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Iran-Contra Affair

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Firefly
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« Reply #15 on: November 02, 2007, 03:15:28 pm »

Notes
1.   ^ Hart, Robert (2004-06-02). NYT's apologies miss the point. Consortium News.
2.   ^ a b Excerpts From the Iran-Contra Report: A Secret Foreign Policy. New York Times (1994).
3.   ^ *Rockwell, Kara (2005-03-10). A tale of three countries: The Iran-Contra affair. AnswerPoint.org (Central Rappahannock Regional Library).
4.   ^ *Wolf, Julie (2000). The Iran-Contra affair. The American Experience: Reagan. PBS / WGBH.
5.   ^ a b c Reagan, Ronald (1986-12-13). Address to the nation on the Iran arms and Contra aid controversy. Ronald Reagan Presidential Library / National Archives and Records Administration.
6.   ^ "[...]a single transaction which wd be preceded by a release of hostages" Iran-Contra: White House e-mail. CNN.
7.   ^ National Security Archive (1990?). The Contras, ****, and covert operations: Documentation of official U.S. knowledge of drug trafficking and the Contras. The National Security Archive / George Washington University.
8.   ^ a b Tuck, Megan (1998). "An affair to remember: The extent of Reagan’s knowledge in the Iran-Contra affair". Perspectives: The Daviess County High School Journal of Social Sciences. Daviess County High School. 
9.   ^ a b Hucul, Gary (2006-04-25). The tragedy of Iran. crisispapers.com.
10.   ^ globalsecurity.org (2005). Military history of the Iran-Iraq war, 1980-1988. globalsecurity.org.
11.   ^ a b c Jewish Virtual Library. The Iran-Contra affair. The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise.
12.   ^ a b c d PBS; WGBH (2000). Timeline of Ronald Reagan's life. The American Experience: Reagan. PBS / WGBH.
13.   ^ Thrall, Nathan (June 2007). How the Reagan Administration Taught Iran the Wrong Lessons. Middle East Review of International Affairs. Retrieved on 2007-06-11.
14.   ^ Independent Council for Iran/Contra Matters (1993). United States v. Robert C. McFarlane. Final report of the independent council for Iran/Contra matters. Independent Council for Iran/Contra Matters.
15.   ^ Walsh, Lawrence (1993-08-04). Vol. I: Investigations and prosecutions. Final report of the independent counsel for Iran/Contra matters. Independent Council for Iran/Contra Matters.
16.   ^ a b c Avery, Steve (2005). Irangate: Iran-Contra affair, 1985-1992. U-S-History.com.
17.   ^ Ranstorp, Magnus, Hizb'allah in Lebanon : The Politics of the Western Hostage Crisis, New York, St. Martins Press, 1997 p.98-9
18.   ^ Louis Fisher (October 1989). "How Tightly Can Congress Draw the Purse Strings?". American Journal of International Law 83 (4): 758–766. Retrieved on 2006-10-10. 
19.   ^ a b Sullivan, Kevin and Mary Jordan. "In Central America, Reagan Remains A Polarizing Figure", The Washington Post, June 10, 2004. Retrieved on 2007-06-18. 
20.   ^ 1985–1992 Irangate. U-S-History.com.
21.   ^ Cave, George. Why Secret 1986 U.S.-Iran “Arms for Hostages” Negotiations Failed. Washington report on middle eastern affairs (wrmea.com).
22.   ^ Ronald W Reagan. kipnotes.com.
23.   ^ "IN SUMMARY; Nicaragua Downs Plane and Survivor Implicates C.I.A", New York Times. 
24.   ^ "HASENFUS TEMPERS COMMENTS ON C.I.A", New York Times. 
25.   ^ "WHITE HOUSE SHAKE-UP: A TASK IS HANDED TO STATE DEPT.; Poindexter and North Have Limited Options", New York Times. 
26.   ^ Tower Commission. Tower commission report excerpts. The Tower Commission report.
27.   ^ Price, Asher (2002-06-28). Unwise men. The New Republic. Retrieved on 2006-05-14.
28.   ^ PHILIP SHENON. "NORTH, POINDEXTER AND 2 OTHERS INDICTED ON IRAN-CONTRA FRAUD AND THEFT CHARGES", New York Times. 
29.   ^ Jane Mayer and Doyle McManus, LANDSLIDE: The Unmaking of The President, 1984-1988. Houghton Mifflin, (1988) p.292 and 437
30.   ^ Benhoff, Michael (March/April 1989). More gloss for the Gipper: The myth of Reagan's "enormous popularity". FAIR: Fairness & Accuracy In Reporting.
31.   ^ Ranstorp, Magnus, Hizb'allah in Lebanon : The Politics of the Western Hostage Crisis, New York, St. Martins Press, 1997 p.203
32.   ^ Zinn, Howard. A People's History of the United States. New York: Perennial, 2003. p.587-588 ISBN 0060528370
33.   ^ FBI (1986). The 'Christic Institute' lawsuit - Avirgan and Honey v. Hull, et al.. FBI.
34.   ^ National Security Archive (2004-02-26). The Oliver North file: His diaries, e-mail, and memos on the Kerry report, Contras and drugs. National Security Archive electronic briefing book No. 113. National Security Archive.
35.   ^ Cockburn, Alexander; Jeffrey St. Clair (1998). Whiteout, the CIA, drugs and the press. New York: Verso. ISBN 1-85984-258-5. 
36.   ^ Selections from the Senate Committee Report on Drugs, Law Enforcement and Foreign Policy chaired by Senator John F. Kerry. HTML. Retrieved on October 24, 2006.
37.   ^ THE CIA-CONTRA-CRACK **** CONTROVERSY: A REVIEW OF THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT’S INVESTIGATIONS AND PROSECUTIONS Chapter X. Retrieved on 2007-07-05.
38.   ^ Celerino "Cele" Castillo III. Retrieved on 2007-07-05.
39.   ^ Webb, Gary, Gary Webb. "Iran-Contra articles", San Jose Mercury News, 1996. (English) 
40.   ^ Webb, Gary (1998). Dark alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the crack **** explosion. Seven Stories. ISBN 1-888363-68-1. 
41.   ^ Mysterious Mena: CIA Discloses, Leach Disposes. Wall Street Journal (January 29, 1997). Retrieved on October 24, 2006.
42.   ^ Frederick Hitz (1998). "CIA Inspector General report into allegations of connections between CIA and the Contras in **** trafficking to the United States". CIA.
43.   ^ Sam Stanton (2004). "Reporter's suicide confirmed by coroner". The Sacramento Bee.
44.   ^ Bush, George H. W. (1992-12-24). Proclamation 6518 - Grant of Executive Clemency. White House. Retrieved on 2006-07-26.
