April 19, 2024, 06:05:20 am
Welcome,
Guest
. Please
login
or
register
.
1 Hour
1 Day
Forever
Login with username, password and session length
News
: Secrets of ocean birth laid bare
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/5191384.stm#graphic
Home
Help
Arcade
Gallery
Links
Staff List
Calendar
Login
Register
The First Modern Humans Arose in South Africa, Say Researchers
Atlantis Online
>
Forum
>
the Dawn of Civilization
>
Africa, the Cradle of Life
>
The First Modern Humans Arose in South Africa, Say Researchers
Pages: [
1
]
Go Down
« previous
next »
Print
Author
Topic: The First Modern Humans Arose in South Africa, Say Researchers (Read 197 times)
0 Members and 53 Guests are viewing this topic.
Krystal Coenen
Superhero Member
Posts: 4754
The First Modern Humans Arose in South Africa, Say Researchers
«
on:
December 09, 2012, 08:53:18 pm »
The First Modern Humans Arose in South Africa, Say Researchers
Tue, Dec 04, 2012
Based on newly published research, scientists are suggesting South Africa as the birthplace of behaviorally modern humans.
The First Modern Humans Arose in South Africa, Say Researchers
The synthesis of years of research at prehistoric sites in southern Africa, as represented by research recently published in the Journal of World Prehistory, has led a number of scientists to suggest that South Africa was the primary center for the early development of modern human behavior. This would mean cognitive behavior as manifested in technology much like the material culture of modern hunter-gatherer groups throughout the world today.
The new research paper by renowned Wits University archaeologist, Prof. Christopher Henshilwood, is the first detailed summary of Middle Stone Age (280,000 - 50,000 years ago) technologies and cultural remains discovered at a number of sites in southern Africa, artifacts that fall within two established overall "techno-tradition" periods: Still Bay (dated to c. 75,000 70,000 years ago) and Howiesons Poort (c. 65,000 60,000 years ago).
Henshilwood maintains that these periods were significant markers in the development of Homo sapiens behavior in southern Africa. They featured a number of innovations including, for example, the first abstract art (engraved ochre* and engraved ostrich eggshell); the first jewellery (shell beads); the first bone tools; the earliest use of the pressure flaking technique, used in combination with heating to make stone spear points; and the first probable use of stone tipped arrows launched by bow. (See examples pictured below).
All of these innovations, plus many others we are just discovering, clearly show that Homo sapiens in southern Africa at that time were cognitively modern and behaving in many ways like ourselves. It is a good reason to be proud of our earliest, common ancestors who lived and evolved in South Africa and who later spread out into the rest of the world after about 60,000 years, says Henshilwood.
______________________________________________________________________________________
Report Spam
Logged
Krystal Coenen
Superhero Member
Posts: 4754
Re: The First Modern Humans Arose in South Africa, Say Researchers
«
Reply #1
on:
December 09, 2012, 08:54:02 pm »
Report Spam
Logged
Krystal Coenen
Superhero Member
Posts: 4754
Re: The First Modern Humans Arose in South Africa, Say Researchers
«
Reply #2
on:
December 09, 2012, 08:54:45 pm »
(Left) An example of a pressure-flaked bifacial point recovered from the c. 18 ka Solutrean levels at Fourneau-du-Diable in Bourdeilles, Dordogne, France. This is the earliest known date for the use of pressure flaking in Eurasia. (Right) Bifacial foliate points from the 75–72 ka Still Bay levels at Blombos Cave. In the 1920s Heese (n.d.) described the ‘lance-head’ in elongated laurel-leaf form as the fossile directeur of Still Bay techno-tradition. The five silcrete examples on the right were heat-treated before flaking using hard- hammer, soft-hammer and pressure-flaking techniques. This is the earliest known use of pressure-flaking. Courtesy Christopher Henshilwood and the University of the Withwatersrand
