Greek Mythology & the Origins of the World
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Kingdom of women
In their way to Colchis, the ARGONAUTS came first to the island of Lemnos, where the women had killed their fathers and husbands and lived without men, except for Hypsipyle, their queen, who had secretly saved her father. But this exception was not public yet, and later, when it was known, the women of Lemnos sold their own queen into slavery. Years later, the army of the SEVEN AGAINST THEBES met Hypsipyle in Nemea, where she was in charge of the little prince Opheltes 1 as his nurse. But in Lemnos, Jason fell in love with Hypsipyle and had children by her. One of them, Euneus 1, became later king of Lemnos, and is known for having sent ships from the island with cargoes of wine for the Achaeans during the Trojan War.
War by mistake
Having left Lemnos, the ARGONAUTS engaged by mistake in a battle against the Dolionians and killed their king, who had previously received them as guests:
King Cyzicus ruled an island in the Propontis. He received the ARGONAUTS with generous hospitality, but when they had left him, they were brought unaware to the same island by a storm that arose during the night. Cyzicus, thinking they were Pelasgian enemies, attacked them on the shore at night, and in the battle that ensued he was killed by Jason, or perhaps by Heracles 1. By day, when they realised what they had done, they mourned and gave Cyzicus a costly burial
Hylas and Heracles 1 lost for the expedition
Having come to Mysia, the ARGONAUTS lost Hylas, who was ravished away by NYMPHS. Hylas, a lover of Heracles 1, was a young man famous for his beauty, which is also why the NYMPHS carried him off. This happened when Hylas went to fetch water, while Heracles 1 cooked for the rest of the ARGONAUTS. When Hylas did not return Heracles 1 went to the woods to look for him, and as he cried his name "Hylas, Hylas, Hylas ...", the NYMPHS, fearing to be catched by him, transformed Hylas into an echo, so that when Heracles 1 cried his name he would hear back "Hylas, Hylas, Hylas ..."
Some say that Heracles 1, looking for Hylas, never joined his companions again. But then there are also those who say that Heracles 1 never sailed with the ARGONAUTS, explaining that at the time he served as a slave at the court of Omphale. Still others say that Heracles 1 was left in Thessaly because the "Argo" declared with its human voice that she could not bear his weight.
But yet others say that Heracles 1 left another Argonaut, Polyphemus 1, in charge of looking for Hylas, and himself went back to the ship. According to them, Polyphemus 1 remained in Mysia for good, founding a city Cius, which he ruled as king. He kept looking for Hylas until his death, but Hylas was never found again.
The Bebrycians
Next the ARGONAUTS came then to the land of the Bebrycians, where King Amycus 1, a son of Poseidon and Melie, a Bithynian Nymph, compelled strangers to box as a way of killing them. However this time he was killed by Polydeuces.
Phineus 2 and the HARPIES
Thence they put to sea and came to the court of Phineus 2, king and seer from Salmydessus in Thrace who had lost the sight of both eyes. He is variously alleged to have been blinded by the gods for foretelling men the future, or by Boreas 1 and the ARGONAUTS because he blinded his own sons at the instigation of their stepmother, or by Poseidon, because he revealed to the children of Phrixus 1 how they could sail from Colchis to Hellas. The gods also sent the HARPIES to him. These were winged female creatures, and when a table was laid for Phineus 2, they flew down from the sky and snatched up the food, and what little they left stank so that nobody could eat it. But the ARGONAUTS chased the HARPIES away, and being rid of them, Phineus 2 revealed to the ARGONAUTS the course of their voyage, and advised them about the Clashing Rocks in the sea.
The Clashing Rocks
These rocks were huge cliffs wrapped in mist, which, dashing against each other by the force of the winds, closed the sea passage making it impossible even for the birds to pass between them. Phineus 2 told the ARGONAUTS to let fly a dove between the rocks, and to watch if it passed safe through. Later they came to the place and released a dove, and when the rocks had recoiled after the bird had passed, they rowed hard and passed through. From that time the Clashing Rocks stand still because it was fated that they should come to rest completely once a ship had made the passage.
The HARPIES and the sons of Boreas 1 (North Wind)
Some say that the two sons of Boreas 1, the Argonauts Zetes and Calais, who had wings on head and feet, pursued the HARPIES through the air. It is told that it was fated that the HARPIES should perish by the hand of these brothers, and that they should die when they could not catch up a fugitive.
