the Guanches (Original)

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The Guanches are the most famous of the ancient people said to have a link to Atlantis, and there is considerably more evidence for them than anyone else, as we shall see.

First, this abstract:

Evidence for the Ancestors of the Guanches as Founders of Predynastic Egypt


1 March 2003
BY
JONAH G. LISSNER © Copyright 2002-3.

ABSTRACT:
EVIDENCE FOR THE ANCESTORS OF THE GUANCHES AS FOUNDERS OF PREDYNASTIC EGYPT

by J.G. Lissner
Copyright by J.G. Lissner 2002-3.

A theory has been proposed that the Guanches, Nordic Caucasians with similarity to, or descended from, neolithic Cro-Magnon stock, were influential in founding the first civilizations in the region of predynastic (lower) Egypt circa 6000 BP. The Guanches, those who dwelled in the Canary Isles, known as the Elysium, and the Garden of Hesperides by the classical Greeks, also known as the legendary Fortunate Isles or the Isles of Fortune by classical Europeans and Spaniards, were a mysterious people of antiquity, said to be submerged according to their own traditions, from the lands which first bore them, a few score miles off the western coast of what is now northwest Africa. A subtheory or subtheories contained within this paper shall argue that it be of no coincidence that the predynastic Egyptians also maintained this tradition of near-submergence and regeneration and migration from a far-off land (to their west - the Land of Amenti), in their own distant recorded times.

The scope of this paper will argue those theoretical postulations, including historical, linguistic, archaeological, anthropological, geological, religio-mythical and associated criteria and evidences as reasons for the proto-Guanche exploration eastward along the north African coastline from the sinking islands that once made up the sunken lands of the Northwest Atlantic near Europe and Africa were mainly from the stimuli of adverse climactic change. The recreation of their advanced societal knowledge in predynastic Egypt was for the purpose of their societal continuation and regeneration.

http://www.robertschoch.net/Guest_Articles/evidence_guanches.html
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Evidence for the Ancestors of the Guanches as the Founders of Predynastic Egypt
by J.G. Lissner
Copyright by J.G. Lissner 2002. All Rights Reserved.

Preface

The Guanches, Nordic Caucasians with similarity to, or descended from, Cro-Magnon stock who dwelled in the Canary Isles, known as the Elysium, and the Garden of Hesperides by the classical Greeks, also known as the legendary Fortunate Isles or the Isles of Fortune by classical Europeans, those who the Spaniards battled against, invaded and eventually subjugated to complete the first action of European colonial expansion outside of Europes shores - and to get good strategic trade ports for Western Hemisphere trade - were a mysterious people of antiquity, said to be submerged according to their own traditions, from the lands which first bore them, a few score miles off the western coast of what is now northwest Africa.

The scope of this paper will argue the reasons for the proto-Guanche exploration from the sinking islands that once made up the sunken lands of the Northwest Atlantic near Europe and Africa were mainly for reasons of adverse climactic change. The Canary Islands were the homeland of the proto-Guanches descended from a Cro-Magnon people who had migrated there from Northwest Africa some time in the remote past, who like Thoth, sailed from the isles of the West to found a new civilization in pre-dynastic Egypt at least 6000 years ago. This memory was also preserved in the later writings of Plato in his Timaeus and Critaeus of the [sic] Atlanteans sailing through the Pillars of Hercules to subjugate the lands around the Mediterranean under their Empire, though they were stopped by the apparent ancestors of the classical Greeks.

Anthropological and Lingustic Evidence

The distribution of various Cro-Magnon peoples now generally identified as such are mainly in western and northwestern Europe and northwest Africa. Scholars have traced the existence of the Iberian languages, including Iberian, Basque, Berber and the Northwest European languages generally called Celtic - as pre-Indo-European (the Indo-European invasions or series of settlements, colonizations and military invasions in a general sense from Eastern to Western Europe dating from circa 2500 BCE, as actually pre-Celtic and Pre-Indo-European (PRIE), the language group and root from whence Breton, Cymric, and other British Celtic languages evolved; as evidence of the direct lineage of these ancient PRIE languages from their Cro-Magnon ancestors.

R. Cedric Leonard in Quest for Atlantis, (Manor Books, Inc. New York, 1979) cites that evidence is based upon the strict, unchanging nature of Berber languages over 2,000 years and the lack of evidence of an intermediary language family form the hypothetical Cro-Magnon languages and the PRIE languages that scholars have evidence of antedating the Indo-European additions (see Prof. Johannes Friedrich (1957), a leading linguist of the Free University of Berlin, says that the Berber language has not changed at all in the last two thousand years. [Friedrich, Johannes, "Extinct Languages," (translated from German by Frank Gaynor) Philosophical Library, New York, 1957.] If this conservatism in Berber is so pronounced, then it is possible and probable that the history of the remainder of the Guanche language is also cut from the same linguistic cloth of tradition.

In Writing Berber Languages, Lameen Souag indicates the links between the ancient Berber language and Guanche are notable in these writing scripts of Old Libyan groups:

Sometime in the fifth century BC or so (the earliest attested dated inscription was from 138 BC, but the letter forms appear to have developed independently for some time and to have developed from early Phoenician rather than the cursive Punic then current), the Numidians and other early Berber kingdoms developed a script now known as Numidic or Old Libyan. [Writing Berber Languages, by L. Souag, http://www.geocities.com/lameens/tifinagh/]

Souag goes on to state that archaeological evidences of these scripts are found across North Africa to the Canaries:

It is attested from innumerable tombstones and a couple of Numidian governmental inscriptions (most famously a bilingual one at Dougga), from the Canary Islands all the way to Libya, although the letter forms varied to some extent across this vast range, falling into two main groups, eastern and western. This script continued in occasional use up to the late Roman Empire, after which it is not attested anywhere north of the Atlas Mountains. [ibid]

It is probable that trade and movement of peoples prompted the inscriptions of the language across the area, pre-dating the rise of the Roman hegemony in the Mediterranean to the heights of the Cartaginian Empire. It is possible at that time the relations between he Guanches and the peoples of northwest Africa, their linguistic and probable ethnic cousins were at a peak, for by the time of the Spanish invasions of the Canaries the Guanche had apparently forgotten how to read their script and construct naval vessels that they likely sailed in and used over two millennia before.

In A History of Iberian Civilization, Portuguese historian Oliveira Martins hypothesized that the descendants of the hypothetical Cro-Magnon people in the Northwest of Euro-Africa call themselves by names with the suffix tani, such as Lusitani, Aquitani, Mauritani, (A History of Iberian Civilization, Oxford University Press) and one might add Pretanni as the original; or earliest cited name of the inhabitants of the modern-day British Isles. Other scholars, including the pioneering work of the linguist Renan [Renan, Ernest, De l'Origine du Language, Paris, 1858; La Societe' Berbere, Paris, 1873], cite evidence for the PRIE languages which they indicate is at least of the neolithic era and may date backward even further to the paleolithic era of the lithic-dating system of modern archaeology.

Scholars such as Michael Harrison [Harrison, Michael, "The Roots of Witchcraft," Citadel Press, Secaucas, N.J., 1974.] have indicated from their research that the descendants of the Cro-Magnons are represented today by the genetic remnants of the berber and Tuareg peoples of Northwest Africa, the Guanches of the 16th century Canary Islands, the Basques of Northern Spain, French living in the Dordogne Valley, Isle dOleron and Brittany in France, in the general vicinity of the river valleys of the remoter parts of modern northwestern Europe of the past century. Harrison is of the school that believes the PRIE languages including Basque originated in North Africa:

Indeed that Basque should have many words in common with the member of all
the North African group of languages is not surprising, since modern opinion ever
more inclines to credit the Basque with a North African origin . . . (Harrison, 1974)

The anthropologist von Luschan verified the similarities between the craniums of the Guanche and the Cro-Magnons in 1896:

Some twenty years previously Verneau42 had remarked upon the resemblance between Guanche crania from the Canary Islands and these Crô-Magnon skulls, and had postulated a genetic relationship between the two peoples so separated in space and in time. In 1896 von Luschan and Meyer43 reaffirmed this relationship, and this endorsement prepared the way for a more accurate realization of the part played by survivors from the last glacial period in the modern peopling of Europe. [Racial Classification within the White Family, Chapter 8, Sect. 6, ]

Generally dolichocephalic, fair-featured with blond or red-hair, with males over six foot tall and women approaching six feet in height, they were a people of tall, strong and comely appearance, resembling many Northern Europeans today but for a generally greater and more robust stature. Their general appearance and racial characteristic were valued by the Spanish:

"All historians agree in reporting that the Canarians were beautiful. They were tall, well built and of singular proportion. They were also robust and courageous with high mental capacity. Women were very beautiful and Spanish Gentlemen often used to take their wives among the population. The belief that the ancient Canarians were a people favored by great duration of life became popular at the time of the Spanish Conquest ."(Webmaster note a 'Fountain of Youth' and one of the reasons in reports led to Columbus to look beyond the Canary Islands for it.) [The Early Inhabitants of the Canary Islands, By Alf Bajocco, 1965 Part IV cont. http://geocities.com/MotorCity/Factory/2583/Canary4.htm, D. Clarke webmaster]

Their civilization once featured sea-faring, mummifying their dead, dog-taming for hunting and war, thus the Spanish word for the islands, Isle of the Dogs, or Canaries, after the Latin Canis, sing, meaning Dog.

http://www.robertschoch.net/Guest_Articles/evidence_guanches.html

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Much closer, Euope...
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Posts: 1330 | From: Norway | Registered: Apr 2005   
 

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We will get there Boreasi..!

