Atlantis Online
March 29, 2024, 03:08:11 am
Welcome, Guest. Please login or register.

Login with username, password and session length
News: Satellite images 'show Atlantis'
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/3766863.stm
 
  Home Help Arcade Gallery Links Staff List Calendar Login Register  

HISTORY OF WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE IN THE U.S.

Pages: 1 2 3 [4] 5 6 7   Go Down
  Print  
Author Topic: HISTORY OF WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE IN THE U.S.  (Read 7391 times)
0 Members and 39 Guests are viewing this topic.
Bianca
Superhero Member
******
Posts: 41646



« Reply #45 on: May 12, 2008, 08:32:40 pm »



BELLEFONTE, PENNSYLVANIA
« Last Edit: May 12, 2008, 08:34:20 pm by Bianca » Report Spam   Logged

Your mind understands what you have been taught; your heart what is true.
Bianca
Superhero Member
******
Posts: 41646



« Reply #46 on: May 12, 2008, 08:36:34 pm »


















                                        WOMAN’S HEALTH PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION FOUNTAIN





Riverside Park


Located along Riverside Drive at 116th Street, this marble stele and drinking fountain was designed to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the Woman’s Health Protective Association (WHPA) of New York City in 1909.

Bruno Louis Zimm (1876–1943), who also created the Slocum Memorial Fountain in Manhattan’s Tompkins Square Park, received the commission to sculpt this monument. Dedicated in 1910, the stele depicts two female figures holding a lamp. These forms were representative of the Association’s commitment to shedding light on the public health issues facing women. The names of its members are inscribed along the benches to the right and left of the stele.

Members of the WHPA were usually part of the city’s elite, and Charlotte Wilbour, one of the names inscribed along the Riverside Park benches, helped to found the first New York City Woman Suffrage Association in 1870. This more radical branch of the movement (in comparison with the relatively conservative chapter in Boston) lobbied against the passage of the 15th amendment, which proposed to give suffrage to African-American men. Leaders Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton opposed the male focus of the bill and suggested a new, 16th amendment in its place, one that would offer “universal suffrage” to all races, genders, and religions.

The dream of the founding suffragettes finally actualized on August 16, 1920, eleven years after this fountain was commissioned. With the vote in hand, the National Woman Suffrage Association disbanded, but its surviving members went on to become the core of the League of Women Voters and to continue the focus on women’s health issues in New York City.



Thursday, Nov 01, 2001
« Last Edit: May 12, 2008, 08:39:57 pm by Bianca » Report Spam   Logged

Your mind understands what you have been taught; your heart what is true.
Bianca
Superhero Member
******
Posts: 41646



« Reply #47 on: May 12, 2008, 08:51:31 pm »



NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE







                                 Nashville now and then: Pointed parliamentary procedure





Tennessee's ratification of women's suffrage: the rest of the story... Also, longhorns on the loose in downtown Nashville.


08-24-2007 

This week in 1920, many of America's 22 million women were hailing Tennessee as "the perfect 36," as
a vote by its General Assembly on August 18th of that year appeared to have ratified the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. A seven-decade national struggle to gain the right for women to vote seemed to have ended in the State Capitol in Nashville.

But 36 State House members, regarding Tennessee's situation as far from perfect, banded together in a last-ditch attempt to maintain the status quo in their state and in the country as a whole.

Tennessee schoolchildren now learn — from excellent resources like Tennessee History for Kids, among other means — that a young McMinn County legislator named Harry T. Burn (D-Niota) cast the deciding vote in favor of the amendment after receiving a letter from his mother urging him to support women's suffrage. What most histories don't mention, however, is the drama that ensued after that vote.

On Saturday morning, August 21, the 36 die-hard anti-suffragists had beat a retreat to Decatur, Ala., out of reach of the sergeant-at-arms, in an effort to make a quorum impossible in the legislature and thus prevent the defeat of a motion to reconsider ratification. Supporters of the women's vote decided they didn't really need a quorum and defeated the motion. The "antis," as they were known, then obtained a temporary injunction to keep the governor from forwarding the ratification document to Washington.

On the night of Monday, August 23, the state's attorney general went to the home of Tennessee Supreme Court Chief Justice D. L. Lansden. At the AG's request, and without seeking out the antis to hear their side of the case, Lansden set aside the lower court's injunction. Bright and early Tuesday morning, Governor Albert Roberts signed the ratification and sent it off to Washington.

"Announcement early today that Justice Lansden had issued the writ, followed an hour later by the statement that the Governor had mailed the certification, was a bombshell in the camp of the anti-suffrage forces and an agreeable surprise to the suffragists," The New York Times reported on August 24. "There had been no intimation that such a course was planned, and a small circle of the suffrage leaders had kept the secret well."

