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Ancient History Timeline

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April Kincaid
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« on: June 30, 2012, 04:57:03 pm »

Ancient History Timeline

 

c6500-2900 BC
   

NEOLITHIC PERIOD- Domestication of plants and animals allows for permanent settlements.

3000 BC
   

Menes unifies Upper and Lower Egypt, and a new capital is erected at Memphis.

c3100-2686 BC
   

Early Egyptian dynastic period, with a succession of kings that strengthened the unification of the two Egypts.

c2900-2000 BC
   

Bronze Age- Early Aegean cultures

2700 BC
   

365 -day calendar is invented ( for Egyptians new year started with June)

2900 BC
   

First Egyptian hieroglyphs

c2686-2613 BC
   

Third Egyptian Dynasty

Zoser builds first pyramid, Step Pyramid at Sakkara, with the great help of the chief architect and priest Imhotep.

2600 BC
   

Kufu (Cheops) builds the great Pyramid at Giza, followed by Chephren with a second pyramid and the Sphinx and Mycerinus with another pyramid.

c2500 BC
   

Minoan civilization develops.

c2494-2345 BC
   

During the 5th Egyptian dynasty, worship of sun god Ra becomes the predominant religion.

c2181-2040 BC
   

FIRST INTERMEDIATE PERIOD of EGYPT- increases in power of provincial governors through the 6th dynasty, leads to breakdown of central authority and chaos throughout the country. This is the period of the upsurge of the cult of Osiris.

c2100 BC
   

Mentuhotep II, first king of the 11th dynasty reunites Egypt, and established the capital at Thebes.

C1700-1550 BC
   

SECOND INTERMEDIATE PERIOD. 13th dynasty collapses after a succession of short-lived and little known kings.

C1674 BC
   

Memphis falls to Hyksos.

C1550-1085 BC
   

NEW KINGDOM of EGYPT-Ahmose completes defeat of Hyksos and unites Egypt under new dynasty.

1512-1448 BC
   

During Tuthmosis III, Egyptian rule is extended as far as the Euphrates River to the east and south to the Fourth Cataract of the Nile.

c1450 BC
   

Tuthmosis IV digs the Sphinx out of the sands.

c1400 BC
   

Volcanic eruption on Thera destroys Mycenae.

1391-1358 BC
   

Amenhotep IV changes name to Akhenaten and tries to institute a monotheistic religion by worshipping only the sun-disk god Aten.

1375-50 BC
   

Mycenaean customs appear on Crete.

1368-1349 BC
   

Tutankhamen restores the old cults at Thebes, but shortly after is assasinated.

c1299 BC
   

Ramesses II fights Hitties at the Battle of Kadesh. Builds temples at Thebes and Abu Simbel. He is considered the most prolific pharaoh to construct temples.

1224-1165 BC

   

Ramesses III repulses invasion of Seas Peoples. He is considered the last great Egyptian pharaoh.

c1200 BC
   

Destruction of Cretan palaces and of Priam's city at Troy (Ilium).

c1070-712 BC
   

THIRD INTERMEDIATE PERIOD of EGYPT- Ephemeral kings whom little is known. It is a period of overlapping rulers, with no strong central power. Invasion by Assyrians.

c1050-750 BC
   

EARLY PERIOD of GREECE- First Greek migration to west coast of Asia minor. Few written records of this time period remain. Also, this era is known as the Dark Ages of Greece.

800-700 BC
   

Italy inhabited by Hellenic and Etruscan people. The land is undeveloped.

776 BC
   

First Olympic Games

753 BC
   

Romulus founds Roman culture at the Palatine.

c750-700 BC
   

Homer writes the Iliad and the Odyssey

c750-500 BC
   

ARCHAIC PERIOD of GREECE- Greeks search for new land for agriculture. City-states are formed throughout the Mediterranean that function as political units or polis, each ruled by a king and a council.

735-700 BC
   

First Greek colonies in Sicily.

c730-710 BC
   

Spartans conquer southwest Peloponnese in the First Messenian War.

c700 BC
   

Lelantine war in Euboia

c671-667 BC
   

Assyrians invade Egypt, "sacking" Thebes and Memphis.

