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Astrology into Astronomy

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Bianca
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« on: January 30, 2008, 08:59:45 am »








Timeline of Astrology/Astronomy
 




This is a timeline of important events in astronomical history. Some events which are not specifically astronomical in nature are listed to give historical perspective as to what was happening in those times.

Date
Location
Event



3,200 B.C.

Ireland

Newgrange is built.



3,000 B.C.

England

Stonehenge is built.



~2,000 B.C.

Egypt and Mesopotamia

First solar-lunar calendars



~280 B.C.

            Samos (Alexandria)

Aristrachus suggests the Earth revolves around the Sun. He provides first estimation of Earth-Sun distance.



~240 B.C.

            Cyrene (now Shahhat, Libya)

Eratosthenes measures the circumference of the earth with surprising accuracy!



~130 B.C.

            Greece

Hipparchus develops the first acccurate star map and star catalogue with over 850 of the brightest stars.



45 B.C.

Roman Empire

Introduction of the Julian calendar, a purely solar calendar, to the Roman Empire.



140 A.D.

Greece

Ptolemy suggests geocentric theory of the universe in famous work Mathematike Syntaxis.



813 A.D.

Iraq

Al Mamon founds the Baghdad school of astronomy.



1054 A.D.

China

Chinese astronomers observe supernova in Taurus.



1543 A.D.

Poland

Copernicus publishes his heliocentric theory of the Universe.



1572 A.D.

Denmark

Tycho Brahe discovers a supernova in constellation of Cassiopeia.



1582 A.D.

Italy

Pope Gregory XIII introduces the Gregorian calendar.



1603 A.D.

Germany

Johann Bayer introduces Bayer designation of stars, assigning Greek letters to stars, still in use today.



1608 A.D.

Netherlands

Hans Lippershey, a Dutch spectacles maker invents the telescope.



1609 A.D.

Italy

Galileo uses telescope for astronomical purposes. He discovers 4 Jovian moons, the Moon's craters and the Milky Way galaxy.



1609 A.D.

Germany

Kepler's First and Second Laws of Planetary Motions are announced.



1609 A.D.

Germany

The Third Law of Planetary Motion is announced by Kepler in his work Harmonice Mudi (Harmony of the World).



1656 A.D.

Netherlands

Christian Huygens discovers Saturn's rings and Titan, the fourth satellite of Saturn.



1659 A.D.

Netherlands

Huygens notes markings on Mars.



1666 A.D.

Italy

Martian polar ice caps are noted by Cassini.



1668 A.D.

England

The first reflecting telescope was built by Newton.



1669 A.D.

Italy

Geminiano Montanari discovers the star Algol is not steady in brightness, thus recognizing the first variable star.



1675 A.D.

France

While in Paris, Danish astronomer Ole Romer measures the speed of light.



1675 A.D.

France

Cassini discovers that Saturn's rings are split into two parts, so that today the gap is called the "Cassini Division".



1687 A.D.

England

Newton publishes his theory of universal gravitation in the work Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica. This is seen to be the start of Modern Astronomy.



1705 A.D.

England

Halley correctly predicts the return of a comet (Halley's comet) in 1758.



1758 A.D.

Germany

Johann Palitzsch observes Halley's comet as predicted by Halley in 1705.



1781 A.D.

England

The discovery of Uranus by Herschel



1781 A.D.

France

Messier discovers galaxies, nebula and star clusters while looking comets. He compiles a catalogue of these objects (Messier objects).



1801 A.D.

Italy

Piazzi discovers first asteroid, Ceres.



1842 A.D.

Austria

Discovery of the 'Doppler Effect' by Austrian physicist and mathematician, Christian Doppler.



1843 A.D.

Germany

Samuel Heinrich Schwabe describes the sunspot cycle.



1846 A.D.

Germany

Johann Galle observes and discovers Neptune. His observations were prompted by mathematical calculations by French astronomer Joseph Leverrier and English astronomer John Couch Adams.



1860-63 A.D.

England

The beginning of spectral analysis of stars by Sir William Huggins



1868 A.D.

England

Jansen and Lockyer observe solar prominences.



1872 A.D.

U.S.A.

Henry Draper takes a photograph of the stellar spectrum of Vega. This is the first of its kind.



1877 A.D.

U.S.A.

Asaph Hall discovers Phobos and Deimos, the moons of Mars.



1877 A.D.

Italy

Schiapparelli observes the canals on Mars.



1878 A.D.

Jupiter

The Great Red Spot on Jupiter becomes prominent.
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