Fuming at the "high-handed tactics and unprecedented methods" to which the governor and chief justice had resorted, opponents of the amendment trooped back from Alabama amid vows of further legal action. The way the act was spirited off to the nation's capital, they said in a statement, was "at least, if not revolutionary in character, in such violation of established law and procedure as to seem almost incredible."

In Washington, where the amendment had the support of President Woodrow Wilson, no procedural qualms would hold it up further. On August 26, 1920, after receiving Tennessee's documentation, U.S. Secretary of State Bainbridge Colby signed off on the certification of the Nineteenth Amendment, making it the law of the land. All subsequent legal challenges would fail.


http://www.nashvillepost.com/news/2007/8/24/nashville_now_and_then_24aug07
« Last Edit: May 12, 2008, 08:59:07 pm by Bianca » Report Spam   Logged

Your mind understands what you have been taught; your heart what is true.
Bianca
Superhero Member
******
Posts: 41646



« Reply #48 on: May 12, 2008, 09:01:46 pm »



Lechenaultia 'Spirit of Suffrage'


                                                                 
                                                                   



Victoria Woodhall
for President
1907



« Last Edit: July 16, 2009, 08:38:10 am by Bianca » Report Spam   Logged

Your mind understands what you have been taught; your heart what is true.
Jennifer O'Dell
Superhero Member
******
Posts: 4546



« Reply #49 on: May 12, 2008, 10:42:20 pm »

Great work, Bianca.  They ought to teach more about the Women's Sufrrage Movement in schools.  Lots of stuff about Civil Rights. Nothing about the struggle for the Women's Movement, it has to be by design to undercut it's importance.

Report Spam   Logged
Damascus
Superhero Member
******
Posts: 2165



« Reply #50 on: May 12, 2008, 10:56:22 pm »

Women should have always had the right to vote.  Then, the American electorate as a whole has always been screwed, to one extent or another.  We only began voting for our own Senators as late as 1913 (up until then it was party bosses that selected them), and, of course, Jim Crow laws disenfranchised black voters for over a hundred years.

Even still, the electoral college and the Suprene Court still screw people out of their democratic decisions.
Report Spam   Logged
Heather Delaria
Superhero Member
******
Posts: 4672



« Reply #51 on: May 12, 2008, 11:56:28 pm »

Throughout the ages, men have always been threatened by the concept of empowered, powerful women.  I think it will be the last of all the old prejudices to fall, they tend to be threatened by us because they know they can never fully understand us.

Bright Blessings!

Heather
Report Spam   Logged

"An it harm none, do what ye will."
-the Wiccan Rede
Bianca
Superhero Member
******
Posts: 41646



« Reply #52 on: May 13, 2008, 09:59:01 am »



AMENDMENT XIX

in the National Archives






"THE RIGHT OF CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES TO VOTE SHALL NOT BE DENIED OR ABRIDGED


BY THE UNITED STATES OR BY ANYSTATE ON ACCOUNT OF SEX.


CONGRESS SHALL HAVE POWER TO ENFORCE THIS ARTICLE BY APPROPRIATE LEGISLATION."
« Last Edit: November 20, 2008, 11:54:01 am by Bianca » Report Spam   Logged

Your mind understands what you have been taught; your heart what is true.
Bianca
Superhero Member
******
Posts: 41646



« Reply #53 on: May 13, 2008, 10:06:43 am »









The Nineteenth Amendment was specifically intended to extend suffrage to women.
It was proposed on June 4, 1919 and ratified on August 18, 1920.

The Nineteenth Amendment was the culmination of the work of many activists in favor of women's suffrage. One such group called the Silent Sentinels protested in front of the White House for 18 months starting in 1917 to raise awareness of the issue.

On January 9, 1918, President Woodrow Wilson announced his support of the amendment. The next day, the House of Representatives narrowly passed the amendment but the Senate refused to even debate it until October. When the Senate voted on the amendment in October, it failed by three votes.

In response, the National Woman's Party urged citizens to vote against anti-suffrage senators up for election in the fall of 1918. After the 1918 election, most members of Congress were pro-suffrage. On May 21, 1919, the House of Representatives passed the amendment by a vote of 304 to 89, and 2 weeks later on June 4, the Senate finally followed, where the amendment passed by a vote of 56 to 25.

It was ratified on August 18, 1920, upon its ratification by Tennessee, the thirty-sixth state to do so. Secretary of State Bainbridge Colby certified the ratification on August 26, 1920.