736-656 BC
   

25th dynasty. Egypt ruled by Kushite pharaohs.

540 BC
   

Anaximander dies. He is credited with writing the first philosophical treatise and making the first map of know world.

525-404 BC
   

27th dynasty. Conquered by the King Conlyses who establishes first Persian domination of Egypt.

524 BC
   

Greeks stop the southward Etruscan migration at Cumae.

509 BC
   

Romans overthrow tyrant Tarquinius Superbus, ending the Etruscan dynasty.

500-323 BC
   

CLASSICAL PERIOD of GREECE- Interest in literature, artwork, architecture, philosophy, and politics surges during this time period. Athens is the hub of activity throughout the Mediterranean.

490-479 BC
   

GREEK Persian Wars.

490 BC
   

First Persian War- Athenians defeat Persians at Marathon.

480 BC
   

Second Persian War- Persian forces led by Xerxes destroy Athens. Greek forces won a major sea battle at Salamis.

461-446 BC
   

First of the Peloponnesian Wars begins between Sparta and Athens.

450 BC
   

ROMAN- Twelve Tables of Roman law are published.

441 BC
   

Euripides writes his first tragic play.

431-405 BC
   

Second of the Peloponnesian Wars between Sparta and Athens.

399 BC
   

Socrates is tried and executed for his opposition to the Thirty Tyrants.

396 BC
   

The city of Veii is conquered by Romans.

386 BC
   

Plato, student of Socrates, founds the Academy.

384 BC
   

Aristotle, student of Plato, is born.

359 BC
   

Philip II becomes the king of Macedon.

357-356 BC
   

Social War- between Macedon and Athens.

356 BC
   

Alexander the Great, son of Philip II, is born. The temple of Delphi is destroyed in the Sacred War.

340 BC
   

The Latin War begins.

338 BC
   

King Philip II defeats Athenians and Thebans.

336 BC
   

King Philip II is assassinated, and Alexander the Great takes throne.

332 BC
   

Alexander the Great of Macedonia defeats Persians at Issus in 333 BC and is given Egypt by the Persian Satrap. He builds a capital at Alexandria.

332-395 AD
   

Graeco-Roman Period.

323 BC
   

Alexander the Great dies at Babylon.

323-31 BC
   

HELLENISTIC PERIOD. Antigonid Macedon, Ptolemaic Egypt, and Seleucid Syria emerge as the three major kingdoms. Greece suffered from internal revolts.

304-30 BC
   

The Ptolemies.

264 BC
   

First Punic War to take Carthage for dominance of Mediterranean.

241 BC
   

Romans win Sicily.

224 BC
   

Earthquake destroys the Colossus.

221 BC
   

The structure Circus Flaminius is built.

218-201 BC
   

Second Punic War brings the defeat of General Hannibal of Carthage.

197 BC
   

King Philip V loses to Roman forces at Kynoskephalai.

179 BC
   

The structure Basilica Aemilia is built.

149-146 BC
   

Third Punic War ends with the Roman capture of Carthage.

86 BC
   

Roman General Sulla seizes Athens.

44 BC
   

The assassination of Julius Caesar marks the end of the Roman Republic.

31 BC
   

Octavian Caesar defeats Mark Antony and becomes emperor of Roman world. He is given title Augustus.

14 BC
   

Augustus dies.

41 AD
   

Gaius Julius, the emperor Caligula, is murdered.

43 AD
   

Claudius wins victories in Britain.

64 AD
   

Rome is burnt.

68 AD
   

Civil War breaks out in Rome.

70 AD
   

Emperor Titus captures Jerusalem.

97 AD
   

Death of Nerva.

235-284 AD
   

Germans, Goths, and Persians attack Rome.

267 AD
   

Goths ruin Athens, Sparta, and Korinth

284 AD
   

Diocletian restores order to Rome.

286 AD
   

Emperor Diocletian divides Roman empire in two, forming modern Greece (the Byzantine Empire)

302 AD
   

Diocletian banned Christians from the Roman Army.