Report Spam
Logged
Krystal Coenen
Superhero Member
Posts: 4754
Re: The First Modern Humans Arose in South Africa, Say Researchers
«
Reply #3
on:
December 09, 2012, 08:55:28 pm »
(a) Howiesons Poort segments from Sibudu Cave with ochre along their backed portions resulting from ochre-loaded adhesives (modified after Lombard 2011); (b) quartz backed artefacts from Sibudu Cave (modified after Lombard 2011); (c) hafting positions for hunting experiments with Howiesons Poort-like segments (modified after Lombard and Pargeter 2008). Courtesy Christopher Henshilwood and the University of the Withwatersrand
Report Spam
Logged
Krystal Coenen
Superhero Member
Posts: 4754
Re: The First Modern Humans Arose in South Africa, Say Researchers
«
Reply #4
on:
December 09, 2012, 08:56:04 pm »
Engraved ochres from the Still Bay M1 phase at Blombos Cave (modified after Henshilwood et al. 2009). (a) Two groups of incisions, one on the centre and one close to the edge. In the centre two joining lines form a ‘Y’ that is crossed by a few perpendicular parallel lines. Three incisions cross these lines; (b) Two lines that cross perpendicularly on the top right margin. Converging lines produced with a single lithic point; (c) this piece retains only a small area of the original engraved pattern. Three straight oblique lines incised on the top left with two sinuous lines that cross them; (d) three distinct sets of lines engraved on a natural surface. Piece was then knapped and a part of the engraving removed; (e) a group of sinuous lines engraved on one face. The opposite face is highly scraped and engraved with a cross-hatched pattern; (f) Cross-hatched pattern incised on one long edge. Courtesy Christopher Henshilwood and the University of the Withwatersrand
Report Spam
Logged
Krystal Coenen
Superhero Member
Posts: 4754
Re: The First Modern Humans Arose in South Africa, Say Researchers
«
Reply #5
on:
December 09, 2012, 08:56:55 pm »
(a) Nassarius kraussianus shell beads from the Still Bay levels at Blombos Cave. Note the deliberate perforations made with a bone tool through the aperture. At bottom left the wear facets resulting from the rubbing of the strung beads against one another are visible; (b) Afrolittorina africana shell beads from the Still Bay levels at Sibudu. Wear patterns on the perforation are visible at bottom right. Courtesy Christopher Henshilwood and the University of the Withwatersrand
Report Spam
Logged
Krystal Coenen
Superhero Member
Posts: 4754
Re: The First Modern Humans Arose in South Africa, Say Researchers
«
Reply #6
on:
December 09, 2012, 08:57:21 pm »
The research also addresses some of the nagging questions about what drove our ancestors to develop these innovative technologies. According to Henshilwood, answers to these questions are, in part, found in demography and climate change, particularly changing sea levels, which have been generally found to be major drivers of innovation and variability in material culture.
Henshilwood and his colleagues' extensive research in African archaeology has challenged the previous prevailing model of the emergence of behaviorally modern humans, which has suggested that modern human behavior originated in Europe after about 40,000 years ago. Now, there is increasing evidence for an African origin for behavioral and technological modernity more than 70,000 years ago, and that the earliest origin of all Homo sapiens may lie in Africa and more particulalry southern Africa.
Henshilwood writes: “In just the past decade our knowledge of Homo sapiens behaviour in the Middle Stone Age, and in particular of the Still Bay and Howiesons Poort, has expanded considerably. With the benefit of hindsight we may ironically conclude that the origins of ‘Neanthropic Man’, the epitome of behavioural modernity in Europe, lay after all in Africa.”
The paper, entitled Late Pleistocene Techno-traditions in Southern Africa: A Review of the Still Bay and Howiesons Poort, c. 75–59 ka, has been published online in the Journal of World Prehistory on 6 November 2012.
