Message #61644

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Table 1. Frequency of Haplogroup X mtDNAs in Native American and Asian Populations
   



Population

(n) Frequency of Haplogroup X
(%) Reference(s)



Native Americans     


    Na-Dene     
        Haida (41) . . . Ward et al. (1993)
        Dogrib (30) . . . Torroni et al. (1993a)
        Apache (25) . . . Torroni et al. (1993a)
        Navajo (92) 6.5 Torroni et al. (1993a), present study


    Amerindians:     
        North America:     


            Northern Ojibwa (28) 25.0 Torroni et al. (1993a), present study
            Southern Ojibwa (35) 25.7 Scozzari et al. (1997), present study
            Sioux (41) 14.6 Bianchi and Bailliet (1997)
            Nuu-Chah-Nulth (15) 13.3 Torroni et al. (1993a), present study
            Nuu-Chah-Nulth (63) 11.1* Ward et al. (1991)
            Yakima (42) 4.8* Shields et al. (1993)
            Bella Coola (40) . . . Ward et al. (1993)
            Pima (30) . . . Torroni et al. (1993a)
            Seminole (37) . . . Huoponen et al. (1997)


        Central America (243) . . . Torroni et al. (1993a, 1994a, 1994c), Kolman et al. (1995)

        South America (451) . . . Ginther et al. (1993), Horai et al. (1993), Torroni et al. (1993a), Easton et al. (1996), Ribeiro-Dos-Santos et al. (1996)

    American Eskimos (22) . . . Shields et al. (1993)
Asians     
    Siberian:     
        Eskimos (157) . . . Ivanova (1993), Shields et al. (1993), Torroni et al. (1993b), Starikovskaya et al. (1998)
        Chukchi (66) . . . Starikovskaya et al. (1998)
        Koryak (107) . . . T. Schurr and D. C. Wallace (unpublished data)
        Nivkhs (57) . . . Torroni et al. (1993b)
        Evenks (51) . . . Torroni et al. (1993b)
        Udegeys (45) . . . Torroni et al. (1993b)
    Tibetans (54) . . . Torroni et al. (1994b)
    Mongolians (103) . . . Kolman et al. (1996)
    Koreans (319) . . . Ballinger et al. (1992), Lee et al. (1997)
    Malaysian Chinese (14) . . . Ballinger et al. (1992)
    Taiwanese Han (20) . . . Ballinger et al. (1992)
    Vietnamese (28) . . . Ballinger et al. (1992)
    Malays (14) . . . Ballinger et al. (1992)
    Malay Aborigines (32) . . . Ballinger et al. (1992)


* Putative and obtained from literature report---only partial CR sequence was available. These samples have the 16223T and 16278T CR mutations and do not belong to Native American mtDNA haplogroups A--D; thus it is probable that they are members of haplogroup X.


Table 115 shows that 1,039 Asian people were genetically tested and none showed haplogroup X. In a follow-up study16 they tested an additional 790 Asians and they finally found seven people who could be classified as belonging to haplogroup X.