Yet it is not clear what finally happened to the HARPIES. Some affirm that they all died but one, but others assert that they suffered no harm, having sworn an oath that they would not wrong Phineus 2 any more.
Similarly, it is not clear what happened to Zetes and Calais. Some say that they died when chasing the HARPIES, but others affirm that they were later (after the return of the ARGONAUTS, and after the death of King Pelias 1) killed by Heracles 1, because they had persuaded the ARGONAUTS to leave him behind in Mysia.
Death of two ARGONAUTS
In the land of the Mariandynians, they were hospitably received by King Lycus 3 who was grateful because the ARGONAUTS had killed his enemy Amycus 1.
On a later occasion, Heracles 1 came to the court of Lycus 3 and helped him in a battle between him and the king of the Bebrycians, killing (among others) King Mygdon, brother of Amycus 1. As a result of this war, Lycus 3 annexed Bebrycian territories and called them Heraclea.
Here died Idmon 2, the seer, of a wound inflicted by a boar, and Tiphys, of a short illness.
Colchis
After having sailed past the Thermodon and the Caucasus, they arrived to Colchis, which was ruled by King Aeetes, the man who had received from Phrixus 1 the Golden Fleece. When the ARGONAUTS arrived, Jason met Aeetes and invited him to give him the Golden Fleece. Aeetes promised to give it if single-handed he would yoke the brazen-footed bulls (a gift he had received from Hephaestus), and with them sowed the Dragon's teeth (for he had got from Athena half of the dragon's teeth which Cadmus sowed in Thebes).
The king's daughter helps the handsome hero
While Jason was trying to figure up how to perform these capricious tasks, Medea, who was the king's daughter and a priestess of Hecate, fell in love with him. The girl then proposed him the following secret: she promised to help him to yoke the bulls and to give him the Golden Fleece, if he would marry her and take her with him to Hellas. And since ambition may give birth to any kind of promises to attain its aims, Jason swore to do so, and Medea gave him a drug to anoint his body, spear and shield with, which would protect him for one day against fire and iron, when he was about to yoke the bulls.
The king has no respect for his own word
Medea also anticipated that, when the teeth were sown, armed men would spring up from the ground against him, and that he should throw stones into their midst from a distance, so that they would fight each other, and that while they were busy in the fight he could draw near and kill them.
So Jason, anointed with the miraculous drug, yoke the bulls, and having sown the Dragon's teeth, killed the warriors that came up from the ground, following Medea's instructions.
However, Aeetes, who had apparently proposed these tasks only hoping for Jason's destruction, was not willing to give up the Golden Fleece, and started to plan the burning of the "Argo" and the destruction of its crew.
Medea helps Jason once more
But Medea brought Jason by night to the the place where the Golden Fleece hang, and put to sleep by her drugs the Dragon that guarded it. And while the dragon was asleep, the ARGONAUTS took the Golden Fleece, and having come to the ship, they sailed away by night in a hurry.
While Medea puts the Dragon to sleep, Jason , followed by Orpheus , takes the Golden Fleece
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Pursuit
King Aeetes started off in pursuit of the ARGONAUTS, but could not overtake them. During the ARGONAUTS' flight from Colchis, Medea killed or took part in the murder of her brother Apsyrtus, who also was on board. It is sometimes said that Medea cut his brother limb from limb and threw the pieces into the sea and that, gathering Apsyrtus' limbs, Aeetes fell behind in the pursuit. But some say that it was Jason who cut Apsyrtus into pieces, or that he was treacherously killed by Jason (with Medea's help), on an island in the mouth of the river Ister [Danube].
According to some, King Styrus of Albania, who had come to Colchis to marry Medea at the time when the ARGONAUTS arrived in the country, joined Aeetes in the pursuit, but drowned in the course of it.
Because of his son's death, King Aeetes returned to Colchis, but he sent many others to search for the ARGONAUTS, threatening that, if they did not bring his daughter back to him, they should suffer the punishment due to her.
The "Argo" speaks
In the meanwhile, because of the horrendous crime they had committed, the ARGONAUTS were driven out of course by means of the storms that Zeus sent. The "Argo" then spoke and said that they should seek purification with Circe, a witch living on the island called Aeaea, where they arrived, following the ship's words, after having sailed through the Sardinian and Tyrrhenian seas.