__________________________________________
Report Spam
Logged
Krystal Coenen
Superhero Member
Posts: 4754
Re: The First Modern Humans Arose in South Africa, Say Researchers
«
Reply #7
on:
December 09, 2012, 08:57:56 pm »
Excavations in progress within the Still Bay levels at Blombos Cave, southern Cape, South Africa. Courtesy Christopher Henshilwood and the University of the Withwatersrand
Report Spam
Logged
Krystal Coenen
Superhero Member
Posts: 4754
Re: The First Modern Humans Arose in South Africa, Say Researchers
«
Reply #8
on:
December 09, 2012, 08:58:38 pm »
This article was adapted and edited from a press release by the University of the Witwatersrand.
*Ochres are among the earliest pigments used by mankind, derived from naturally tinted clay containing mineral oxides.
Cover Photo, Top Left: Panoramic view of interior of Blombos Cave, southern Cape (image Magnus Haaland); (bottom) Interior view of Hollow Rock Shelter, Western Cape. Courtesy Christopher Henshilwood and the University of the Withwatersrand
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
SUPERIOR QUALITY CONTENT AT LESS COST. Read about the most fascinating discoveries with a premium subscription to Popular Archaeology Magazine. Find out what Popular Archaeology Magazine is all about. AND MORE:
Popular Archaeology's annual Discovery edition is a selection of the best stories published in Popular Archaeology Magazine in past issues, with an emphasis on some of the most significant, groundbreaking, or fascinating discoveries in the fields of archaeology and paleoanthropology and related fields. The 2012 edition content includes no less than 41 specially selected premium or top quality feature articles and news articles covered over four or more issues. At least some of the articles have been updated or revised specifically for the Discovery edition. We can confidently say that there is no other single issue of an archaeology-related magazine, paper print or online, that contains as much major feature article content as this one. Go to the Discovery edition page for more information.
Subscription Price: A very affordable $5.75 for those who are not already premium subscribers of Popular Archaeology Magazine. It is FREE for premium subscribers. Premium subscribers should email
populararchaeology@gmail.com
and request the special coupon code.
http://popular-archaeology.com/issue/december-2012/article/the-first-modern-humans-arose-in-south-africa-say-researchers
Report Spam
Logged
Pages: [
1
]
Go Up
Print
« previous
next »
Jump to:
Please select a destination:
-----------------------------
Atlantis Online - Messages
-----------------------------
=> Messages
=> Administrative Messages
=> Commemorating Dates in History
=> Alerts & Warnings
=> Upcoming Events, Releases & Ads
=> Television: Shows & Events
-----------------------------
the Coffee Shop
-----------------------------
=> the Coffee Shop
=> Atlantis: Polls & News
=> Poltical Alerts
=> Causes & Activism
-----------------------------
Videos, Documentaries & Online Movies
-----------------------------
=> Ancient History & Lost Civilizations
=> Ghosts, UFOs & the Esoteric
=> Music, Entertainment & the Arts
=> Conspiracies & Suppressed Knowledge
=> Documentary & Videos
-----------------------------
Ages of the Earth
-----------------------------
=> The Early Earth, Geology & Fossils
=> Dinosaurs
=> Catastrophes & Mass Extinctions
=> Ice Age
=> Humanity's Origins & Civilization's First Steps
-----------------------------
Mythology & Heroic Sagas of Culture & Myth
-----------------------------
=> Mythology
=> Greek Mythology
=> Arthurian Myth
=> Quest for King Arthur
-----------------------------
Atlantis
-----------------------------
=> Atlantis & the Atlantic Ocean
=> Atlantis: Theories & Speculation
=> Plato's Atlantis
=> the Scientific Atlantis
=> Geology & Atlantis
=> Atlantis & the New Age
=> Atlantis in the Media
-----------------------------
Satellite Discoveries & Alternate Archaeology