The Canary Islands and their Indigenous Hounds

Dog-taming was a cultural feature of the early European Cro-Magnons and related archaic Caucasian peoples; according to the source, Dog Domestication and History,:

Dogs were first domesticated approximately 12,000 years ago during the last Ice Age. Earliest canine fossil remains were discovered in Iraq and Jordan. Oldest European evidence of dogs was discovered in Yorkshire, England. Those remains were determined to be approximately 9,000 years old. Bones of early dogs have been found in Europe and Asia in archeological digs of human sites.some people speculate that dogs were originally kept as sources of food or that perhaps, in the course of day to day hunting and scavenging, a cooperative relationship developed between primitive dog and man. [http://loudoun.nv.cc.va.us/vetonline/vet116/Dogs/dogdomest.htm]

And Professor I. Lehr Brisbin, Jr. cites the following data about the genesis of dog-taming:

"....Breeds of dogs can not be distinguished from each other by any known anatomical attribute or even biochemical genetic test, including DNA fingerprinting. Since a given breed of dog can not be defined by any scientific means currently known, our contention is that it is not possible to write any ordinance or law that would single them out for special treatment since they cannot be so defined in a legal sense. "Recently I attended a canine genetics workshop at Texas A & M University in which it was further emphasized that there is no biochemical genetic test that can even distinguish wolves from domestic dogs. "....I would taxonomically identify all wolves, wolf hybrids and domestic dogs as the species Canis lupus. Technically, the domestic dog and wolf hybrids should be designated as the sub-species "domesticus". [I. Lehr Brisbin, Jr., Research Professor, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, The University of Georgia. Letter, 30, Jan. 1990]

Though the tradition of dog-taming for hunter-gatherer and perhaps more advanced cultures may date to even earlier periods than the currently accepted dates, the similarity between the Guanche and pre-dynastic Egyptian cultures in using hunting dogs is noteworthy in conjunction with the other facts which shall be brought to this cope of this paper. The antiquity of dog-taming by neolithic humans cannot be denied and it is upon the Guanche-inhabited Canary Islands that the practice continued at least until the Spanish invasions of the 1500s CE.

Egypt scholar Michael Rice indicates that the importance of animals and pets to the Ancient Egyptians, alike the proto-Guanches, transcended the mundane necessities of life such as hunting and became ritually important in their mythology:

After the emergence of the fetishes, the next phase of Egyptian god-making turned to invest certain animal forms with the prerogatives of divinity. The slate palettes which are amongst the earliest graphic representations to survive provide much evidence of this practice: scorpions, lions, bulls, the ubiquitous falcon, the ibex, gazelle, hounds are all shown as personifications of the gods, assisting the King in putting down his enemies or in conducting the rituals of the state. Men needed the power of animals; even the early Kings, in the later Predynastic period and the First Dynasty, called themselves by animal names: Scorpion, Catfish, Fighting Hawk, Serpent are four of the best known." [Egypts Making The Origins of Ancient Egypt 5000-2000 B.C., by Michael Rice, copyright 1990.]

Pharaohs such as the marginally important Tut-ankh-amen were often depicted in hunting scenes with their dogs chasing game although it is not currently known how the commoners used hounds, or if they saw them as nuisances, such as the wild dogs and jackals of the countryside, to be put away.

It is known that the proto-Guanches used dogs in hunting and the kings probably used them as well, for the breed was on the islands invaded by the Spanish and could not have crossed the seventy miles of ocean from northwest Africa without the aid of human beings; how long the breed had been on the Canaries is a matter of conjecture but as there has never been any evidence of Roman occupation or exploration of the Canaries, dating from at least the time of the Cartaginians, circa 200 BCE, if not with the expeditions between the Canaries and Berber northwest Africa circa 1000 BCE or earlier.

If it was well-known in the classical world how to circumnavigate large islands and travel between widely-placed cities within continents, why would the ancients, given ample economic or political reasons, or indeed in catastrophe, not have traveled further afield? David Eccott illuminates interesting new archaeological evidence to support to the ancient naval movements of northwest african Berbers:

They were able seafarers who explored the Atlantic Ocean as early as the first millennium BC and, as the Lixitae of classical tradition, acted as pilots, translators and perhaps even crews for Carthaginian sea-captains. Moreover, they are accepted to have been synonymous with the Guanches of the Canary Islands, who also utilised Egyptian religious symbolism a case made recently on British television by Egyptologist and mummy expert Joanne Fletcher. [David Eccott, http://www.andrewcollins.net/page/mysteries/deccott.htm]

Eccott also cites interesting information about the knowledge of the Roman geographers of the later classical era:

For instance, we have the evidence of the Roman wrecks laying uninvestigated off the coasts of Brazil and Honduras (and possibly even another in a river which forms the border between Costa Rica and Nicaragua). Furthermore, Statius Sebosus, the Roman geographer of c. 100 BC, tells us that it was forty days sail from the Gorgades (the Cape Verdes) and the Hesperides (the Islands of the Ladies of the West, unquestionably the Caribbean see GATEWAY TO ATLANTIS). [Ibid]

There is a breed of dog, the Spanish Galgo, said to be descended from the hunting dogs of ancient Egypt and resembling the greyhound; this theory is explained by the writer:

We can be quite sure that the Spanish Hound is a descendant of the Vertades Romano, which reached Spain with the Romans. This roman race, itself a descendant of the Egyptians Hound resembles the pharaonic race. The only noticeable difference is the position of the ears as the egyptian dogs have erect ears and the Spanish Hound has rose-shaped ears.

Another theory is that the celts brought the Greyhound to the peninsula, when they settled in Gaul and thus the reason for its name in latin "canis gallicus". There
There is no doubt that the Spanish Hound is a descendant of the ancient pharaonic dogs. There is also another, more illogical, theory which says that it is a descendant of the Sloughi, and arrived in Spain with the arabs in the ninth century.

The latest investigations point to the fact there were two branches of similar dogs from different points (the Romans and the Celts) and the successive crossbreeding through the years could explain the differences that exist between the Ibizan Hound and the Spanish Hound. [De Vil Kennel, http://www.sendanet.es/sastre/DeVilKennel/history.html, 2002]

Regardless of the dates of the arrival of the hounds of the Canaries, there is currently no evidence to prove that the dogs of the Canaries were in fact indigenous to the islands before the submersion of what became the land shelves beneath that island archipelago, and that therefore they had to be brought either by the proto-Guanches or some earlier indigenous population or populations. Recent evidence from archaeological digs has indicated a human presence from at least 6,000 years ago, far back-dating the presence of human inhabitation on those islands.

It is interesting to note that Plato recorded the Kings of Atlantis as wearing the skins of dolphins and that they figured into their mythology as kings of the sea, such as Poseidon. The Canaries also have a population of sea mammals including:

There are also sea mammals: dolphins (Delphinus delphus and Tursiops truncatus) and whales (Physeter macrocephalus and Globicephala macrorhynchus) and something called in Spanish Zifo comun (Ziphius cavirostris). [Fauna de las Islas Canarias by Jose Manuel Moreno, Ediciones Turquesa, 1992]

These mammals, like the hounds of the land, have a reputation for being friendly to man and especially to sea-farers.

http://www.robertschoch.net/Guest_Articles/evidence_guanches.html
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Posts: 424 | From: Illinois | Registered: Jul 2005 
 

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Artifacts of Guanche Worship and Comparison to Ancient Egyptian Analogues

Pyramid building, mummification, and myths and religion of the Guanches were similar to that of the ancient Egyptians of the Pre-Dynastic and early Old Kingdom periods.

It is said that the Guanches by the time of the Spanish crowns invasion in the 1500s CE, had forgotten their ancient scripts, apparently resembling the Phonecian alphabet, although it is unknown if it was their original script, a similar alphabetical transferrence at some remoter time in their past, or a script similar to but not identical in phonology, syntactical or literal meaning to the proto-Phonecian, Phonecian, Cartaginian, Libyan or related North African semitic alphabet with Hamitic, probably with spoken neolithic Basque or its similarities to the indigenous Berber language.

It is known that their language closely resembles both Basque (Euskadi) and spoken Berber (the Tifinagh language), indicating an ancient or classical lingual and perhaps cultural or ethnic linkage between the three groups, though the Canary Islands have ben inhabited for longer period of time than the initial theoretical Guanche colonization of North Africa over 3000 BP - or the Berber colonization of the Canaries, though there would have been indigenous peoples in the archipelago antedating the Berbers of 1000 BC, due to recent archaeological discoveries in the Canaries that will be cited later in the scope of this paper.

Historical Overview of the Guanches

Some scholars speculate that the Guanches were remnants of a pre-cataclysmic oceanic population in the Atlantic based in the Canaries which became water-logged through natural geological upheaval and eventual devastation; Charles Berlitz thought that they could have been survivors of that cataclysms who came by boat from remoter areas. Others have speculated a Cro-Magnon connection which would have necessitated the construction of naval vessels for the settling of these islands a hundred miles from the African and a few hundred from the European shores. However it should be pointed out that the islands were closer to the African and European coasts due to expansion of total island size due to lower oceanic levels at the time of the late Cro-Magnon or Azilian period in particular and may have been easier to colonize or migrate from during those geological periods.

There is interesting evidence in linguistic history which indicates the Cro-Magnon and Azilian connection between the European continent and the Canaries:

The antiquity of some of the words (in some cases) are pre-4,000 B.C. in its use or beginnings and which can make scholars conclude from this no doubt 6,000 B.C. with this date at least that the beginning of Canary Island inhabitants migration and possibly older as being very plausible. For Guanche is actually older by name then Ben. Ben is well known at least 3,400 B.C. in Egyptian description, or language. We know there was a great migration of Azilians a Cro-Magnon descendant at around 10,000-8,000 B.C. which ironically the word 'Azil' was a Canary word? Could they be the one and the same? [The Early Inhabitants of the Canary Islands, By Alf Bajocco, 1965 Part II cont. http://geocities.com/MotorCity/Factory/2583/Canary2.htm]
Some scholars have speculated that the Guanches were remnants of a Vandalic slave population from the Roman period, taken to the Canary Islands, and due to the natural distance between islands of the Canarian archipelago, had forgotten how to navigate upon the oceans, became physically and then culturally stranded; their building structures and society had had fallen into disarray.