On February 27, 1922, a challenge to the Nineteenth Amendment was rebuffed by the Supreme Court of the United States in Leser v. Garnett.
Report Spam   Logged

Your mind understands what you have been taught; your heart what is true.
Bianca
Superhero Member
******
Posts: 41646



« Reply #54 on: May 13, 2008, 10:14:17 am »









                                     P R O P O S A L   A N D   R A T I F I C A T I O N






The Congress proposed the Nineteenth Amendment on June 4, 1919.


The following states ratified the amendment:




Illinois (June 10, 1919, reaffirmed on June 17, 1919)

Michigan (June 10, 1919)

Wisconsin (June 10, 1919)

Kansas (June 16, 1919)

New York (June 16, 1919)
 
Ohio (June 16, 1919)

Pennsylvania (June 24, 1919)
 
Massachusetts (June 25, 1919)

Texas (June 28, 1919)

Iowa (July 2, 1919)

Missouri (July 3, 1919)

Arkansas (July 28, 1919)
 
Montana (August 2, 1919)

Nebraska (August 2, 1919)
 
Minnesota (September 8, 1919)
 
New Hampshire (September 10, 1919)
 
Utah (October 2, 1919)

California (November 1, 1919)
 
Maine (November 5, 1919)

North Dakota (December 1, 1919)

South Dakota (December 4, 1919)
 
Colorado (December 15, 1919)

Kentucky (January 6, 1920)

Rhode Island (January 6, 1920)

Oregon (January 13, 1920)

Indiana (January 16, 1920)

Wyoming (January 27, 1920)

Nevada (February 7, 1920)

New Jersey (February 9, 1920)
 
Idaho (February 11, 1920)

Arizona (February 12, 1920)

New Mexico (February 21, 1920)
 
Oklahoma (February 28, 1920)
 
West Virginia (March 10, 1920)
 
Washington (March 22, 1920)

Tennessee (August 18, 1920)





RATIFICATION WAS COMPLETED ON

August 18, 1920.







The amendment was subsequently ratified by the following states:




Connecticut (September 14, 1920, reaffirmed on September 21, 1920)

Vermont (February 8, 1921)

Delaware (March 6, 1923, after being rejected on June 2, 1920)

Maryland (March 29, 1941 after being rejected on February 24, 1920;
not certified until February 25, 1958)

Virginia (February 21, 1952, after being rejected on February 12, 1920)

Alabama (September 8, 1953, after being rejected on September 22, 1919)

Florida (May 13, 1969)

South Carolina (July 1, 1969, after being rejected on January 28, 1920;
not certified until August 22, 1973)
 
Georgia (February 20, 1970, after being rejected on July 24, 1919)

Louisiana (June 11, 1970, after being rejected on July 1, 1920)

North Carolina (May 6, 1971)

Mississippi (March 22, 1984, after being rejected on March 29, 1920)


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
« Last Edit: May 13, 2008, 10:16:23 am by Bianca » Report Spam   Logged

Your mind understands what you have been taught; your heart what is true.
Bianca
Superhero Member
******
Posts: 41646



« Reply #55 on: May 13, 2008, 10:22:54 am »










                                                W O M E N ' S   R I G H T S





The term women’s rights refers to the freedoms inherently possessed by women and girls of all ages, which may be institutionalized, ignored or suppressed by law, custom, and behavior in a particular society.

These liberties are grouped together and differentiated from broader notions of human rights because they often differ from the freedoms inherently possessed by or recognized for men and boys, and because activism surrounding this issue claims an inherent historical and traditional bias against the exercise of rights by women.

Issues commonly associated with notions of women's rights include, though are not limited to, the right:


to bodily integrity and autonomy;

to vote (universal suffrage);

to hold public office;

to work;

to fair wages or equal pay;

to own property;

to education;

to serve in the military;

to enter into legal contracts; and

to have marital, parental and religious rights.




Women and their supporters have campaigned and in some places continue to campaigned for the same rights as modern men.
Report Spam   Logged

Your mind understands what you have been taught; your heart what is true.
Bianca
Superhero Member
******
Posts: 41646



« Reply #56 on: May 13, 2008, 10:30:36 am »










Until the mid-nineteenth century, writers assumed that a patriarchal order was a natural order that
had existed, as John Stuart Mill wrote, since


                                     "the very earliest twilight of human society".


This was not seriously challenged until the eighteenth century when Jesuit missionaries found matrilineality in native North American peoples.





In the Middle Ages, an early effort to improve the status of women occurred during the early reforms under Islam, when women were given greater rights in marriage, divorce and inheritance.

