The Charioteer (Heniochos).
The bronze statue was found at Delphi and originally belonged to a larger group, which represented a chariot with four horses from which only small fragments survived. Its height is 1.8m and is made up from six separate cast parts.
It was dedicated to Apollo by Polyzalos, the tyrant of Gela, in 478 BC, after he won the chariot-race at the Pythian Games.

Archaeological Museum Delphi
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Gwen Parker
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« Reply #23 on: June 04, 2008, 03:26:53 pm »



The Group of four horses with the Charioteer (reconstruction).
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« Reply #24 on: June 04, 2008, 03:27:53 pm »



The Charioteer (Heniochos), a closer look.
478 BC

http://www.sikyon.com/Delphi/Art/delphi_eg03.html
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Gwen Parker
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« Reply #25 on: June 04, 2008, 03:29:23 pm »



Kleobis and Biton, 580 BC, signed by the Argive sculptor
 [Poly]medes and dedicated by the Argive people to Delphi.
When the mother of Kleobis and Biton, Cydippe, a priestess
had to be conveyed hastily to the temple of Hera in Argos,
during a festival, Kleobis and Biton were forced to draw the wagon
by themselves, because the oxen had not come back from the fields.
Running 45 stadia (5 miles) and arriving in time, they were praised
 and congratulated by the Argians, who witnessed the feat. Their
mother overjoyed, prayed to the goddess Hera to give them whatever
 is best to man. After the feast the youths lay down in the temple
 of Hera, slept and never woke. 

http://www.sikyon.com/Delphi/Art/delphi_eg04.html
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« Reply #26 on: June 04, 2008, 03:31:10 pm »




Chryselephantine heads. Delphi Museum


http://www.sikyon.com/Delphi/Art/delphi_eg05.html
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« Reply #27 on: June 04, 2008, 03:31:46 pm »

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