The witch Circe, who purified the ARGONAUTS for the murder of Apsyrtus, is sometimes said to be the daughter of Helius. But some affirm that she was the daughter of Aeetes by Hecate. Years later Circe received Odysseus and his comrades during their return from Troy. And when she had given Odysseus' comrades a potion and they had drunk it off, she smote them with her wand, and having transformed them into swines, she put them in the sties.
The SIRENS
When the ARGONAUTS had been purified by Circe, they sailed past the SIRENS, and Orpheus, by chanting a counter melody restrained all of them but Butes 1, who swam off to the SIRENS. However he was saved by Aphrodite, who carried him away and settled him in Lilybaeum (Sicily). This favourite of the goddess had two children by her, Eryx 1 and Polycaon 2. Eryx 1 became later king over the Elymi in Italy, but was killed by Heracles 1 for the sake of a bull.
Marriage
Having received help from the NEREIDS in order to avoid the danger of Scylla 1 and Charybdis, and still fleeing the Colchians, the ARGONAUTS came to Corcyra, said to be the land of the Phaeacians. Here the Colchians catched up, and having landed, they demanded that King Alcinous give up Medea. He answered that he would do so if Medea had not slept with Jason, but that in other case he would give her to Jason. But Queen Arete, anticipating matters, married Medea to Jason in the cave of Macris.
Back home
In their way back to Iolcus, the ARGONAUTS came to Crete, where Medea destroyed the brazen man Talos 1, and having sailed between Euboea and Locris, they finally came to Iolcus. The whole trip, they say, was completed in four months.
Jason's family decimated
In the meantime, King Pelias 1, still worried about his throne, caused Jason's parents to die. Aeson, father of Jason (and according to some brother of Pelias 1), threatened to death by the king, drank freely of a bull's blood and died. Some tell that Aeson's wife and Jason's mother was Alcimede 1, but others say Polymede, and still others Amphinome 2. Whoever was Aeson's wife, she died on the occasion, by drinking the bull's blood, or by hanging herself, or by the sword. But before dying, she uttered a curse against King Pelias 1. Also Promachus 2, Jason's brother, died together with his parents; some say he drank the bull's blood, but others affirm that Pelias 1 personally killed him.
It has also been told that Aeson was restored to youth by Medea, but his death, after this rejuvenation has never been reported.
Death of Pelias 1
On his return, Jason surrendered the Golden Fleece as it had been agreed, and travelling to the Isthmus of Corinth, he dedicated the "Argo" to Poseidon. Having fixed these practical details, he asked Medea, the woman who could solve all his troubles, to devise how he could punish Pelias 1.
So Medea went to the palace of Pelias 1, and persuaded his daughters to make mincemeat of their father and boil him, by promising them to make him young again by her drugs. When Pelias 1 was dead, Acastus, the king's son and one of the ARGONAUTS, became king, and having buried his father, or what was left of him, he expelled Jason and Medea from Iolcus.
Young princess better than foreign witch
Jason and Medea settled in Corinth, where they lived happily for ten years. Later however, Jason started to feel that a younger princess would make a more "representative wife" than a foreign witch. So he decided to marry the king's daughter and divorce his wife. When Medea discovered that, although being Jason's benefactress, she was treated with scorn, she decided to take vengeance. So with the help of poisonous drugs, she made a golden crown and bade her sons give it as a gift to their stepmother. When this was done, she killed her own sons and fled to Athens.
Some say that the young princess Glauce 4 took the gift, being burned to death along with Jason and Creon 3, her father. But others affirm that Jason, unable to endure the loss of both wife and children, killed himself. Still others say that Medea foretold him a foul death: the wreckage of the Argo would fall upon Jason and kill him.
Medea back in Colchis
Medea came to Athens but later, having plotted against Theseus, she was driven from the city. She, then, returned to Colchis, and finding that Aeetes had been deposed by his brother, Perses 3, she killed her uncle, and restored the kingdom to her father.
