Jaime Manuschevich
Member
Member # 3005
Rate Member posted 05-10-2006 09:05 AM
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Originally posted by Tom Hebert1:
Let's be honest. The vast majority of individuals think that the notion of Atlantis is one big fantasy. So, in that sense, we are all in the same boat.
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I agree with you who the majority thinks that, but is a great error. Atlantis were a real fact and underneath its history is the beginning of the civilization. Here I am going to very recently add data of a study published on the origin of bull - key animal of the myth - and the Spanish ass, that they indicate when and from where came the colonization from that peninsula by peoples agriculturists and cattle dealers. And it is that place is not the mysterious center of the Atlantic or America.
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AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Prehistoric contacts over the Straits of Gibraltar indicated by genetic analysis of Iberian Bronze Age cattle
Cecilia Anderung , Abigail Bouwman , Per Persson , José Miguel Carretero , Ana Isabel Ortega , Rengert Elburg , Colin Smith, Juan Luis Arsuaga, Hans Ellegren, and Anders Götherström.
Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden;
Faculty of Life Sciences, Jackson's Mill, University of Manchester, Manchester M60 1QD, United Kingdom;
Department of Archaeology, Gothenburg University, Box 200, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden;
Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos, Edificio I+D+i, Plaza Misael de Bańuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain;
I/O-Graph Germany, Buchenstrasse 3, D-01097 Dresden, Germany; ||Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, C/Jose Gutierrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
Centro Universidad Complutense de Madrid-Instituto de Salud Carlos III de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, C/Sinesio Delgado, 4, Pabellón 14, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Contributed by Juan Luis Arsuaga, April 25, 2005
The geographic situation of the Iberian Peninsula makes it a natural link between Europe and North Africa. However, it is a matter of debate to what extent African influences via the Straits Gibraltar have affected Iberia's prehistoric development. Because early African pastoralist communities were dedicated to cattle breeding, a possible means to detect prehistoric African–Iberian contacts might be to analyze the origin of cattle breeds on the Iberian Peninsula. Some contemporary Iberian cattle breeds show a mtDNA haplotype, T1, that is characteristic to African breeds, generally explained as being the result of the Muslim expansion of the 8th century A.D., and of modern imports. To test a possible earlier African influence, we analyzed mtDNA of Bronze Age cattle from the Portalón cave at the Atapuerca site in northern Spain. Although the majority of samples showed the haplotype T3 that dominates among European breeds of today, the T1 haplotype was found in one specimen radiocarbon dated 1800 calibrated years B.C. Accepting T1 as being of African origin, this result indicates prehistoric African–Iberian contacts and lends support to archaeological finds linking early African and Iberian cultures. We also found a wild ox haplotype in the Iberian Bronze Age sample, reflecting local hybridization or backcrossing or that aurochs were hunted by these farming cultures.
ancient DNA | aurochs | Iberian cattle | mithochondrial DNA | Africa
Author contributions: A.G. designed research; C.A., A.B., C.S., and A.G. performed research; J.M.C., A.I.O., R.E., J.L.A., H.E., and A.G. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; C.A., P.P., C.S., J.L.A., H.E., and A.G. analyzed data; and C.A. wrote the paper.
Abbreviation: cal, calibrated years.
Data deposition: The sequences reported in this paper have been deposited in the GenBank database (accession nos. AY847188–AY847219).
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
anders.gotherstrom@ebc.uu.se .
© 2005 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA
This article has been cited by other articles in HighWire Press-hosted journals: (Search Google Scholar for Other Citing Articles)
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La Vanguardia´ publishes that the brave bull "is son of immigration"
09.05.06
Filed in Miscelánea (PD/Agencias).
The brave bull is not in fact of Spanish origin, but that descends from head of cattle that arrived by sea from Africa and which they were crossed animals coming from the bovines east of Europe and wild, according to an international equipment of genetist that has reconstructed the history of the European cattle.
Josep Corbella writes in the Vanguard that the Catalan ass also has an African origin: he descends from asses domesticated in Africa, probably in some place between Somalia and Egypt, according to have demonstrated investigators of the same equipment.
The investigators in the Proceedings magazine, of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, that presented its results yesterday, write: "the domestication of the cattle from the wild uros was an important step in the history of the humanity, that took to deep changes in the diet, the behavior and the socioeconomic structure of many populations".
It was domesticated at least twice
Archaeological studies indicate that the bovines ones were domesticated at least twice, the one in Middle East and other in the valley of the Hindu, and who the domestication began about 11,000 years ago. The little genetic data available until now made think that the present European cattle descend from the head of cattle domesticated in Middle East, that extended by the continent throughout the Neolithic one. But the genetic analysis of five uros that lived between ago 7,000 and 17,000 years, discovered recently in Italy, next to the analysis of more than thousand present head of cattle, demonstrates now that history was not so simple. The first unexpected result of the investigation is that the animals "coming from Middle East crossed themselves native uros", declared yesterday Carles Lalueza, biologist of the Universitat of Barcelona and coauthor of the work.
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