45.   ^ Duncan Campbell. Bush nominees under fire for link with contras. The Guardian. Retrieved on 2006-10-12.
46.   ^ Return of the Iran-Contra brigade. The Observer. Retrieved on 2006-10-12.
47.   ^ Personnel Announcement. The White House. Retrieved on 2006-10-10.
48.   ^ BIOGRAPHY. Retrieved on 2006-10-10.
49.   ^ President Congratulates America's First Director and Deputy Director of National Intelligence. The White House. Retrieved on 2006-10-10.
50.   ^ John Sutherland. "No more Mr Scrupulous Guy", The Guardian. Retrieved on 2006-10-10. 
51.   ^ David Espo and Liz Sidoti. "Bush Says Rumsfeld Is Stepping Down", Associated Press. Retrieved on 2006-11-08. 
52.   ^ Personnel Announcement. The White House. Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
[edit] Sources
•   Avery, Steve (2005). Irangate: Iran-Contra affair, 1985-1992. U-S-History.com. Retrieved on 2006-09-13.
•   Benhoff, Michael (March/April 1989). More gloss for the Gipper: The myth of Reagan's "enormous popularity". FAIR: Fairness & Accuracy In Reporting. Retrieved on 2006-09-13.
•   Cockburn, Alexander; Jeffrey St. Clair (1998). Whiteout, the CIA, drugs and the press. New York: Verso. ISBN 1-85984-258-5. 
•   FBI (1986). The 'Christic Institute' lawsuit - Avirgan and Honey v. Hull, et al.. FBI. Retrieved on 2006-09-13.
•   globalsecurity.org (2005). Military history of the Iran-Iraq war, 1980-1988. globalsecurity.org. Retrieved on 2006-09-13.
•   Frederick Hitz (1998). "CIA Inspector General report into allegations of connections between CIA and the Contras in **** trafficking to the United States". CIA. Retrieved on 2006-09-13.
•   Hucul, Gary (2006-04-25). The tragedy of Iran. crisispapers.org. Retrieved on 2006-05-14.
•   Independent Council for Iran/Contra Matters (1993). United States v. Robert C. McFarlane. Final report of the independent council for Iran/Contra matters. Independent Council for Iran/Contra Matters. Retrieved on 2006-09-13.
•   Jewish Virtual Library. The Iran-Contra affair. The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. Retrieved on 2006-09-13.
•   National Security Archive (2004-02-26). The Oliver North file: His diaries, e-mail, and memos on the Kerry report, Contras and drugs. National Security Archive electronic briefing book No. 113. National Security Archive / George Washington University. Retrieved on 2006-09-13.
•   National Security Archive (1990?). The Contras, ****, and covert operations: Documentation of official U.S. knowledge of drug trafficking and the Contras. National Security Archive / George Washington University. Retrieved on 2006-09-13.
•   Parry, Robert (2004-06-02). NYT's apologies miss the point. Consortium News. Retrieved on 2006-09-13.
•   PBS; WGBH (2000). Timeline of Ronald Reagan's life. The American Experience: Reagan. PBS / WGBH. Retrieved on 2006-09-13.
•   Price, Asher (2002-06-28). Unwise men. The New Republic. Retrieved on 2006-05-14.
•   Reagan, Ronald (1986-12-13). Address to the nation on the Iran arms and Contra aid controversy. Ronald Reagan Presidential Library / National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved on 2006-09-03.
•   Rockwell, Kara (2005-03-10). A tale of three countries: The Iran-Contra affair. AnswerPoint.org (Central Rappahannock Regional Library). Retrieved on 2006-09-13.
•   Thrall, Nathan (June 2007). How the Reagan Administration Taught Iran the Wrong Lessons. Middle East Review of International Affairs. Retrieved on 2007-06-11.
•   Tower Commission. Tower commission report excerpts. The Tower Commission report. Retrieved on 2006-09-13.; See also "The Politics of Scandal: The Tower Commission and Iran-Contra," in Kenneth Kitts, Presidential Commissions and National Security: The Politics of Damage Control (Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2006).
•   Tuck, Megan (1998). An affair to remember: The extent of Reagan’s knowledge in the Iran-Contra affair. Daviess County High School. Retrieved on 2006-05-14.
•   U.S. Congress (1987-11-13). Report of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran-Contra Affair (S. Rep. No. 216, H.R. Rep. No. 433, 100th Cong., 1st Sess.). Government Printing Office, via Google Books. Retrieved on 2007-4-3.
•   Bush, George H. W. (1992-12-24). Proclamation 6518 - Grant of Executive Clemency. White House. Retrieved on 2006-07-26.
•   Walsh, Lawrence (1993-08-04). Vol. I: Investigations and prosecutions. Final report of the independent counsel for Iran/Contra matters. Independent Council for Iran/Contra Matters. Retrieved on 2006-09-13.
•   Webb, Gary. "Iran-Contra articles", San Jose Mercury News, 1996. Retrieved on 2006-09-13. (English) 
•   Webb, Gary (1998). Dark alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the crack **** explosion. Seven Stories. ISBN 1-888363-68-1. 
•   Wolf, Julie (2000). The Iran-Contra affair. The American Experience: Reagan. PBS / WGBH. Retrieved on 2006-09-13.
•   Arthur L. Liman. "Hostile Witnesses", The Washington Post Magazine, 1998-8-16. 
External links
•   The Iran-Contra Affair 20 Years On: Documents Spotlight Role of Reagan, Top Aides. By the National Security Archive
•   How the Reagan Administration Taught Iran the Wrong Lessons – Middle East Review of International Affairs, June, 2007 article by Nathan Thrall
•   "The Secret Government: The Constitution in Crisis" (Audio, Video) -- 1987 Bill Moyers special on the Iran-Contra Affair
•   Condensed article outlining Iran-Contra
•   Extract of NSDD-138 (PDF) National Security Archive
•   NSDD-207 (PDF)
•   The Oliver North File: His Diaries, E-Mail, and Memos on the Kerry Report, Contras and Drugs
•   Final Report of the Independent Counsel for Iran/Contra Matters (Walsh Report)
•   THE IRAN-CONTRA AFFAIR by the National Security Archive
•   About LUIS POSADA CARRILES involved as Ramon Medina in Oliver North's operations.
•   Chip Tatum - The Story That Cost Him His Life
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran-Contra_Affair"

