T H E R E L I G I O U S B A C K G R O U N D
THE ROYAL SED FESTIVAL continued
In many cases, mention of a sed-festival does not constitute evidence for an act-
ual celebration. Every pharaoh hoped to complete 30 years of rule and to be re-
generated in a sed-festival, often articulating this wish in formulaic expressions from
the very beginning of his reign; real celebrations of the festival cannot be inferred
from such statements.
Kings especially counted on continuing their festivals of renewal after their deaths -
thus, for example, the young Tutankhamun was wished "millions of years and hund-
reds of thousands of sed-festivals" - and inscriptions containing such wishes were
often carved on buildings dedicated to their continued existence.
FRESCO OF AMENOPHIS III' S SED-FESTIVAL
Pharaoh wore a special vestment during most of the ceremonies of the festival, a
mantle-like garment that also distinguished statues prepared for the sed-festival
from other statues. Akhenaten affords the earliest example of a god who was also
able to celebrate a sed-festiva; later Osiris, in particular, was included in its sybol-
ism, for the desired regeneration played a special role in his case.
Otherwise, however, the festival was a renewal of rulership, a purely royal festival.
Officials participated as supernumeraries, but they could celebrate no sed-festivals
of their own.