However a slave population on the small and climatologically diverse islands would have been unusual for its functional uselessness, unless other minerals were mined from the Canaries that are not in abundance today or they were way-stations populated by a small coterie of imperial or royal administrators for other nautical destinations. Then as now the hot springs, and forests - though the forests had been cut down largely by the time of the Spanish colonization - were noteworthy aspects of the islands, as well as the great island peak at Grand Canaria, but any slave-based economy based on any form of agriculture for a larger-scale population than a subsistence herding population, would have been difficult to achieve on a series of geologically unstable ocean archipelgoes, lending credence to the idea of either a slash-and-burn slave colonization of the archipelago and as a way-station for seafarers.

In Alternative Gomera, writer Nicholas Albery posits the following information about the Guanches:

The Guanche may have had Berber connections (in Tenerife, Guan meant man, but each island had its own language, with similarities between the islands. The languages are now lost, although some Guanche surnames and place names and about 3000 words survive). [Alternative Gomera, by Nicholas Albery, 2001]

Concerning the state of the Guanche civilization at the time of the analysis he presents, around the Spanish invasion, Albery indicates the following:

The Guanche buried the mummified bodies of their dead in bricked-up caves in as inaccessible spots as possible, and they followed a Stone Age way of life (without even the use of the potters wheel) into the middle ages. They had no bread, using a gofio barley flour instead. They had no chisels or metal instruments. Supposedly their only way of fishing was to jump into the sea so as to frighten the fish into their reed nets. On Tenerife island even the art of swimming is said to have been unknown. None of the Canary Islands except Hierro discovered how to produce alcohol by distillation, so that water and palm juice were the only drinks. They had no cotton or flax, only chamois leather. And no needles, only awls made of fish bone or palm thorns. They used cattle as a symbol of wealth, and the nobility had slaves or commoners as servants. Shields were made from the bark of the dragon tree. [Ibid]

It is possible like many civilizations, especially those living on small archipelagoes, the inhabitants rose and fell from savagery many times in their millennia of history and that the Spanish colonized their islands at a low point in their history. It is difficult to imagine people indigenous to island archipelagoes so close to one another would not now how to or want to construct boats, or know how to swim, unless they had regressed in civilization due to civil strife and subsequent cultural reduction, or cataclysm. Their usage of cattle as wealth is indicative of a Berber and far earlier Cro-Magnon predilection, as evidence by the Cro-Magnon art of human hunters and elaborately drawn cattle herds, oxen, antelope, and other animals.

It is also noted that Cro-Magnon and post-Cro-Magnon Azilian-era sites in Europe indicated usage of needles and clothing for sewing, thousands of years before the explanation of the primitive state of their possible descendants in he Guanches and proto-Guanches of the Canary Islands.

Another explanation is that the Romans took the Guanches ancestors to the Canaries as they were prisoners, and utilized the Canaries as a prison colony. However, the Phonecians recorded their efforts at the Canaries while embarking on mercantile activities in the eastern Atlantic and the theoretical Berber contact several hundred years before would antedate a Phoenician discovery of the Canaries. Moreover the archaic step-pyramid building, dog-training and astronomy of the Guanches are cultural features that do not have Roman or Cartaginian precedents and their linkage to Phonecian cultures are tenuous. This lends support to a native Guanche culture earlier than the classical period of the Mediterranean.

Nevertheless the linguistic archaeology points to an earlier influence or utilization of script; a Cartaginian or Libyan language similar to Tifinagh, the language of the Tamazight or Berber peoples of North West Africa who also have the fair features of the Guanche; their geographical proximity to the Canary Islands is also noted. Furthermore little if any Roman influence seems apparent in the artefacts or archaeology or language in the Guanche Canary Islands. It is argued that the Guanche Canarians were part of a trading station that enabled them movement southeast across the Atlantic to the trading and colony centers of the Americas as well as to their colonies along the Mediterranean coast and that their culture was autocthonous in late neolithic Europe and spread outward to encompass others, including an eventual Berber/Tamazight culture in Northwest Africa in the late neolithic period. This Guanche culture extended into the early Spanish period when it was irradiated and transformed into a European culture.

Scholars point to the resemblance between the Guanche or proto-Guanche, Egyptian, and Mayan cultures in their usage of pyramids and other archaeological evidences of the societal linkages between far-flung cultures, pointing to a greater usage of sea-faring and exploration in pre-Mediaeval times than is commonly accepted by orthodox historians of Egypt:

The famous explorer, Thor Heyerdahl, who "rediscovered" the pyramids on the Canary Islands and who set up an academic body to study the phenomena, argued that the pyramids may be remains from explorers who sailed the Atlantic in ancient times, and who may have possibly forged a link with the pre-Columbian civilizations of the Americas.

As the original inhabitants of the Canary Islands were fair-haired and bearded, it was possible, Heyerdahl suggested, that long before the 15th Century, people of the same stock as those who settled the Canary Islands, also sailed the same route along the Canary Current that took Christopher Columbus to the Americas. [Guanche Type Pyramids Found in Mexico, http://www.white- history.com/hwr6a.htm]

These people as well as the nearby Nehmadi [for a fascinating travellers account of the Nehmadi, vide The Songlines, by Bruce Chatwin], a surviving Nordic Caucasian hunter-gatherer tribe in a modern area of Berbers, Arabs and mulatto or Negro slaves, a tribe which uses tamed dogs and jackals to help in their hunt for antelope and other prey, in Berber North Africa, yet more primitive than the Berber. It is likely that the Nehmadi are related to the Guanches, or to Vandals or earlier Germanic peoples who lived in North Africa, or to the Amazight (or Berber in the Arab tongue); these are two threads in the great weaving of an apparent ancient, pre-Egyptian old Kingdom of the pre-dynastic era, in and of itself a loose historical term explaining both the animistic nomes cultural features of the river cities of the Nile, and the cyclopean architecture of the predynastic period in ancient Egypt which perhaps featured the technology and culture of ancient Nordic Caucasian colonizers and sea-farers.

The author continues, citing the similarities between the Guanche and Egyptian pyramid-building styles:

However, the most stunning link between the Guanches and the Egyptians comes in the form of pyramids - the Guanches built several small step pyramids on the islands, using exactly the same model as those found in ancient Egypt and in Mesopotamia. The pyramids have an east-west alignment which also indicates that they probably had a religious purpose, associated with the rise and setting of the sun.

Carefully built stairways on the west side of each pyramid lead up to the summit, which in each case has a flat platform covered with gravel, possibly used for religious or ceremonial purposes. [The Guanche Pyramids on the Canary Isles, http://www.White-History.com, by Arthur Kemp.]

Through recent archaeological data were are able to recalculate with greater probability of historical accuracy the ages of some of the most important cyclopean or prehistoric and grey-dated architecture in Egypt, the Sphinx, Great Pyramid and Gizeh, and the Osirieon complex back further than the orthodox Egyptologist dating of these structure-ruins at approximately the rein of the Old Kingdom Pharaoh Khufu (circa 2800 BC or 4800 BP) past the rein of Nar-mer circa 5000 BP, to approximately 4000 BC or 6000 BP or earlier, to the era of the mediterranean-wide colonization of sea-faring nordics of the archaic, post Cro-Magnon Azilian-era archaic Europeans. It is therefore possible that some of these people became proto-Guanches.

Concerning the evidence for cross-cultural contact between the northwest African Berbers and the Egyptians in remoter periods, in the classical period, circa 950-700 BCE, the Berber peoples had a reign of several pharaohs as cited by Habiba Boumlik:

...the first mention of the Amazigh people in historical records: the founding by Amazigh Pharaoh Sheshonq I of the 22nd pharaonic dynasty in 950 BC, followed by the 23rd and 24th Amazigh pharaonic dynasties, over 200 years (950 BC-712 BC) of Amazigh rule in ancient Egypt. According to ancient Egyptian historian Manetho (3rd century BC) and archeological records, the Amazigh Pharaonic dynasties brought back stability to Egypt by reunifying it and defending it against foreign invasion from the East. [Habiba Boumlik, The Celebration of Yennayer/Amazigh New Year, http://www.waac.org/amazigh/culture/yennayer2951-habiba_boumlik.html]

This may not be the first instance of far western African cultures influencing far eastern African cultures as shall be demonstrated later on.

http://www.robertschoch.net/Guest_Articles/evidence_guanches.html

[ 08-11-2005, 11:35 PM: Message edited by: Europa ]

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Boreasi

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   posted 08-11-2005 11:33 PM                       
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I may suggest that you read dhills material on this topic - in the thread "Atlantis and The Atlantic Ocean". That one of the real good ol`threads on this Forum, - and well worth the read...
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Posts: 1330 | From: Norway | Registered: Apr 2005

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   posted 08-11-2005 11:37 PM                       
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Thanks! I'll do that. Hopefully, this material is also something new!