Women were not accorded with such legal status in other cultures, including the West, until centuries later.

The Oxford Dictionary of Islam states that the general improvement of the status of Arab women included prohibition of female infanticide and recognizing women's full personhood.



"The dowry, previously regarded as a bride-price paid to the father, became a nuptial gift retained

by the wife as part of her personal property."



Under Islamic law, marriage was no longer viewed as a "status" but rather as a "contract", in which
the woman's consent was imperative.



"Women were given inheritance rights in a patriarchal society that had previously restricted

inheritance to male relatives."





Annemarie Schimmel states that



"compared to the pre-Islamic position of women, Islamic legislation meant an enormous progress;

the woman has the right, at least according to the letter of the law, to administer the wealth she

has brought into the family or has earned by her own work."



Some have claimed that women generally had more legal rights under Islamic law than they did
under Western legal systems until more recent times.








English Common Law transferred property held by a wife at the time of a marriage to her husband, which contrasted with the Sura:


 "Unto men (of the family) belongs a share of that which Parents and near kindred leave, and unto

women a share of that which parents and near kindred leave, whether it be a little or much - a

determinate share" (Quran 4:7), albeit maintaining that husbands were solely responsible for the

maintenance and leadership of his wife and family.


"French married women, unlike their Muslim

sisters, suffered from restrictions on their legal capacity which were removed only in 1965."



In the 16th century, the Reformation in Europe allowed more women to add their voices, including the English writers Jane Anger, Aemilia Lanyer, and the prophetess Anna Trapnell. However, it has been claimed that the Dissolution and resulting closure of convents had deprived many such women of one path to education.

Giving voice in the secular context became more difficult when deprived of the rationale and protection of divine inspiration. Queen Elizabeth I demonstrated leadership amongst women, even if she was unsupportive of their causes, and subsequently became a role model for the education of women.
Report Spam   Logged

Your mind understands what you have been taught; your heart what is true.
Bianca
Superhero Member
******
Posts: 41646



« Reply #57 on: May 13, 2008, 10:33:10 am »



First edition print of

VINDICATION OF THE RIGHTS OF WOMAN
« Last Edit: May 13, 2008, 10:36:39 am by Bianca » Report Spam   Logged

Your mind understands what you have been taught; your heart what is true.
Bianca
Superhero Member
******
Posts: 41646



« Reply #58 on: May 13, 2008, 10:35:17 am »






The Age of Enlightenment* was characterized by secular intellectual reasoning, and a flowering of philosophical writing.

The most important feminist writer of the time was Mary Wollstonecraft, often described as the first feminist philosopher. **

A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792).

Wollstonecraft argued that it was the education and upbringing of women that created limited expectations. Despite some inconsistencies (Brody refers to the "Two Wollestoncrafts" reflective of problems that had no
easy answers, this book remains a foundation stone of feminist thought.

In other parts of Europe, Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht was writing in Sweden, and what is thought to be the
first scientific society for women was founded in Middelburg, in the south of Holland in 1785.

This was the Natuurkundig Genootschap der Dames (Women's Society for Natural Knowledge). which met regularly until 1881, finally dissolving in 1887. However Deborah Crocker and Sethanne Howard point out that women have been scientists for 4,000 years. Journals for women which focused on science became popular during this period
as well.






Suffrage, the right to vote
 

The ideas that were planted in the late 1700s took root during the 1800s. Women began to agitate for the right
to vote and participate in government and law making.

The ideals of Women's suffrage developed alongside that of universal suffrage, and women's movements took lessons from those in other countries.



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_rights





SEE HERE FOR:



* AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT


http://atlantisonline.smfforfree2.com/index.php/topic,9560.msg81960.html




** F E M I N I S M:


http://atlantisonline.smfforfree2.com/index.php/topic,9561.0.html
« Last Edit: May 18, 2008, 04:07:13 pm by Bianca » Report Spam   Logged

Your mind understands what you have been taught; your heart what is true.
Bianca
Superhero Member
******
Posts: 41646



« Reply #59 on: May 13, 2008, 10:37:33 am »




INEZ BOISSEVAIN AT A 'NAWS' PARADE

WASHINGTON, D.C. - 1913
« Last Edit: May 13, 2008, 10:39:39 am by Bianca » Report Spam   Logged

Your mind understands what you have been taught; your heart what is true.
Pages: 1 2 3 [4] 5 6 7   Go Up
  Print  
 
Jump to:  

Powered by EzPortal
Bookmark this site! | Upgrade This Forum
SMF For Free - Create your own Forum
Powered by SMF | SMF © 2016, Simple Machines
Privacy Policy