List of ARGONAUTS
Acastus, son of Pelias 1, joined the ARGONAUTS against his will. After his father's death he became king of Iolcus and expelled Jason and Medea from the city. He purified Peleus for having killed Eurytion 2 and received him in his home; but his wife Astydamia 3 fell in love with Peleus, and as he refused her she intrigued against him, telling Acastus that Peleus had attempted to seduce her. Acastus would not kill the man he had purified, but took him to hunt on Mount Pelion; and when Peleus had fallen asleep Acastus deserted him, hiding his sword. On arising and looking for his sword, Peleus was caught by the CENTAURS and would have perished, had he not been saved by Chiron. Acastus' mother is sometimes called Anaxibia 2, and at other times Phylomache. Anaxibia 2 is daughter of Bias 1, son of Amythaon 1, son of Cretheus 1, son of Aeolus 1. Phylomache is said to be daughter of Amphion 1 and Niobe 2, the mother of the NIOBIDS. Acastus' wife was either Astydamia 3, or Hippolyte 5, and by one of them he had daughters: Sterope 5, Sthenele 2, and Laodamia 2. Sthenele 2 married Menoetius 2 and had a son Patroclus 1. Laodamia 2 married Protesilaus and killed herself when he died at Troy. Acastus is also counted among the CALYDONIAN HUNTERS [Apd.1.9.10, 1.9.27, 3.13.1-3, 3.13.8; Arg.1.20ff.; Eur.Tro.1128; Hyg.Fab.24, 104; Ov.Met.8.299ff.; Pin.Nem.5.27ff.; Val.1.485, 1.695ff.].
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Atalanta
Atalanta and Meleager
"A husband will be your bane, O Atalanta; flee from the intercourse of husband; and yet you will not flee, and, though living, you will lose yourself." [The Oracle to Atalanta. Ovid, Metamorphoses 10.565]
Atalanta could defeat a man in wrestling, and surpassed the most swit-footed men in the contest of race, and whether Atalanta's fleetness or her beauty was more worthy of praise it was difficult to say. Atalanta sailed with the ARGONAUTS, and later killed the Calydonian Boar. She also slew many of her suitors, but enchanted by the Golden Apples of Aphrodite, she became first a wife, and then a lioness.
Atalanta exposed
Atalanta's father, whoever he was, for there is no agreement about the matter of his identity and name, desired a son, and being disappointed when Atalanta was born, he exposed her to die somewhere in Arcadia. But she survived, for a she-bear appeared and gave her suck until some hunters, having found her, brought her up.
Her strength and beauty
When Atalanta grew up, she became a most beautiful woman, but kept herself a virgin. She was very swift and used to surpass men in the race, and once she won a wrestling match against Peleus, who later became Achilles' father, during the games that were held in honour of King Pelias 1. Living and hunting in the wilderness, she remained always under arms, ready to defend herself, and, for example, when the CENTAURS Rhoecus and Hylaeus 1 tried to **** her, she shot them down and killed them both.
Negligence of Oeneus 2
Now, it happened that King Oeneus 2 of Calydon, while sacrificing the first fruits of the annual crops of the country to all the gods, forgot Artemis. This negligence upset the goddess, who sent a boar of huge size and strength, which prevented the land from being sown, and destroyed both cattle and people. In order to get rid of this ravaging beast, King Oeneus 2 assembled the noblest men of Hellas, who are now remembered as the CALYDONIAN HUNTERS, and promised to give the boar's skin as a prize to him who should kill it.
Hunting with a woman
Among these noble men came also Atalanta, who shortly before had sailed with the ARGONAUTS. However, there were those, like the Arcadians King Cepheus 2 of Tegea and Ancaeus 1, who disdained going hunting with a woman, but Oeneus 2's son Meleager, being in love with Atalanta (though he himself was already married to Cleopatra 4), compelled them to follow the chase with her.
Atalanta first to hit the boar
During the hunt, either because of fortune or hability or both, Atalanta was the first to shoot the boar with an arrow, and second Amphiaraus shot it in the eye, and finally Meleager came and killed it by a stab in the flank.
Prize disputed
When Meleager received the skin as a prize, he, being in love with Atalanta, gave it to the huntress. However, other hunters—the sons of Thestius 1—disliked the circumstance of a woman getting the prize in the face of men, and so they took the skin from her, arguing that it belonged to them by right of birth, if Meleager did not want it (for they were the brothers of Meleager's mother, that is, his uncles). Meleager then, losing his temper, slew them and gave the skin back to Atalanta, but Meleager's mother Althaea did not forgive him his having killed her brothers, and secured her own son's death.
Others have said, however, that the boar's skin caused a civil war between the Curetes—represented by the sons of Thestius 1—and the Calydonians—represented by Meleager—, and that the latter slew his mother's brothers in battle, himself perishing in the same war.