Guanche Habits

It is known that the Guanche used an odd whistled language called silbo, perhaps to communicate across the valleys and volcanic hills of the multi-climated Canary Islands; their mixed Spanish descendants are said to use the language today. Whistling is also useful as a non-verbal language for seafarers. In Alternative Gomera, by Nicholas Albery, 2001, the author states the history and current usage of silbo as follows:

The language of Gomera nowadays is Spanish. Some of the older inhabitants can still use the intriguing Gomeran whistling language, el silbo, useful for conveying quite detailed information from mountain-top to mountain-top, such as meet you in the cafe by the plaza for a drink at 12. Some whistlers can make themselves understood up to five miles away, with a following wind, it is claimed. The whistle is demonstrated at some of the tourist restaurants, is recognised by UNESCO as a language whose survival is threatened, and is taught to 9 and 10 year olds in specialised classes in school. The whistle compresses all spoken sounds to four consonants and two vowels, using varying tone and length. Some experts say that the whistling originated from the Berbers in the high Atlas in Morocco, although the Turks near the Black Sea in the Kuskoy valley do a similar form of whistling. [Ibid]

It is unknown if the ancient Egyptians used such methods of communication in their daily lives. Pottery found on the Canaries indicates an ancient cultural connection between the pottery making of northeast Africa and the Mediterranean and the Guanche or proto-Guanche:

While in Tenerife pottery is for the most part plain ware with oval bottom, mainly produced for utilitarian purposes after the Neolithic models, that of Gran Canaria shows skillful use of red and black scheme with geometric motifs recalling pre-Minoan Crete."(Webmaster note-not middle phase nor post Crete but very early, and Egyptians as well pre-dynastic had this red on black style.) [The Early Inhabitants of the Canary Islands, By Alf Bajocco, 1965 Part IV cont. http://geocities.com/MotorCity/Factory/2583/Canary4.htm, D. Clarke webmaster]

The Flood According to the Egyptians

Floods occurred throughout the ancient world, and some had devastating effect over wide regions. Concerning the theological ramifications in the Egyptian culture regarding ancient flood of the Eastern Mediterranean, R. Cedric Leonard states:

Nu, the Egyptian god of the Primeval Sea, is represented on the marble sarcophagus of Seti I as being up to his waist in water with arms upraised to carry the Solar Boat across the Sky. He is said to have held the royal occupants of this boat above the flood waters engulfing their mountainous island home in the West. Nu had been ordered to bring about this very flood by Atum in order to purify the world (Budge, 1960). Does this primeval flood scene depict the first migration from the Lands of the West to Egypt because of the inundation of Atlantis? (Ancient Egyptian Writings, R. Cedric Leonard, http://www.atlantisquest.com/Hiero.html)

Aside from the obvious etymological and perhaps cultural diffusion in the similarities between the Hebrew No-ah and the Egyptian Nu, who travels the primeval sea in a solar boat, it is likely that the ancient Egyptians based their religion in part on their history, as did the later Hebrew people with their accounts of Abrahams flight and settlement into Egypt during a time of famine and Moses exodus from Egypt with the body of the Israelite people. If this is the case it points more strongly to a common cultural record of origin in the flooded lands of southeast Europe, or even the volcanic islands of the far eastern Atlantic of the founders of the Pre-Dynastic kingdoms of Lower Egypt.

The Proto-Guanche Historical Origins of the Egyptian God Thoth

While the Guanche were known to have worshipped the god of the sun, and of higher thought, Men-cey, (note that the first Egyptian pharaohs called themselves Men-es) or the revelation of god through the sun, it is unknown what the other gods, if any, of their pantheons were. Yet throughout the ancient Egyptian writings of the God-Kings before the Pharaohs, are references to men of other lands who became gods of wisdom before migrating to lower Egypt. One of them was Thoth, traditionally designated by historians and Egyptologists as the Egyptian God of Writing and Wisdom. Leonard states:

Thoth was born in a distant country to the west which was across a body of water. Its main city was by the sea (Plato's metropolis). The land possessed volcanoes and, like Atlantis, had a low mountain or large hill in the center. This land is sometimes referred to as the Isle of Flame. (Book of the Dead, Hymn of Rameses IV and Pyramid Texts)

A catastrophe occurred which darkened the sun and disturbed the gods, but Thoth led them across the sea to an eastern country [Egypt]. Thoth is depicted as the "controller of the Flood," (Leyden Papyrus) and the Theban Recension includes the Island of Flame in the Flood story. (Papyrus of Ani, Chap. CLXXV)

In Chapter LXXXV of the Book of the Dead, Thoth rules the "Western Domain," and by the end of the New Kingdom he is called "Lord of the West". (Seth, 1912) Thoth is depicted standing in sht htp [the "field of peace" known to the Greeks as the Elysian Fields], holding his writing quill and palette. The question is pertinent: Was Thoth an Atlantean god-king? [R. Cedric Leonard, http://www.atlantisquest.com/Hiero.html]

The sacred island of the Guanches, the Gran Canaria, is a great mountain, white peaked, with very little arable land surrounding it as it juts forth from the Atlantic, similar to the description of the Isle of Rame, indicating an interesting similarity in the volcanic homeland of Thoth It may not be possible to prove that Thoth was an Atlantean God-King, but there are indications that the isles of the West were the Canary Islands, and that proto-Guanches of a more advanced state did explore outside of their archipelago with their astronomical, navigational and cultural knowledge and achievements of the late neolithic era.

http://www.robertschoch.net/Guest_Articles/evidence_guanches.html
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Canary Islands: Home of the Guanches

The Canary Islands, located in the Atlantic Ocean near the Tropic of Cancer, immediately west of the African coast (near the ancient Berber/Tamazight lands) form an archipelago made of seven islands and six smaller islets. Their naval coordinates are between 27 degrees north and 29.5 degrees north and go as far west as 18 degrees. It is not surprising that some historians and other scientists speculate that the ancient culture and people of these islands are directly related to the ancient indigenous inhabitants of Northwest Africa, the Tamazight.

The Canarian writer Juan Rancel tells the following:

Roman naturalist Plinius wrote that Juba, King of Mauritania and vassal of Rome in the I century b.C., sent an expedition to explore the mythical Fortunate Islands which were in the Dark Ocean beyond the Columns of Hercules (the Strait of Gibraltar). They gave name to some of these islands. One they called "Nivaria" for the snow covering its mountains (nivea=snow, in latin) -the island of Tenerife. Other was called "Herbania" (herba=grass, in latin) for the meadows they found there. A third one was named "Junonia" for the many doves they saw; the dove was the bird dedicated to goddess Juno. And one of the islands, in which they found a fierce breed of dogs (can, canis in latin), was called "Canaria"...

Regardless of what Plinius wrote in the I century a.C., the fact is that the island called today Gran Canaria was inhabited by a tribe who called themselves the "canarii". The islands were called "Fortunate Islands" or "Islands of Fortune". During the XV century, the island of Canaria became famous for the brave defense deployed by their natives against the landings of the conquistadores. They started to call all islands "the Islands of Canaria", from which they were later called "Canary Islands" (Canarias, in Spanish). (The Canarian Balcony, Juan Rancel)

The Egyptian pharaohs from Pre Dynastic times used hunting dogs throughout their funeary stela, bas-reliefs, statues and in their daily life; the God of the Dead was Anubis, and the ancient Egyptians were known to have bred several breeds of hunting dogs for the courts usage for war and for sport. The western islands which suffered much natural catastrophism were none other than the Canarian Islands, nearly directly west of Lower Egypt, but removed by thousands of miles across the Atlas Mountains and the once fertile plains of the Sahara. If the lands of the Northwest of Africa were more hospitable in those days, it is not surprising that the proto-Guanches could have sailed the 70 plus miles from the eastern Canaries to the African mainland and then followed the African coast to the geologically safe and fertile Nile River delta.

It is quite possible therefore that the inundated, fleeing proto-Guanche sailed due eastward with little trepidation, as in those days the climate of the Sahara was different:

...the Eastern Sahara was of a Savannah Environment with plentiful flora and fauna, with a far higher taxonomic variety than today. Wild herds of grazing antelope, gazelle and cattle made easy game for hunting. However since the end of the last Ice Age North Africa has been undergoing environmental change, with climatic fluctuations. Increasing desiccation at the end of the Pleistocene (start of the Holocene) most likely induced human groups to merge towards the Nile (Childe 1934; Hassan 1984b). Indeed from as early as 15000 BC we have various examples of Palaeolithic sites with stone tool assemblages, distributed along the desert limits. (Egyptvoyager.com: The Nile Valey-Egypt 8/02)

However if the proto-Guanche at that time utilized naval resources for travel, the navigation from the Canary Streams, northwest across the western shore of Africa and through the Pillars of Hercules would have made a simple trip through the relatively easier to navigate Mediterranean. Furthermore the climate of North Africa 6000 BP was far gentler and climatological evidence points to a savannah-like North Africa, with running streams and forest like the Serengeti plains of Southern Africa.

The journey from the volcanic disturbances in the Canaries would have been generally uneventful one in a time of peace, given there were human populations and ample food and water along the pleasant subtropical or temperate climate of North Africa at that time, capable of supporting human life in advanced numbers. If the proto-Guanche survivors knew about Northwest Africa then they might have known about lushness and perhaps relative primitivity of the Nile Valley inhabitants as well.

R. Cedric Leonard further indicates the following concerning the archaic records of Pre-Dynastic Egypt:

On much shakier ground is a claim by Dr. Paul Schliemann, grandson of the famous Heinrich Schliemann, that among other relics relating to Atlantis he discovered an Egyptian papyrus in the Hermitage at Leningrad which said: "Pharaoh Sent sent out an expedition to the west in search of Atlantis from whence 3350 years before the Egyptians arrived carrying with themselves all the wisdom of their native land. The expedition returned after five years with the report that they had found neither people nor objects which could give them a clue to the vanished land." (Schliemann, 1912)

This papyrus has never been seen by anyone else, so it remains in limbo. Had Schliemann used the term "Land of the West" instead of "Atlantis" it would be a little more believable. However, I did find that there actually was a pharoah with the unlikely name Sent. Pharoah Sent, or Senta, was the fifth king of the IInd Dynasty who ruled approximately 4000 B.C. (Budge, 1960)

A measure of support for Dr. Schliemann's "discovery" comes in the form of a long record inscribed on the great Ebony Label found in the tomb of Menes at Abydos, which upon translation told how this "great admiral" and "world emperor" in his old age embarked on "a voyage of exploration with his fleet" to the "Furthest West Sunset Land in the Western Ocean". Unfortunately for the great admiral, it was on this voyage that he met his tragic death. The place-name given in the inscription for this Far Western Island appears to read "Urani," which calls to mind Uranos, the first king of the Titans! [R. Cedric Leonard, http://www.atlantisquest.com/Hiero.html]

Further evidence of the Phonecian exploits and sea-faring usage of the isles of modern-day Gibraltar and the Canaries for expedition from the eastern Mediterranean westward confirm what is being hinted at by records of Caucasian travels to the New World, including the Caucasians of the proto-Guanche, post-Cro-Magnon Nordics of the Guanche dolichocephalic type. There are compelling clues to continuing late neolithic through classical and pre-Spanish contact between the greater eastern and western Mediterranean cultures.