-----------------------------
=> Alternate Archaeology
=> Satellite Discoveries & Aerial Archaeology
=> the Bock Saga
-----------------------------
Maps, Explorers & Adventurers
-----------------------------
=> the Oceans
=> Islands
=> the Bahamas, Bermuda, Cuba & the West Indies
=> Explorers & Adventurers
=> Maps, Cartographers & Cartography
-----------------------------
Egypt & the Pyramids
-----------------------------
=> Gods of Egypt
=> Egypt & the Pyramids
=> the Giza Complex
=> the Dynasties of Egypt
=> Egypt: Latest Discoveries
-----------------------------
the Guanches, Basques, Berbers & Sea People
-----------------------------
=> Guanches, Basques & Berbers
=> Pirates, Phantom Islands & Stories of the Sea
=> the Sea People
-----------------------------
the Ancient World
-----------------------------
=> Neolithic Europe
=> Stonehenge & the Druids
=> the Library of Alexandria, Ancient Historians & Philosophers
=> Ancient Warfare
=> the Spartans
-----------------------------
the Dawn of Civilization
-----------------------------
=> Africa, the Cradle of Life
=> China & the Asian Empires
=> Eastern Mysticism, India, & the Ancient Far East
=> Zoroastrianism, Arabia & the Near East
=> the Sumerians
=> Ancient Asia Minor
=> Hawaii, Australia, Alaska & the Pacific Rim
-----------------------------
Ancient Mediterranean Cultures
-----------------------------
=> Minoan Crete
=> Phoenicians & Carthage
=> Mediterranean Islands
=> Israelities & the Kabbalah
=> Etruscans
=> Ancient Greece
=> Rome: Empire & Republic
-----------------------------
Ancient European Cultures
-----------------------------
=> The Picts & Celts
=> Ireland: History & Myths
=> Balkan History
=> Italy & Magna Graecia
=> the Vikings & Scandinavia
=> Germanic History
-----------------------------
Timelines of Ancient Europe
-----------------------------
=> History of Britain
=> Scotland: in History & Lore
=> Continental Europe: Past & Present
=> the Dark Ages
=> the Medieval World
=> The Renaissance
-----------------------------
the Ancient Americas
-----------------------------
=> the Ancient Americas
=> Peru: Mysteries & Prehistory
=> Mesoamerican & South American Cultures
===> Aztec
===> Incan
===> Olmec
===> Toltec & Teotihuacan
=> Mayan
=> Native American
=> Canada: Past & Present
-----------------------------
The Crusades, Templars & the Holy Grail
-----------------------------
=> the Crusades
=> the Knights Templar
=> The Holy Grail & Christian artifacts
=> The Sacred Feminine, the Cathars & Gnosticism
=> the Da Vinci Code
-----------------------------
Ancient Mysteries
-----------------------------
=> Philosophy
=> Ancient Mysteries
=> Lemuria, Mu & other sunken civilizations
=> Easter Island
=> Oak Island
-----------------------------
Archaeology & Anthropology
-----------------------------
=> Museums & Universities
=> Archaeology
=> Ancient Languages
=> Archaeological News
=> Underwater Archaeology
-----------------------------
Ancient Knowledge, Mysticism & Sacred Beliefs
-----------------------------
=> Ley Lines, Ancient Astronomy & Archeoastronomy
=> Prophecy, 2012, End Times & the End of the World
=> Sacred Symbols
=> The Ancient Arts: Astrology, Alchemy, the Tarot, Arcane Recondite Practices & the I Ching
-----------------------------
Search for the Sacred
-----------------------------
=> Angels & Angelology
=> Goddess Worship
=> Search for the Sacred
=> World Religions
=> the Urantia Book
=> Wicca, Witchcraft, Paganism & Ritual Magic
-----------------------------
Health & Healing
-----------------------------
=> Health, Healing & Medical News
=> Human Biology
=> Love & Relationships
=> Women's Studies
-----------------------------
Science & Technology
-----------------------------
=> Science, Physics & Technology
=> History of Science
=> Evolution vs. Intelligent Design
=> Human Genetics
-----------------------------
Earth Changes
-----------------------------
=> Earth Changes
=> Global Warming
=> Botany & Plant Life
===> Plants of the Americas that Changed the World