312 AD
   

Constantine defeats Maxentius to become absolute ruler of Rome.

337 AD
   

Constantine dies.

363 AD
   

Persians capture Mesopotamia.

410 AD
   

Goths destroy Rome.

476 AD
   

Western Rome dies.

 641 AD
   

Arab conquest.

 641 AD
   

Slavs overrun Greece

1453 AD
   

Eastern Rome dissolves.


http://library.thinkquest.org/10805/timeline.html
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« Reply #1 on: June 30, 2012, 05:06:00 pm »

Timeline of the Ancient Greek and Roman Historians

By N.S. Gill, About.com Guide
See More About:

    greek historians
    herodotus
    thucydides
    plutarch
    diodorus siculus

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Occupation Index | Historians Timeline
5th Century B.C. Greek Historians:

    Herodotus (480-425 B.C.)

    Greek historian

        Herodotus E-Texts
        Who Were the Greek Historians? Herodotus

    Thucydides (460- ? B.C.)

    Greek historian with military experience in the Peloponnesian War

        Thucydides E-Texts
        Thucydides
        Who Were the Greek Historians? Thucydides

4th Century B.C. Greek Historians:

    Xenophon (?-c.355 B.C.)

    Greek general and historian

        Democracy Then And Now The Old Oligarch (Pseudo-Xenophon)
        Xenophon E-Texts
        Who Were the Greek Historians? Xenophon
        Aspasia of Miletus

2nd Century B.C. Greek Historians:

    Polybius (c.200-c.118 B.C.)

    Greek Historian of Rome from 220-146 B.C. and Achaean League Hipparch

1st Century B.C. Roman and Greek Historians:

    Cornelius Nepos (c.100-35 B.C.)

    Biographer

        Nepos

    Sallust (86-35 B.C.)

    Historian and politician

        Basics on Sallust
        Conspiracy of Catiline

    Strabo (63 B.C. - ?)

    Greco-roman geographer and historian

        Strabo's Geography

    Diodorus Siculus (fl. c.60-30 B.C.)

    Sicilian Greek historian of the world centered on Rome

        Diodorus Siculus

    Titus Livius or Livy (59 B.C.-A.D. 17)

    Roman historian

        Livy's Ab Urbe Condita
        Roman Historians I: Livy

    Velleius Paterculus (c.19 B.C.-c.A.D. 30)

    Roman historian

        Velleius Paterculus

1st Century A.D. Roman and Greek Historians:

    Josephus (c.A.D. 37- c.100)

    Jewish historian

        Josephus

    Tacitus (A.D.54-119)

    Roman historian

        Roman Historians
        Tacitus E-Texts

    Plutarch (c.A.D.45-c.125)

    Greco-roman moralist and historian

        Plutarch E-Texts
        Plutarch Profile
        Who Were the Greek Historians? Plutarch

    Suetonius (c.71-c.135)

    Roman biographer

        Suetonius
        Suetonius - Lives of the Caesars

2nd Century A.D. Roman and Greek Historians:

    Dio Cassius (c.150-235)

    Roman historian

        Dio Cassius

4th Century A.D. Roman and Greek Historians:

    Ammianus Marcellinus (4th C)

    Historian and biographer

        Ammianus Marcellinus

    Eutropius (c. 320-c.390?)

    Roman historian

        Eutropius

    Eunapius (A.D.349-c.414)

    Byzantine historian

5th Century A.D. and Beyond Roman and Greek Historians:

    Sozomen (5th Century)

    Historian of the Christian Church

        Sozomen

    Priscus of Panion (5th C)

    Historian and bureaucrat

        Priscus

    Zosimus (5th-6th Century)

    Historian, count, and treasury lawyer

        Zosimus

    Procopius (6th Century)

    Byzantine Historian and secretary

http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/greekhistorians/p/081309GreekHistorians.htm
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« Reply #2 on: June 30, 2012, 05:08:36 pm »