Here Pablo Atoche Pena cites compelling data:

A votive cave on the Mediterranean island of Gibraltar has provided vital clues that the Phoenicians ventured out into the Atlantic Ocean as early as the 8th century BC.

Over the past 10 years archaeologists have unearthed several thousand items which show that the ancient religious shrine, which faces out to sea, was dedicated to Melkart, the Phoenician form of the classical god Hercules. It was found to contain 400 pottery jars, 25 blue, yellow and green glass perfume and ointment bottles, 10 finger rings and a large number of figurine pendants depicting representations of Melkart. In addition to these items, a selection of the votive pieces were found to depict Egyptian gods such as Bes and Horus, the in
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Late Neolithic Geology in The Mediterranean

A regional flood circa 7600 BP decimated the population centers around what is now the Black Sea and the cultures and perhaps cities of southeastern Europe (including the Catal Huyuk civilization) while the Azilian and post-Azilian Tardenoisian and Maglemosian mesolithic cultures in western Europe (The Stone Age, http://ragz-international.com/stone_age.htm) which featured seafaring, star-reading, writing, agriculture, advanced stone weapons and utensils development, mathematics, ritual dead burial, the architecting, planning and building of small cities and extensive trade appeared to flourish.

In what were the trading cities of the Black Sea, a body of water mainly lacking in oxygen which is a fine preserver of artefacts, a great migration of archaic Nordic Caucasians resulted in the resettling and colonization of the Eastern and Southern Mediterranean including the coasts of Lower Egypt. As is noted in this Pre Dynastic immigration due to the historical flood:
The modern-day sea was formed 7,500 years ago when melting glaciers raised sea level until the waters of the Mediterranean breached the natural dam at the Bosporus. (Noah's Flood, by Columbia University geologists William Ryan and Walter Pitman)

And it is noteworthy from a hydrological and geological perspective that the flood dynamics in the area were such that created unusual geological anomalies:

The flood also created a two-layered body of water, which permanently interfered with the normal convection that brings deep water to the surface for oxygenation. The less dense fresh water lay like a lid on top of the denser Mediterranean water, sterile once its original oxygen had been used up. Today the top 500 feet of the Black Sea supports a thriving marine life, but the rest is as dead as the ancient day when the flood waters settled. (Black Sea Artifacts May be Evidence of Biblical Flood by Guy Gugliotta, Washington Post, September 13, 2000 http://washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A59806-2000Sep12.html)

Perhaps supplying the first and founding Nordic and Mediterranean rulers of that fabled civilization, to at least 5000 BP, empire in Southwest Europe, surrounding Islands, and North Africa.

It may be conjectured even further that these archaic Caucasians were the legendary Atlanteans in that they dwelled by the pillars of Hercules, to paraphrase Plato, in the Atlantic ocean (named for Atlas after the Greek mythological god who held up the world on his shoulders), or that the proto-Guanche were indeed survivors of a more advanced neolithic, island and north-west based African Canarian civilization before volcanic disturbances in the early neolithic period) attributed by Plato or the predecessors of descendants of Noahs era slowly broke apart their island to form todays archipelago. It is hypothesized that these Guanche ancestors sailed the Atlantic to North and South America to feed their growing civilization. Yet let us first examine evidence to indicate they were the founders of Pre-Dynastic Egypt.

Guanche Mummification Practices and Similarities to Egyptian Mummification Practices
The Guanche maintained a tradition of mummification of the elite of their society once they had reached the point of death. In this practice they too were similar to the Egyptian rite of mummification for their Pharaohs and court royalty; other Near Eastern classical peoples including the Israelites (who had Joseph mummified in Egypt before being transported to Israel) practiced the rite as well for their deceased leaders.

The Guanche had a nearly monotheistic religion and furthermore there is some evidence that they mummified their dead in the following manner:

The ancient Canarians worshipped the sun which they called 'Almogaren'. (Webmasters note- 'Almogaren' is very Irish and Scottish sounding both of which do have ancient Basque connections such as 'Alma' or God or Almaner and Garen i.e. a 'crown' which is God's Crown related to the circled looking sun.) The ritual of the Canarian religion was pure and simple. A class of high priests, called Faycans (not Pagans but use the ***a or Figa, or Vega-n term), directed the activities of the cult. There were also corporations of nuns who lived in caves like the hermits of the early Christian times. They were called Arimaguadas, or Maguadas."

(Webmasters note- the indication of this a is a prefix and suffix doublet of 'God' in Ari, and Das or Roman Dias the middle is Magua or a 'Persian like' Zoraster type of Fire-Sun God. This would explain the type of people indicated as having a Semitic almost Mongoloidish facial characteristics.) [The Early Inhabitants of the Canary Islands, By Alf Bajocco, 1965 Part II cont.
http://geocities.com/MotorCity/Factory/2583/Canary2.htm]

The author further goes on to state that:

The Canarians belonging to the upper class used to embalm the body of their dead. (Webmaster note a Egyptian practice) There were different methods of embalming which, similarly to Ancient Egypt, varied according to the rank and financial position of the family. (Webmaster note also a practice very Egyptian) [The Early Inhabitants of the Canary Islands, By Alf Bajocco, 1965 Part II cont.
http://geocities.com/MotorCity/Factory/2583/Canary2.htm]

The Guanche Mummies were found by explorers and archaeologists in a number of areas on the Canary Islands from the Spanish period circa 1400 CE onward:
Found primarily in caves on four of the seven Canary Islands, Guanche mummies once numbered in the thousands. Today only a handful remain, mostly in museum collections (which may not be on display).

Very little research concerning the Guanche mummies has been carried out, and definite dates that the mummies were produced are not known. The mummies were initially found by the Spanish during the 1400s as they conquered the island chain; other explorers discovered more over the next few centuries. Most Guanche mummies would have been made prior to 1400. (SOURCE: Conrado Rodriguez- Martín, "The Guanche Mummies." In Mummies, Disease, and Ancient Cultures by Aidan Cockburn, Eve Cockburn, and Theodore Reyman. London: Cambridge University Press, 1998.]

The genetic dating and scientific testing of the Guanche mummies in tissue and dating samples has recently begun, but we can verifiy the methods of their mummification to verify their similarities with the Egyptian rites of mummification and point to a common cultural origin:
Because the scientific study of Guanche mummies has been almost nonexistent, no analysis of the mummies found on the four islands has been published. Consequently, the following information is based only on the mummies discovered on Tenerife. There, the Guanches appear to have used three different methods for mummification:

(1) Internal organs were sometimes removed (this may have been reserved for individuals who were members of the highest level Guanche society).

(2) Special substances were sometimes used to embalm the body: soil and stone, various kinds of vegetable matter, and fat solids.

(3) Sand was stuffed into some mummies. (SOURCE: Conrado Rodriguez-Martín, "The Guanche Mummies." In Mummies, Disease, and Ancient Cultures by Aidan Cockburn, Eve Cockburn, and Theodore Reyman. London: Cambridge University Press, 1998.]

The Egyptians also removed organs and placed them in special baskets or receptacles for the recognition and assimilation by the gods; they used similar matters for embalming, including vegetable matters and fats, though the Egyptians used incense as well; rocks or sand were used to stuff the mummies.

An additional similarity occurs in the practice of entombing the dead, once thought to be an exclusively Egyptian phenomena which is arguably linked the with Guanche practice of burying their dead:

No matter which method (or combination) was used, a Guanche mummy was most likely dried out in the sun first. At the end of the process, the mummy was wrapped in animal skins, such as goat skins; kings received 10-15 skins, other individuals received many fewer. Then it was placed in a cave on a special mummy board. Finally, a stone wall was erected around the mummy. These factors (drying, cave burial, wall) also helped insure that the mummy would be preserved. (SOURCE: Conrado Rodriguez-Martín, "The Guanche Mummies." In Mummies, Disease, and Ancient Cultures by Aidan Cockburn, Eve Cockburn, and Theodore Reyman. London: Cambridge University Press, 1998.]

It is not presently known whether the Guanche used sarcophagi to bury their mummified leaders though this is an interesting possibility which could be borne out by further archaeological exploration of the Canaries.


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[ 08-11-2005, 11:42 PM: Message edited by: Europa ]
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The Religion of the Egyptians Indicates an Origin in the Western or Canary Islands of the proto-Guanche


It has been documented that though the Guanches buried their dead in caves unlike the Egyptians, the Guanches shared a belief in mummification, the principles and methods of mummification similar to the ancient Egyptians, and that they built step-pyramids with an east-west orientation or axis, alike the practice of the Pre-Dynastic and Old and New Kingdom Egyptian dynasties. Arthur Kemp notes that:

Charms and magical prayers were collected into a book and paid for by the living to put into their tombs - a sort of insurance policy for a successful resurrection in the hereafter. This book made up what is known as the "Egyptian Book of the Dead." (White History, Arthur Kemp, http://www.white-history.com/hwr8.htm)

The Guanche, too had inscription upon their mummified dead, in their now-extinct language. Kemp further goes on to state that:

Egyptian religion of the time was primarily concerned with the achievement of life after death. The practice of mummification was started on the basis of a myth that the God of the Nile River, Osiris, had been murdered by his evil brother, Seth. According to the myth, Seth cut Osiris' body into pieces. These pieces were however gathered together by Osiris' grieving widow, Isis, and re-assembled, thus resurrecting Osiris.