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Jake
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« Reply #16 on: November 03, 2007, 10:44:16 am »

I am pleased to see that there are other members of this board that have a memory for history.  Smiley

I wonder how many times this is actually mentioned in the U.S. media, when the subject of Iran's terrible ( Cheesy) "nuclear ambitions" come up?

It should be noted that we gave weapons to Iraq in the 80's, and look at them now.

We also gave weapons to Iran in the 80's, and look at the impending action.

Who are the terrorists again?

Jake

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Firefly
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« Reply #17 on: November 07, 2007, 11:30:33 pm »

Jake, it is all propaganda, I am surprised that people swallow it. America has no memory for it's history, mostly because it doesn't have any grasp as to what it's real history is.

Spain once used to be controlled by the dictator Franco. He tried every foul method to scare his people and keep them in line.  A couple of years ago, after the Madrid train bombings, the conservative government of Spain (like America) tried to use the threat of terrorism again to keep the populace in line and win it's election.  As it turned out, people were so skeptical of them after the deceit and propaganda of Franco that the tactic backfired, and the conservateives were voted out of office.

There is an old saying, "fool me once, shame on you, fool me twice, shame on me."  True patriotism only begins with healthy dose of skepticsm for one's government.
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Firefly
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« Reply #18 on: November 07, 2007, 11:33:27 pm »

Reporter Gary Webb was the one to break the little detail that the CIA was trafficking **** to get this deal done.  Supposedly, he committed suicide in 2004, after the election.  Just as plausible is the idea that someone was tying up a few loose ends.
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