4TH MILLENNIUM B.C.
1    3200    Civilization is said to have begun at Sumer.
3RD MILLENNIUM B.C.
2    2560    Building of the Great Pyramid of Cheops at Giza.
2ND MILLENNIUM B.C.
3    1900-1300    The Minoan Period - Crete.
4    1795-1750    Hammurabi, who wrote the first legal code, conquered Mesopotamia, the land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
5    1200    Fall of Troy - if there was a Trojan War.
1ST MILLENNIUM B.C.
6    995    Hebrew King David captured Jerusalem.
8th Century B.C.
7    780-560    Greeks sent settlers to create colonies in Asia Minor.
8    776    Legendary start of the Ancient Olympics.
9    753    Legendary founding of Rome. [See Ancient Rome Timeline.]
7th Century B.C.
10    621    Greek lawgiver Draco.
11    612    Nineveh (Babylonian capital) captured, marking the end of the Assyrian Empire.
6th Century B.C.
12    594    Solon became archon and wrote laws for Athens.

    Archons replaced kings as rulers in Athens, but there were 9 of them and their time in office was more limited than that of a king.
    William Smith

13    588    Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar captured Jerusalem. Jews of Judea were exiled to Babylon.
14    585    Thales predicts a solar eclipse.
15    546-538    King Cyrus of Persia and the Medes defeated Croesus and captured Lydia. Cyrus freed Jews in Babylon.
16    509    Traditional date for the founding of the Roman Republic.
17    508    Athenian Democracy established by Cleisthenes
5th Century B.C.
18    499    Greek city-states revolted against Persian rule.
19    492-449    Persian Wars
20    490    Battle of Marathon
21    480    Thermopylae
22    479    Salamis and Plataea
23    483    Buddha - In 483 Gautama Buddha died.
24    479    Confucius died.
25    461-429    Age of Pericles and 431-404 Peloponnesian War
4th Century B.C.
26    371    Battle at Leuctra - Sparta defeated.
27    346    Peace of Philocrates - Philip forced Athens to accept a peace treaty with Macedonia marking the end of Greek independence.
28    336    Alexander The Great rules Macedonia [See Alexander Timeline.]
29    334
   Battle of Granicus - Alexander the Great fought the Persians and won.
30    333
   Battle of Issus - Macedonian forces under Alexander defeated the Persians.
31    331
   Battle of Gaugamela - defeat of Darius III, King of Persia, in October 331 at Gaugamela near Arbela.

    See Map of Alexander's Campaigns

3rd Century B.C.
32    276    Eratosthenes measures the Earth's circumference.
33    265-241    First Punic War / 218 - 201 B.C. 2nd Punic War - Hannibal / 149-146 Third Punic War
34    221    Great Wall of China Building begun during the Qin Dynasty. The wall was built along 1,200 miles of China's northern border.
35    215-148    The Macedonian Wars lead to Rome's control of Greece.
36    206    Start of the Han Dynasty.
2nd Century B.C.
37    135    The first Servile War - The slaves of Sicily revolted against Rome.
38    133-123    The Gracchi.
1st Century B.C.
39    91-88    The Social War - Revolt of the Italians who wanted Roman citizenship.
40    89-84    The Mithridatic Wars - between Mithridates of Pontus and Rome.
41    60    Pompey, Crassus and Julius Caesar form the 1st Triumvirate. [See Caesar Timeline.]
42    55    Caesar invades Britain. [See Roman Britain Timeline.]
43    49    Caesar's Campaigns and Caesar crosses the Rubicon.
44    44    Ides of March (March 15) Caesar assassinated.
45    43    2nd Triumvirate - Mark Antony, Octavian and M Aemillius Lepidus.
46    31    Battle of Actium - Antony and Cleopatra defeated. Soon after, Augustus (Octavian) became 1st emperor of Rome. [See Cleopatra Timeline.]
47    c. 3    Jesus was born.
1st Century A.D.
48    9    German tribes destroyed 3 Roman legions under P. Quinctilius Varnus in the Teutoberg Forest.
49    64    Rome burned while Nero (supposedly) fiddled.
50    79    Mount Vesuvius Erupted covering Pompeii and Herculaneum.
2nd Century A.D.
51    122    Hadrian's Wall was begun as a defensive wall to stretch 70 miles across Northern England.
3rd Century A.D.
52    212    Edict of Caracalla extended Roman citizenship to all free inhabitants of the Empire.
53    284-305    Age of Diocletian - Diocletian divided empire into 4 administrative units. From then on, there was usually more than one head of Rome.
4th Century A.D.
54    313    Decree of Milan legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire.
55    324    Constantine the Great established his capital at Byzantium (Constantinople)
56    378    Emperor Valens killed by the Visigoths at the Battle at Adrianople.
5th Century A.D.
57    410    Rome sacked by the Visigoths.
58    451    Attila the Hun faced the Visigoths and Romans together in the Battle of Chalons. He went on to invade Italy, but was convinced to withdraw by Pope Leo. He died in 453
59    455    Vandals sacked Rome.
60    476    Western Roman Empire ended - Emperor Romulus Augustulus was removed from office.