The Nile God then became the first mummy, and every mummified Egyptian became a second Osiris. (White History, Arthur Kemp, http://www.white- history.com/hwr8.htm)

It is unknown what part the theology of resurrection played in the life and religion of the proto-Guanches and Guanches; yet the fact that they practiced mummification indicates an affinity for the belief in a life after death as important and codified as in the life-in-life. The late Guanche culture worshipped the sun-god Mencey; although their distant forebears on the greater Canarian island before the end of the last ice age circa 13000 BP (when much of the Northern Hemisphere was under ice fields and more land existed above the seas than today throughout the world), European or African continent may have had other belief systems.

In A Berber solstitial marker earlier than the 16th century on Gran Canaria Island, Spanish writer Jose Barrios Garcia cites the following about the beliefs of the ancient Guanches and their similarities to the more advanced Egyptian beliefs that may have eclipsed their knowledge in the centuries after the hypothetical first founding of Egypt by the proto-Guanches:

...showing what I think to be a solstitial marker at the top of the most important religious mountain of the island [Gran Canaria]. Other research in this field deals with the astral religion of this people and their concept of soul, including the ancient Canarians considering themselves as sons of the sun. (Barrios Garcia)

It is well-known by historians that the ancient Egyptian pharaohs also considered themselves sons of the sun and used the flying, winged sun Atum as a symbol of their journeys in this life and into the afterlife. They considered the sun to be the father and watcher of their civilization and their people and an important marker in their spiritual and intellectual journeys, nourishing the Nile river and all of the animals and plants of their land; in a metaphysical sense they would not have the ability to comprehend the vastness of the stars that cited in their astronomies and agricultural tables if it were not for the magnificence and the practical presence of the sun in their daily lives.

The religious hierarchy and culture of the Guanches was sun-worship based and their islands were divided into cantons alike the ancient Egyptian nomes:

The social organization of the ancient Canarians was quite an advanced one, as the stage achieved by the natives was far beyond that of a purely tribal society typical of prehistoric cultures. The territory of the islands had been divided into districts recalling cantons of Switzerland. At the head of each district there was a local king. These rulers, called "Reynos" (webmaster not the same as Roman Remos but i.e. Sun-Born Twin Kings?) by the Spanish, exercised their power with great authority and wisdom. Their title was "Guayres" in the native speech of Gran Canaria, "Menceyes" in that of Tenerife, "Altithai" in Lanzarote and Fuerteventura."

(Webmaster note- The "Altithai" is an extremely important word because it is definitely pre-greek and is pretty much pre-phoenician and explains the 'Alda' prefix as a 'Alti' type word it is at least contemporary with Malaga names and is considered a pre-celtic pseudo Basque i.e. sea people language. Eskimo's have been known to use words like this form showing its archaic quality. The Menceyes confirms the next stage linguistically after Althi words or Atl-Atl's as a 'water, doublet word'. Menceyes is not necessarily Spanish in Canaries because in Pre-Dynastic Egypt that word was floating around Harpooner clans who carried a ancient tradition that dated back to the Azilians???) [The Early Inhabitants of the Canary Islands, By Alf Bajocco, 1965 Part II cont.
http://geocities.com/MotorCity/Factory/2583/Canary2.htm]

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The Land of the West

The Egyptians used two hieroglyphs to designate the spoken term foreign land, or set. . The first or set was drawn like a three-pronged crown or a straight line curved upward and fully around to forum three peaks and two valleys. The second or amentet was identical to the first but had two islands or separated peaks above the two outside prongs, and a small smoke plume to the left of the outer left prong; what appears to be indicating a volcanic explosion above an island area. Set or Amentet hieroglyphs had two meanings: Set meant underworld or foreign or mountainous land; Amentet meant West or Land of the West. (Budge, E. A. Wallis, "Egyptian Language," Routledge & Kagan Paul Ltd., London, 1966.)

Since there are no volcanic activities in Egypt, and due to their masterful comprehension of astronomy and construction, they must have realized that true west could only be in one cardinal direction; from the Nile River delta across the coast of North Africa. yet there are not volcanic areas in the Western Mediterranean until one reaches the volcanic areas of the Canary Islands. There are volcanoes in the Eastern Mediterranean throughout the southern Aegean and the isles of Crete and Sicily, among others, but while there is no evidence of a proto-egyptian civilization on the isle of Sicily, the links between the Cretans and ancient Egyptians have been well-documented (including the cultural and linguistic similarities between the Pre-Dynastic Era Egyptians and the inhabitants of the semi-legendary Colchis in northern Anatolia) and it is submitted that during the flood migration of the southeastern Europeans circa 7000 BP, these Caucasian peoples settled throughout the islands of the Eastern Mediterranean and therefore may have contributed to the settling of lower Egypt - but than is true north, and not true west.

Yet anthropological evidence indicates a mixed settlement of Caucasian types into lower Egypt circa 7000 BP, and the post-Cro-Magnon, apparently neolithic or even copper metal-working Guanche (evidence of copper mining in the Balkans circa 7000 BP) are not of the same ethnic type as the Colcheans, described by the ancients.

Furthermore the direction of the eastern Mediterranean isles are north of Egypt, not West; and even if the ancient Egyptians faced the direction of the rising sun and considered that their cardinal north, they still would recognize that the opposite direction of the suns setting would be toward the Atlantic, and the setting sun of Amenta, or the Land of the West. It is perhaps no coincidence that the Guanches also built pyramids and laid their dead on the East-West axis.

The writer R. Cedric Leonard is of the opinion that the ancient homeland of the kings of Egypt was even further west of the Canaries, in the legendary place assigned by ancient and classical writers and historians as Atlantis:

Now the "Land of the West" would be a natural Egyptian name for Atlantis. The Atlantic Ocean was referred to as the "Western Ocean". Did Manetho translate "foreign land" from this glyph? If so, we probably have ourselves a reference to Atlantis in the writings of Manetho. There were no mountains in Egypt, yet this glyph represented a mountainous land to the west of Egypt.

That the glyph set also represented the "underworld," also fits, since this is the land where the sun shines after it has set (no pun intended) on the land of Egypt. It was believed in popular Egyptian mythology that the sun passed through the underworld on its way back to rise once more in the east. (Ancient Egyptian Writings, http://www.atlantisquest.com/Hiero.html)

The proto-Guanche were sailors; it is posited that they and their isles could also have been the original references of the term Amenti spoken in Pre Dynastic Egypt.

Anthropological Data: The Racial Qualities of Early Egypts Inhabitants and Leaders

Nordic peoples continued their exodus from the West and southeastern Europe, entering Egypt at the time of the great Indo-European migrations from the Black Sea Basin circa 5600 BC, Nordic peoples such as "Ginger" settled the Nile River Valley and laid the basis for what was, by 3000 BC, to become the first Egyptian Dynasty. (Kemp, White history).

An archaeological example this migration of Nordic caucasians similar to the proto-Guanches racially is Ginger. This neolithic man was found among others of his kind and it is further cited that:

Racially speaking, the inhabitants of Egypt at this period in time were divided into three groups. Skeletal evidence from grave sites show that the original White Mediterraneans and Proto-Nordics were in a majority in the area - a well preserved body found in a sand grave in Egypt dating from approximately 3000 BC, on display in the British Museum in London, has even been nicknamed "Ginger" because of his red hair - a racial trait only found in persons of Nordic ancestry. (Kemp, White History)

By approximately 5000 BP, the period of neolithic colonization of Lower Egypt by the Nordic and other European stock had become a concrete society; and with the conquering expedition of Nar-Mer circa 5000 BP, the neolithic era of Lower Egypt became the historical citation of the first Old Kingdom dynasties of ancient Egypt.

A common argument is to define the type of racial qualities of the pharaohs of Egypt; Caucasian being the rule until late in the last century of our era, for a number of reasons which have come to the academic arena regarding the identity of the most well-documented ancient Western civilization to date, ancient Egypt. Though by the time of the historically-youthful culture of the classical Greeks, when compared to the vast age of the Egyptian, many Egyptians were identified as being of woolly hair, most of the early leaders and inhabitants were known to be Caucasian, and this can clearly be seen in the Nordic features of many early Pharaohs, Viziers and commoners, well through the rein of King Tutankhamen (who died when he was 18 and reined circa 1350 BC) nearly four thousand years after the colonization of Lower Egypt by the nordic seafarers who we may call the proto-Guanches.

Blacks and Semitic-speakers were commonly slurred against and demonized in popular Egyptian art and pharaonic art to be found throughout the various complexes of the pharaohs; these artefacts include the dog-attacks against black slaves; the military expeditions against the Nubians to the south of Egypt, the black and semitic caricatures bound upon the walking-sticks of pharaohs; and the caricatures of blacks and semites painted upon the insoles of the sandals of a pharoah. It may be that the Exodus story of the Western Bible reflects the Israelite version of a culturally Egyptian, ingrained antipathy toward Semites or Hapirus (nomads).