Conditions to marry her
When after these events Atalanta reunited with her father, she asked that she might remain a virgin. But as many sought her in marriage, her father set up a contest with the following rules: Each of Atalanta's suitors should contend with her in a race so that the man should flee unarmed, and she should pursue him with a weapon; if she overtook him within the limits of the race, she should kill him and fix his head up in the stadium, but if he was not caught up, his due was marriage.
Atalanta defeated
Many perished in this cruel race, the conditions of which she herself announced:
"I am not to be won till I be conquered first in speed. Wife and couch shall be given as prize unto the swift, but death shall be the reward of those who lag behind." [Atalanta to the suitors. Ovid, Metamorphoses 10.570]
But when Melanion—or, as others say, Hippomenes 2—was being pursued, he threw down the golden apples that he had received from Aphrodite, and Atalanta, picking up the dropped fruit, was beaten in the race.
Atalanta changes shape
On taking home his new wife, the fortunate suitor, forgetting that he had won by Aphrodite's favour, did not give thanks to the goddess. So while he was sacrificing on Mount Parnassus to Zeus to celebrate his victory, he was, through Aphrodite's anger, inflamed with desire and lay with Atalanta in the temple while the sacred images turned away their eyes. And because of this profanation, Zeus turned them into lion and lioness.
Yet others have said that his happened later, when once Atalanta and her husband (Melanion or Hippomenes 2) were hunting. They are said to have entered into the precinct of Zeus, and having made love in the temple, were changed into lions.
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[ 01-31-2006, 12:56 PM: Message edited by: Chronos ]
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"Plato, ambitious to elaborate and adorn the subject of the lost Atlantis, as if it were the soil of a fair estate unoccupied, but appropriately his by virtue of some kinship with Solon, began the work by laying out great porches, enclosures, and courtyards, such as no story, tale, or poesy ever had before. But he was late in beginning, and ended his life before his work. Therefore the greater our delight in what he actually wrote, the greater is our distress in view of what he left undone. For as the Olympieium in the city of Athens, so the tale of the lost Atlantis in the wisdom of Plato is the only one among many beautiful works to remain unfinished." [Plutarch, Parallel Lives Solon 32.1-2]
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KHARITES
Greek Singular:
Greek Plural:
CariV
CariteV Transliteration /
Latin Spellings: Kharis / Charis
Kharites / Charites Translation: Grace, Favour, Beauty
(kharis)
Roman Name: Gratis
Gratiae Translation: Grace, Favour
THE KHARITES were three goddesses of beauty, adornment, glory and magnificence, mirth and good-cheer, festivities and banquets, dancing and song.
They were attendants of the goddesses Aphrodite and Hera.
Various younger Kharites presided over the pleasures of life, including play and amusement, parties, banquets, floral decorations, rest, happiness, and relaxation.
Three Kharites were frequently depicted in classical art dancing in a circle.
.
PARENTS
[1.1] ZEUS & EURYNOME (Hesiod Theogony 907, Onomacritus Frag, Apollodorus 1.13, Callimachus Aetia Frag 6, Pausanias 9.35.1, Hyginus Preface)
[1.2] ZEUS & EUNOMIA (Orphic Hymn 60)
[2.1] HELIOS & AIGLE (Antimachus Frag, Pausanias 9.35.1, Suidas 'Aigles Kharites')
[3.1] HERA (Colluthus 88 & 174, Nonnus Dionysiaca 31.103)
[4.1] DIONYSOS (Anacreontea Frag 38)
[4.2] DIONYSOS & KRONOIS (Nonnus Dionysiaca 15.87 & 48.530)
K21.1 "The Three Graces"
Roman Fresco, Pompeii C1st AD
Naples, Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli
Detail: The three Kharites dancing arm in arm
NAMES
[1.1] AGLAIA, EUPHROSYNE, THALEIA (Hesiod Theogony 907, Pindar Olympian Ode 14, Apollodorus 1.13, Orphic Hymn 60, Pausanias 9.35.1)
[1.2] KHARIS (Homer Iliad 18.382, Pausanias 9.35.1)
[2.1] PASITHEA (Homer Iliad 14.231, Pausanias 9.35.1, Statius Thebaid 2.285, Nonnus Dionysiaca 15.87)
[3.1] AUXO, HEGEMONE, THALLO (Pausanias 9.35.1)
[4.1] PHAENNA, KLETA (Pausanias 3.18.6 & 9.35.1)
[5.1] PEITHO (Hermeseniax Frag, Pausanias 9.35.1)
[6.1] EUDAIMONIA, PAIDIA, PANDAISIA, PANNYKHIS, ANTHEIA (Ancient Greek Vase Painting)
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LIST OF KHARITES
AGLAIA was the Kharis goddess of beauty, adornment, splendour and glory. She was one of three Kharites, her sisters being Euphrosyne and Thalia. Aglaia was also the wife of the god Hephaistos.