http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/homeschoolers/a/majorevents.htm
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« Reply #3 on: June 30, 2012, 05:09:38 pm »

A time line of ancient Egyptian history
.
 
      
         
3500 B.C.    


   Early settlers in the Nile valley
           
3400 B.C.       
3300 B.C.       
3200 B.C.        
3100 B.C.    Hieroglyphic script developed
3100- Narmer unified Upper and Lower Egypt    Hieroglyphic script
3000 B.C.       
2900 B.C.       
2800 B.C.       
2700 B.C.    First stone pyramid built    Step pyramid
2600 B.C.    Pyramids of Giza built    Pyramids of Giza
2500 B.C.        
2400 B.C.      
2300 B.C.      
2200 B.C.    Various kings ruled Egypt    
2100 B.C.   

2055- Mentuhotep II gained control of entire country
   
2000 B.C.    

Agricultural development of the Faiyum

Earliest parts of Temple of Karnak built

Egyptians control Nubia
   
1900 B.C.   
1800 B.C.   
1700 B.C.   Hyksos rulers took control of Delta region    
1600 B.C.    Ahmose unified country    
1500 B.C.    Hatshepsut became pharaoh    
1400 B.C.   Akhenaten changed Egyptian religion
Tutankhamun became pharaoh
Traditional religion returned    
1300 B.C.    Hypostyle hall built at Temple of Karnak
1274 - Ramesses II fought in Battle of Kadesh    Ramesses II in battle
1200 B.C.      
1100 B.C.    Upper and Lower Egypt split    
1000 B.C.       
900 B.C.       
800 B.C.    728- Nubian king Piy conquered Egypt    
700 B.C.   671- Assyrians attacked Egypt    
600 B.C.   525- Persians conquered Egypt    
500 B.C.      
400 B.C.   332- Alexander the Great conquered Egypt
305- Ptolemy I became pharaoh    Ptolemy1
300 B.C.      
200 B.C.    196- Rosetta Stone carved    
100 B.C.   31- Battle of Actium
30- Cleopatra VII died    
0 A.D.      
100 A.D.      
200 A.D.      
300 A.D.   Last use of hieroglyphic writing    
400 A.D.      
500 A.D.      
600 A.D.   642- Egypt conquered by Arabs    
700 A.D.      
800 A.D.   820- Caliph al Mamun entered the Great Pyramid    
900 A.D.   969- City of Cairo founded
Casing blocks stripped off Giza pyramids    
1000 A.D.    Casing block
1100 A.D.    
1200 A.D.      
1300 A.D.      
1400 A.D.      
1500 A.D.    1517- Ottoman Turks ruled Egypt    
1600 A.D.      
1700 A.D.    1798- Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Egypt
1799- Rosetta Stone found    Rosetta Stone
1800 A.D.   Travellers and explorers began uncovering the monuments of ancient Egypt
1822- Hieroglyphs deciphered
1859- 1869 Suez Canal built
Egyptologists began formal excavations in Egypt    
1900 A.D.   1922- Howard Carter discovered the tomb of Tutankhamun
1953- Egypt became independent
1960- Aswan High Dam built    Aswan High Dam
2000 A.D.      

http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/time/explore/main.html
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