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HISTORY OF CUBA

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Bianca
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« on: February 28, 2008, 03:42:13 pm »









A census of Cuba in 1774 indicated a total population of 161,670 and by 1817 it had
grown to 553,033.

Havana's population of 70,000 had surpassed that of early New York City.

Secessionist movements broke out in 1809 and continued off and on. A former colonel
in the Royal Spanish Army, Narcisso Lopez, fled to the U.S. in 1849 under suspicion of
overthrowing the Spanish government. He quickly gathered support against the Spanish
oppression of the local Cubans, but his first liberating invasion of Cuba from U.S. soil
failed. He quickly organized another invasion party of about 450 sympathizers and
landed at Cardenas, Cuba. Lopez did not have the support of the local Cuban citizens
and had to return to Key West in failure. It was not yet time for a large-scale Cuban
 revolt. Spanish/Cuban relations festered, and in 1868, Cuba's longest and bloodiest
war, the Ten Years' War, started. The war produced 200,000 Cuban and Spanish com-
bined casualties. In addition, there was great property damage.

Many prominent Cubans fled to Key West. This is also known as the Great Thirty Year
War as it effectively continued to 1898.

Vicente Martinez Ybor, a Cuban exile, opened a cigar factory, the El Principe de Gales,
in Key West. (This marked the beginning of Havana cigar manufacturing in the U.S.)
The San Carlos Institute was dedicated in Key West on January 21, 1871, named after
Carlos M. de Cespedes. Cespedes, a distinguished lawyer and Cuban planter, was one
of the first to issue the cry of "Cuba Libre" in 1868. His son was elected mayor of Key
West in 1876. Key West became a political-financial center that supported civil unrest
in Cuba. The U.S. did not intervene, as it was recovering from its Civil War in 1865.

Cuba's Civil War was over in 1878, but conflict continued. The revolution of 1895 was
orchestrated almost single-handedly by Jose Julian Marti. Marti rallied military leaders,
raised funds and organized expeditions. Much, but not most, of the funds were raised
in Key West. On February 24, 1895, open rebellion in Cuba broke out. President William
McKinley asked Spain for American mediation, but Spain refused. When the U.S. battle-
ship USS Maine exploded in Havana harbor (February 15, 1898), the U.S. public de-
manded war with Spain. The reason the battleship exploded remains unknown.
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