Other arguments based upon the random sequencing of egyptian skull measurements
point to an entirely hamitic or racially mulatto ancient Egypt. Yet important evidence from an anthropological study points to the contrary:

Frédéric Falkenburger compiled and analyzed skull measurements from 1,787 Ancient Egyptian male skulls and divided them into four main groups giving the following results: 36% negroid; 33% Mediterranean; 11% cro-magnoid; 20% of individuals not falling in any of these groups, but related to either cro-magnoids or negroids. (Source: "La Composition Raciale del' Ancienne Egypt," Anthropologie vol. 51, 1947)

That data is not explicit in the time period and location of the skull measurements nor can we deduce from those obscured details the socio-cultural dynamics of 'ancient Egypt' as defined by the extent of that study, even if those remains are from a particular class of economic segment of society. Some studies of the racial propensity of the Egyptian populace are further supportive of a Mediterranean (i.e. perhaps related to the ancient Iberians, Cretans or Sardinians) rulerships and majority of the population in the Northerly part of the country (Lower Egypt):

The British anthropologist G.M. Morant produced a comprehensive study of Egyptian skulls from commoner and royal graves from all parts of the Egyptian lands and times. His conclusions were that the majority of the population of Lower Egypt - that is in the Northern part of the country - were members of the (now virtually extinct) Mediterranean White subrace. In the south (or Upper Egypt) this population pattern was repeated but this time showing a certain percentage of Black admixture (reflecting the proximity of the Nubian settlement). Significantly, Morant found that with the passage of time, the differentiation in skull types between Upper and Lower Egypt became less and less distinct, until ultimately they became i indistinguishable - the surest sign of the absorption of the White subrace into the growing Nonwhite mass. (Race, John R. Baker, Oxford University Press, 1974, page 519).

It furthermore does not emphasize the integral cultural importance of the proto-Guanche donation of Pharaonic rulership; noting that a very high percentage of Egyptian rulers and pharaohs from the Pre-Dynastic to the end of the New Kingdom were of Nordic stock and did not descend from the black-haired and fair-skinned or swarthy-skinned Mediterranean subrace, common to the ancient Cretans. It was these hypothetical proto-Guanches from the West, led by Thoth, who brought with them a religion similar to that of the Nordic ruling elite of Lower Egypt.

By the time of the Ruler Nar-mer the Lower Egyptians, arguably under the descendants of the proto-Guanche had conquered Upper Egypt and the keys to controlling the Nile Rivers course through the entire plateau of what is now modern-day Egypt; and by extension they conquered the dark-skinned mulatto Nubian peoples who lived near it, utilizing them as slaves and Hapirus and merchants and skilled craftsmen.

There is no evidence of semitic or black kingship in Egypt, as opposed to the more southerly enemy kingdom of mainly Negroid or mulatto Nubia (which often supplied slaves of war to the victorious Egyptians armies) as pharaohs until the end of the empire - until circa 800 BC when Egypt was arguably, in name only and the religious tradition begun by the post-Cro-Magnon and Nordic 'Guanche' sea-faring founders from the West (Amenti) (the founding dates for the predynasty period are dated anywhere from 4000 to 5000 BC) - the land of the god of knowledge Thoth - had all but disappeared into the mass of nonsensical cults and inter-racial cohabitations that produced a faux-Egypt ripe for plundering after four thousand years of continuous pharaonic history and civilization.

The author of White History, Arthur Kemp: March of the Titans goes on to state that, After passing under Ethiopian, Assyrian and Persian rule, Egypt was finally occupied in 325 BC by the Greek Macedonian Alexander the Great (whose tribe was one of the original Indo-European invaders of the Greek peninsula). Thus the great and venerable pharaonic civilization was all but extinguished, even under a brief renaissance by the culturally Greco-Roman Ptolemies in the later classical Roman Empire.

http://www.robertschoch.net/Guest_Articles/evidence_guanches.html
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Europa

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   posted 08-11-2005 11:49 PM                       
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Hamitic Infusion into Arabs, Berbers, later Egyptians and Black Slaving

As black (and white) slavery was common in centuries past in the Western portion of the old Europe, West Asia and Africa there have been numerous eras available for racial interbreeding/miscegenation; Phonecian, Roman and Arabic and Ottoman Eras are all probabilities but also the Spanish Italian and Portuguese slave trades to the new world; they may have used Sicily as a base for negro slaves in small numbers of intermarriage; **** or out of wedlock births may have resulted. Also there is a negro level of genetic material in North Africans and Arabians which indicates a similar pattern of enslavement of the blacks dating to perhaps the founding of the Egyptian Predynastic era when the caucasians and Nordic sea-farers founded their kingdoms along the Mediterranean areas. The nubians in the south were first contacted later for slave labor in increasing amounts over the consequent centuries.

The Arabs also received black slaves in historical-time and the development of inter-regional trade between Arabia, the Levant in general (including Phonecia, Assyria and Israelites) and India as well as southern Africa as there was the aboriginal australo-caucasian dark-skinned dravidians. a proto-australoid remnant population in southern India and perhaps on the coasts of Western Asia. Negroid intermixture in these areas of Arabia from two socio-cultural directions including Africans and Australoids into the Hamitic mixture and also the Nubian Caucasian-Negroid intermixture as has been discussed of caucasians and blacks - vide the green-eyed Watusi peoples of the northern reaches of north-central Africa.

Proto-Guanche Explorations in the Mediterranean

The evidence speaks to the broader historical evidence of a sustained and dynamic succession of white Caucasian sea-faring kingdoms from the eastern Mediterranean (Minoans (dark white Mediterraneans), Mycenaeans (Nordic white), Egyptians) through the middle of the sea (Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia, mixtures of Greeks, dark-Mediterraneans or Iberians, Etruscans, Iberians and perhaps Basques, respectively due to any preponderance of RH negative blood in those countries) to western Mediterranean (North Africa - Amazight or Berber, Iberian, Basque, Celtic, Guanche-Canaries, British Isles) over thousands of years from the neolithic period of Europe and the Mediterranean - a seafaring nation or nations of caucasians advanced enough to begin these colonies across Europe and into North Central and South America simultaneously.

The proto-Guanches are again highlighted as the transferring race of this nation or nations and were found in a severely devolved societal state by the Spaniards, centuries or millennia after their colonies (including in Spain millennia before).

Moreover even today the Egyptians culturally do not believe themselves blacks but whites and Egyptians - though it may be a legacy of the Arab invasion - this cultural tradition may date to the first civilizational-meme of Egypt being a white colony of Proto-Guanche descendants of Cro-Magnon of (western Atlantic isles dwelling) Atlanteans (whose descendants may have been the Sea-Peoples who attacked their long-lost cousins millennia later during the rein of Rameses II. Note that portraits of Rameses II portray Caucasian features including straight (not woolly) hair, long, straight nose, even jaw and a high, straight forehead; King Tutankhamen was cited as having reddish hair and Nordic body features.

Could it be the Pre-Dynastic founders of Egypt - nordics or Mediterranean Caucasians - have been coming on the sails of the founders, their ancestors the Atlanteans - some thousands of years before, who built the Sphinx, Osirieon, Great Pyramid of Gizeh - which were later attributed to Khufu (circa 5000 years before present) - the racial descendent of the Amenti-dwellers of the west (i.e. post-Atlantean Cro-Magnon proto-Guanches)? The hypothesis is outside the bounds of this scholarship at current time but raises interesting historical potentialities.

Proto-Guanche Explorations to the New World

The asiatic Indians of Central and South America, traditionally referred to as the indigenous peoples of the New World, although increasing evidence is pointing to a multi-cultural pre-Columbian New World of varying ethnic Asiatic groups as well as Caucasians and proto-humanoid beings of more archaic age, referred to the Columbians as quetzalcoatl, referring to the plumed serpent-god of the heavens which would return in the form of a white, bearded man in the year 1519 CE (by the calendar of the Europeans of the time); this date was venerated by the Aztecs in Tenochtitlan as an eschatological date and preparations were made by the court astrologers of the palace of Montezuma for their return. Other tribes of the New World in both Central and South America also venerated these wise, bearded white men for their previous incarnations and flying canoes which had brought culture, peace and prosperity to these regions in the remote past.

Yet it is possible that the voyage of Columbus was pre-dated by other Europeans explorers; scholars have made the speculation and evidence for Leif Ericcson and the Nose colonies of Vinland circa 1200 CE; the Welsh King Madoc circa 1200 or 500 CE depending on the archaeological data interpretation; the Irish Monk Brendan circa 500 CE; and perhaps earlier Irish, Basque, Roman, Cartaginian, Celtic and Phonecian-Israelite voyages to the New World, thereby establishing a permanent and continuous East to West cultural drive and expanding many historical horizons of the abilities of the ancient ancestors of modern Western civilization.

The author Kemp explains his research indicates the sea-faring ability of the Guanches and their interactions with the voyage of Columbus:

In fact Columbus' starting off point was the Canary Islands, where he obtained supplies and water on Gomera, the island next to Tenerife. The Guanches on Tenerife in 1492 did not permit Columbus to land on their island - they were not impressed by the physical appearance of the bearded Europeans, who looked like the Guanches themselves.

When Columbus and the Europeans who followed in his wake landed in the Americas, they were welcomed and initially worshiped as gods, since the beardless Indians they encountered believed that the Spanish belonged to the same people as the legendary founders of their civilization, bearded men from across the Atlantic Ocean.

According to the Aztec and Olmec (Central American Amerind) legends, their god, Quetzalcoatl, had Nordic features (eyes and hair color) and a beard. This god came from over the sea and taught the Amerinds how to raise corn and build structures. [Kemp, Guanche Type Pyramids Found In Mexico, http://www.white- history.com/hwr6a.htm]

There is further archaeological evidence that the ancient cultures of the Mesoamerican New World, predating the Aztecs, Mayas and perhaps the Olmecs (who themselves had rather Semitic-appearing features including beards, long noses and black hair).

As the proto-Guanche were noted seafarers in classical and ancient times; it is possible that the tall, golden-haired and fair-skinned peoples called the quetzalcoatl, or the culture-bringers of the asiatic Indians of Meso- and South America, were indeed proto-Guanches or Egyptians working with Guanches, or Egyptians who were related the the post-Cro-Magnon Proto-Guanches that traveled from the Canaries Islands as a stopover point to the New World and the sailing currents of the Gulf Stream from the southwest coast of Spain and modern-day Cadíz (ancient Ibero-Phonecian name Gades, or That Way) along the Atlantics Canaries Stream, to the Caribbean and what is now modern-day Northern Brazil.

