EVIDENCE OF ATLANTIS

The RED Race

Another statement made in reading 364-3 is that Atlantis was home to what is termed the “RED race” and evidence of Atlantis could be found in America. Since the American Indian is the only “red race” left, it makes sense to conclude that some of the remaining tribes should show some genetic evidence of an unknown ancestor. Conventional theories on the origins of the North American Indian center on the migration of people across the former land bridge spanning the Bering Strait (Beringia) from Siberia. Genetic studies to date seem to bear this out. Approximately 97% of all North American Indians fall into four major (or founder) haplogroups designated A,B,C and D. Briefly, a haplogroup can be defined as a cluster of similar haplotypes. A haplotype (contraction of “haploid” and “genotype”) is a set of closely linked alleles that are inherited as a unit with an allele being one of several different forms of a gene occupying a particular location on a chromosome. So all four of these haplogroups show a strong Mongoloid component which would support the contention of an eastern Siberian people migrating into western America and then fanning out eventually across the entire country. Recently, however, a fifth haplogroup has also been proposed. This is because some tribes exhibit genetic characteristics that preclude them from being designated in the above four groups. They have been assigned a fifth, albeit minor, founding lineage designated as “X”. Unlike haplogroups A,B,C and D, haplogroup X is also found at low frequencies in modern European populations (~4%). It is virtually absent from Asian populations (see Table 1). A recent study concluded:

In studies of Native American mtDNA diversity, the co-occurrence of the same haplogroup at significant frequencies in both the modern Native American and European populations is unique. Recent European genetic admixture cannot explain the presence of haplogroup X in the Amerindians. First, if the occurrence of haplogroup X were the result of female gene flow from Europeans, then other, more common European mtDNA haplogroups should also be present in the northern Native Americans, and they are not. Second, the Native American and European mtDNAs are very different and are connected only through an ancient common ancestor. Hence, Native American and European haplogroup X mtDNAs diverged long ago. Finally, Native American haplogroup X mtDNAs encompass substantial continent-specific diversity, implying an ancient arrival in America. Thus, haplogroup X represents a fifth founding mtDNA haplogroup for the Native Americans, supporting the conclusions of Bailliet et al. (1994), Forster et al. (1996), and Scozzari et al. (1997).14

Of course this was extremely controversial in light of the currently accepted theories of North Amerindian origins involving land bridges over the Bering Strait. Since almost all of the tribes exhibiting haplogroup X are centered around the northern Great Lakes area and east of there, and no Asian group had been found with haplogroup X, it makes sense to conclude there was a land bridge (Atlantis) between northeastern America and Europe. Of course this conclusion was not a viable option so they concluded that they didn’t sample enough Asian populations.