ANTHEIA was the goddess of flowers and flowery wreaths worn at festivals and parties. She was one of the attendants of Aphrodite in Athenian vase painting.
AUXO The Kharis or Hora goddess of spring growth. She was worshipped at Athens alongside Damia and Hegemone.
EUDAIMONIA The goddess of happiness, prosperity and opulence.
She was one of a bevy of beautiful young goddesses that formed the retinue of Aphrodite (as depicted in ancient greek vase painting).
EUPHROSYNE The Kharis goddess of good cheer, joy, mirth and merriment. She was one of three sister Kharites, the other two being Aglaia and Thalia.
EUTHYMIA The Kharis goddess of good cheer, joy and contentment. She was usually called Euphrosyne.
HEGEMONE A Kharis worshipped at Athens along with Auxo and Damia.
KALLEIS The Kharis goddess of beauty. She was usually called Aglaia.
KHARIS The Kharis wife of the god Hephaistos. She was also known as Aglaia.
KLETA The Kharis goddess of fame and glory. She was one of two Kharites worshipped by the Spartans, the other being Phaenna.
PAIDIA The goddess of play and amusement. Paidia, like most of Aphrodite's attendants, is not mentioned in any surviving classical literature. She is, however, frequently depicted beside the goddess in ancient vase painting.
PANDAISIA The goddess of rich banquets. She appears in Athenian vase painting as an attendant of the goddess Aphrodite.
PANNYKHIS The goddess of night festivities and parties. She was one of the attendants of Aphrodite, as depicted in Athenian vase painting.
PASITHEA The Kharis wife of Hypnos god of sleep. She was the goddess of relaxation and perhaps hallucinatory drugs.
PEITHO The goddess of seduction and persuasion. She was sometimes numbered amongst the Kharites.
PHAENNA One of two Kharites worshipped by the Spartans. The other was Kleta.
THALIA The Kharis goddess of festive celebrations and rich and luxurious banquets. She was one of three Kharites, the other two being Aglaia and Euphrosyne.
.
Greek Names
(Individuals):
Aglaih Aglaia
Eufrosunh
Qalih Qalia
Transliteration /
Latin Spellings: Aglaię, Aglaia / Aglaea
Euphrosynę
Thalię, Thalia
Translations: Glory, Beauty, Adornment (aglaios)
Good Cheer, Mirth
(euphrosynos)
Festivity, Rich Feast
(thalia)
Greek Names
(Individuals):
CariV
Pasiqea
Transliteration /
Latin Spellings: Kharis / Charis
Pasithea
Translations: Grace, Favour (kharis)
Acquired-Goddess
Greek Names
(Individuals):
KalleiV
Euqumia
Transliteration /
Latin Spellings: Kalleis / Calleis
Euthymia
Translations: Beauty (kallos)
Good Cheer, Joy
Greek Names
(Individuals):
Faenna
Klhta
Transliteration /
Latin Spellings: Phaenna
Klęta / Cleta
Translations: Shining, Radiant
(phaennos)
Fame, Glory (klętos)
Greek Names
(Individuals):
Auxw
`Hgemonh
Transliteration: Auxô
Hęgemonę
Translations: Growth (auxęsis)
Queen, Leader
(hęgemonos)
Greek Names
(Individuals):
Eudaimonia
Paidia
Pandaisia
Transliteration: Eudaimonia
Paidia
Pandaisia
Translations: Prosperity, Happiness, Opulence (eudaimonia)
Play, Amusement
(paidia, paizô)
Banquet (pandaisia)
Greek Names
(Individuals):
PannuciV
Anqeia
Transliteration: Pannykhis / Pannychis
Antheia
Translations: Night Festivities,
Parties (pannychis)
Flowers, Blossoms
(antheôn)
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The one true academic search for Atlantis begins at Atlantis Online:
http://atlantisonline.smfforfree2.com/index.php
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Posts: 1008 | From: various | Registered: Jul 2004
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