Such are the archaeological remains of temples resembling Egyptian and perhaps Guanche stone work on the basins and sea floors in the Caribbean Sea from the Yucatan to Cuba and Bimini. Leonard cites the following evidence concerning the proto-Guanche-Egyptian architecture of the New World:

Finally, I couldn't help but notice the similarity between the Egyptian glyph for "temple" and an actual stone-walled building among the underwater ruins of the Bahamas. Near Andros island (on a shallow underwater shelf) is a rectangular ruin made of stone. Its walls are approximately three feet thick. Some investigators have dismissed it as the remains of a pen for storing conch shells. To them let me say (read my lips), you don't build storage pens for such items out of stone, using perfectly rectangular complex patterns, with walls three feet thick! Compare the following: one from Egypt and the other from the Bahama Islands.

Various researchers, including myself, have noticed the striking similarity between the floor-plan of the ruin near Andros island and the Mayan "Temple of the Turtles" located at Uxmal, Yucatan. So now we have Egypt, the Bahamas, and Mexico.(Ancient Egyptian Writing, R. Cedric Leonard, http://www.atlantisquest.com/Hiero.html)

http://www.robertschoch.net/Guest_Articles/evidence_guanches.html
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Europa

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   posted 08-11-2005 11:51 PM                       
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Summary

Islands of prehistoric Nordic populations remained all over the world until the early years of the last century, from the Santa Catalina Islands off of southern California, to uncharted stone ruins in the jungles of Brazil, the red-haired Caucasian mummies of Peru and Easter Island, and the great plains (the mummified Si-Te-Cah and Lovelock Mummies of Utah and Nevada), west and northeast (the fair-headed Indian tribes of the Algonquin, Mandan and Cherokee) of the North American continent; travelers reported meeting aboriginal populations of nordics in these places, often matching the same description as the Guanches, proto-Guanches and archaic Cro-Magnons.

With increasing interest and archaeological and historical data, scholars can expand and detail the history of these noteworthy Caucasian explorers and possible founders of Ancient Egypt, whose history is now being uncovered from its buried past.
Guanche Glossary and Comparison with Ancient Egyptian Words or Roots

Ahemon "Water" in Lanzarote and Hierro (cf. Berber "Aman")

Ataman "The Sky" in Tenerife (cf. Wolof "Asaman" and Arabic "Sama")

Chamato "Woman" in Tenerife (cf. Taureg "Tamet")

Faican "High Priest" in Gran Canaria (cf. Wolof "Fayda" meaning "much esteemed")

Tagoror "Meeting" in Tenerife (cf. Tuareg "Tahrut" meaning "Society") webmasters note -Oro in word as singular people of a Egyptian god?

Tibicena "Dog" "Evil Spirit" in Gran Canaria (probably from the old African linguistic background)

Zeloy "The Sun" in Palma (cf. Berber "Azil")

Ben = One (webmaster comment- of the Egyptian-Celtic Ben-Ben stone)

Lini =Two (webmaster note- Remi was probably the original twin Egyptian Goddesses)

Amiet= Three (compare with Egyptian HMT= Phallus, three lines, earth and sky symbol hieroglyphs and meaning three in Ancient Egyptian)

Arba= Four (also Acodetti) webmasters note-Splendorous four trees? or cardinal points?

Cansa = Five (webmaster note- a kind of Thoth?)

Sumus = Six (webmaster note- Priests)

Sat = Seven (webmaster note- Set)

Tamatti= Eight (webmaster note- Lybian-Egyptian Mother Goddess)

Acot = Nine (also Alda Morana, meaning "One less than ten") Webmaster note Splendor (Fire (Sun-Priest)) Beloved of Osiris?

Marago = Ten (Webmaster note- Muluga, Moroca, Malaka i.e Milky like Milky Way completed circle due to the less than expression of the above nine.)

Achich =Son

Adarg = Shoulder

Ahemon = Water

Ara, Axa = Goat

Cuna = Dog

Taharenemen = Dry Figs webmaster note- Medi-Terranean

Almogaren = Temple

Ataman= The Sky

Falcan High Priest

Arba Four

Cansa= Five webmaster note-same as Cuna or Dog but Egyptian Thoth extended.

"Ajeliles Juxaques Aventamares" meaning "Run away! They are coming to take you." Tomas Arias Marin y Cubas, Historia de las Siete Isles Canarias, origen, descubrimiento y conquista, an original manuscript-A.D. 1694.

These words belonging to the dialect spoken by the native Gomera are a proof that the language was of Berber extraction. In the reconstruction made by Mr. G. Marcy, a well known expert in Berber languages, the above mentioned sentence would be: "Ahel I-bes, huhak sa aben tamara-s", with the same meaning.

[The Early Inhabitants of the Canary Islands, By Alf Bajocco, 1965 Part II cont.
http://geocities.com/MotorCity/Factory/2583/Canary2.htm]

http://www.robertschoch.net/Guest_Articles/evidence_guanches.html
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Jennifer O'Dell

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   posted 08-12-2005 01:16 AM                       
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Didn't I read someplace that the Basques, Berbers and Guanches all share the same genetic traits or something like that..? Did they all arrive at their lands at the same time?
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Jennifer O'Dell

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   posted 08-12-2005 01:26 AM                       
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Here's another one from Crystal Links, this one on the Guanches:

Pyramids in Spain - Canary Islands

Six step pyramids were discovered in 1998 near Guimar, a town on the eastern shore of Tenerife Island, about 40 kilometers (24 miles) south of Santa Cruz de Tenerife - the Canary Islands. They are rubble-filled with facings of black volcanic stone and are the result of multiple episodes of construction. There are six step pyramids, reaching a maximum height of about 12 metres.?

? The main complex of three pyramids were found to be astronomically orientated with the sunset of the summer solstice. Stairways ascend from a level plaza to the top of each pyramid, where there is a flat summit platform covered with gravel.? The stairways are all on the west wall, suggesting a ceremonial purpose, because someone ascending them on the morning of the solstice would be directly facing the rising sun.

Spain's Canary Islands off the northwest coast of Africa hardly seem a place for pyramids, but there seem to be six of them on Tenerife. The inhabitants have generally ignored these dilapidated piles of black volcanic stones. However, one perceptive native described them to Thor Heyerdahl of Kon Tiki fame and a leading proponent of cultural diffusion across all oceans.

The Canary Islands had been part of the route Columbus took to the Americas. He stopped in Tenerife for provisions in 1492. The Guanches on Tenerife in 1492 did not permit Columbus or any other Europeans to land on their island. They were not impressed by the physical appearance of the bearded Europeans, who looked like the Guanches themselves. But when Columbus and the Europeans who followed in his wake landed in the New World they were welcomed and initially worshipped as gods, since the beardless Indians they encountered believed that the Spanish belonged to the same people as the legendary founders of their civilization, bearded men from across the Atlantic Ocean.

Evidence lead Heyerdahl and others involved in the project to believe that these pyramids may be remains from pre-European voyagers who sailed the Atlantic in ancient times, and may have possibly forged a link with the pre-Columbian civilizations of the Americas. They were neither terraces nor random piles of stone cleared by the Spaniards, as some had tried to explain them away. They were painstakingly built step-pyramids, constructed according to similar principles as those of Mexico, Peru, and ancient Mesopotamia. He is not sure why they were built.

Heyerdahl persuaded a Norwegian businessman to buy the site, clean up the debris of centuries and found a museum. One of the 'black' pyramids has now been restored, but some experts are still unconvinced. However, recent excavations under one pyramid have yielded artifacts identified with the Guanches, the pre-Spanish inhabitants of Tenerife.

The six pyramids in Tenerife are quite small, like training exercises for those in Central America.? They are found near Guimar, a town on the eastern shore of Tenerife Island, about 40 kilometers (24 miles) south of Santa Cruz de Tenerife.? Long dismissed by locals as mere piles of rubble, Norwegian explorer Thor Heyerdahl turned up and declared that they were indeed pyramids, not unlike those in Tucume, Peru that he had been studying.?

Far from being piles of unworked rubble, every stone was turned with its flat side out and placed together by stone masons.

With slopes of the volcano Mt. Teide at their back and facing the Atlantic, the edifices are precisely aligned according to the sunset on the summer solstice, as are other sacred structures in different parts of the world.

Carefully built stairways on the west side of each pyramid lead up to the summit, which is not a pile of stones, but a perfectly flat platform covered with gravel, as though for ceremonial performances and/or sun worship.

The stones were not weather-worn, rounded boulders, such as farmers had found in the fields, but sharp fragments of lava, and some of the corner stones had been trimmed.

Archaeologists from the University of La Laguna were contracted to do test excavations of a ceremonial platform between two of the pyramids. As predicted by Dr. Heyerdahl, they found that rather than being a random pile of stones as they had expected, it was built of blocks, gravel and earth.

Skeptics had to admit that this was definitely some kind of ceremonial architecture. Yet some still refused to admit that such impressive structures could have been built by the Guanche, the original inhabitants of Tenerife, and suggested that they might have been constructed by the early Christian conquistadores as a time measuring device to know when to celebrate the Catholic festivities of St. John.

The Canary Islands are a popular solution to the location of Atlantis, based on their location west of the Mediterranean, and their mountainous terrain ? they are part of a volcanic archipelago with marine trenches as deep as 3,000 metres and mountains as high as 3,718 meters above sea level.

Archaeological findings suggest that the original inhabitants were Berbers who arrived from north Africa around 200 B.C. However, some early navigators reported the Canarians as being a race of tall, blond-haired, blue-eyed people, perhaps suggesting northern European or Atlantean origins. ?


http://www.crystalinks.com/pyramidspain.html
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