=> Antarctica & the Arctic
-----------------------------
Space
-----------------------------
=> NASA
=> Mars, the Red Planet
=> Life on Other Worlds
=> the Universe
=> Images from Space
-----------------------------
UFOs, Aliens & Future Science
-----------------------------
=> UFO's
=> Aliens & Alien Abduction
=> UFO Evidence & in the Media
=> Alternate History & Multiverses
=> Future Science
=> Time Travel
-----------------------------
the Occult
-----------------------------
=> Ghosts & Apparitions
=> Communicating with the Dead
=> Paranormal Events, Reincarnation & Near Death Experiences
=> the Enchanted World
=> the Supernatural
=> the Occult
-----------------------------
the Unexplained
-----------------------------
=> Cryptozoology
=> Bigfoot Sightings
=> the Unexplained
=> the Hollow Earth, Crop Circles, Strange Structures & Devices
=> Vanishings & Unsolved Murders
-----------------------------
Science Fiction & Fantasy
-----------------------------
=> Lord of the Rings
=> Science Fiction
=> King Kong, Gigantopithecus & the Mountain Gorilla
=> Godzilla, King of Monsters
=> Comic Books
===> Comic Book Creators
===> Videogames & Toys
-----------------------------
Halloween & Seasonal
-----------------------------
=> Halloween
=> Seasonal
=> Monsters of Myth, Movies & Folklore
=> Ghost Stories
=> the Zombie Apocalypse
-----------------------------
Genres of Film & Literature
-----------------------------
=> Universal Horror
=> H. P. Lovecraft
=> Horror
=> Dark Shadows
=> Twin Peaks
=> Online Horror Movies Sci-Fi & TV Series
-----------------------------
Arts & Literature
-----------------------------
=> Online Books & Research Papers
=> Classical Literature & Book Reviews
=> Art History
=> Architecture
=> Sculpture & Statuary
=> the Great Masters
=> Music
-----------------------------
Media & Film
-----------------------------
=> Cinema
=> the History of Film
=> Marilyn Monroe
=> Actresses & Models
=> Entertainment News
-----------------------------
Modern Historical Mysteries
-----------------------------
=> American History
===> Presidents of the United States
=> the World Wars
===> the Great Depression
=> the Holocaust
=> the Middle East: Past & Present
=> Modern History
===> the Industrial Age
===> Civil Rights
=> Great Cities of the World
=> the Kennedys: Their History & Assasinations
=> New York City: Then & Now
-----------------------------
September 11th, 2001
-----------------------------
=> September 11th: Conspiracies, Cover-ups & Remembrance
=> The World Trade Center Remembered
===> Life of the Twin Towers
=> Modern Warfare
=> Environmental Disasters & Mass Tragedies
-----------------------------
Suppressed Knowledge
-----------------------------
=> New World Order
=> Conspiracies
=> Suppressed Knowledge
=> Media Matters
-----------------------------
Politics
-----------------------------
=> the Barack Obama Administration
=> Conservatives, Trump, & Republican Politics
=> Joe Biden, Democratic Politics & News
=> Tea Party, Constitution, Libertarian Parties & Ron Paul
=> Politics & News
-----------------------------
Current Events
-----------------------------
=> Current Events & Odd Stories
=> The World Today
=> Financial News & the Economy
===> The History of Labor
=> Breaking News
-----------------------------
General Category
-----------------------------
=> Opinions & Editorials
=> Cartoons, Humor & Comic Strips
=> Ecology, Pets & the Animal Kingdom
=> General & Miscellaneous
=> Sports
=> Computers & the Internet
-----------------------------
Art, Graphics & Creative Writing
-----------------------------
=> Fantasy Art & Graphics
=> Creative Writing
===> Horror Fiction
=> Poetry
=> Photography & Models
=> Earth Images
-----------------------------
Past Events
-----------------------------
=> Case for Bush Impeachment/War Crimes
===> Bush Administration Torture Scandal
=> Campaign 2008
=> Atlantis Online - Memorial & Biography
===> Atlantis Online - Old Posts
Powered by
EzPortal
Loading...