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(XI.) HISTORY - Into the Twentieth Century

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Bianca
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« Reply #60 on: September 26, 2007, 10:57:03 am »








Aleister Crowley and the Age of Horus
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Definition: [Astrological Ages] Aleister Crowley [1875 - 1947 AD] in his Book of Law [liber AL vel Legis] [written 1904 AD, later published in a number of different editions] is said to have stated that the 'Age of Horus' had begun and the 'Age of Osiris' had ended.

Some subsequent commentators have stated that by saying this he was saying that the Age of Aquarius had begun. Is this true?

What did Crowley Actually Write?: Crowley wrote the following passages:

Abrogate are all rituals, all ordeals, all words and signs. Ra-Hoor-Khuit hath taken his seat in the East at the Equinox of the Gods; and let Asar be with Isa, who also are one. But they are not of me. Let Asar be the adorant, Isa the sufferer; Hoor in his secret name and splendour is the Lord initiating. [Book I Paragraph 49, Book of Law, written c 1904.]

Ra Hoor Khuit was indeed Lord of the Aeon, the Crowned and Conquering Child whose innocence meant no more than inhuman cruelty and wantonly senseless destructiveness as he avenged Isis our mother the Earth and the Heaven for the murder and mutilation of Osiris, Man, her son. [Chapter 7, Genesis Libri Al, written c 1920.]
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« Reply #61 on: September 26, 2007, 10:59:34 am »







For an Age of Aquarius Interpretation: Crowley is certainly referring to the start of of a new 'Aeon', and this may have something has to do with the heavens in the form of an Equinox of the Gods. However, he does not tell us what an Equinox of the Gods is, in the Book of Law nor in his later commentary on it in Genesis Libri Al. [Plutarch [c 45 - 120 AD] in Moralia [Isis and Osiris], our original account of the legend of Horus, never mentions Horus in connection with an Equinox.]

Against an Age of Aquarius Interpretation: Crowley, aside from using the word Equinox includes no other astrological references at all in the Book of Law. He does not mention an Age of Pisces. He never mentions an Age of Aquarius. In fact he doesn't mention any constellations at all. He does not mention the Precession of the Equinoxes. He also includes no such references at any place in his extensive commentary in Genesis Libri Al. [It should also be noted that the Egyptians did not associate the stars of what we now call Aquarius with Horus; Plutarch tells us that they associated stars in Orion with Horus [Plutarch Moralia [Isis and Osiris] paragraph 21.]]

Whilst Crowley thought a New Age had begun, it's fairly clear that it was not an Astrological Age, as later defined by Jung. What seems to have happened is that later commentators knowing of Jung's Astrological Age and Crowley's Age of Ra Hoor Khuit have confused the two ideas.

The final argument against an Age of Aquarius interpretation is that in 1904 Crowley stated that the Equinox of the Gods had already occurred. This would make the event some seven hundred years too early to mark the start of the Age of Aquarius.


http://www.geocities.com/astrologyages/aleistercrowleyshorus.htm
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« Reply #62 on: September 26, 2007, 11:02:09 am »


Astrosophie, Revue De La Psychologie
Personnelle, De L'Astrologie, De La Religion
Ésoterique, Des Sciences Occultes Et
Des Études Metapsychiques. Founded
1929
by Dr Françis Rolt-Wheeler .









Edward Carpenter and the Age of Aquarius
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Definition: [Astrological Ages] Looking for the first mention of the Age of Aquarius is rather like opening a series of Russian dolls... one reference leads to another. The work of Paul Le Cour, and later Jung, seems to rest in turn on work in the 1920s by the English author Edward Carpenter [1844 -1929 AD], now better known for his openly gay life style [unusual at the time], than for his works on astrology. [And in turn Carpenter's work seems to rest on that of another Englishman, Gerald Massey [1828 – 1907 AD]]

In 1929 Edward Carpenter published the following in Astrosophie:

In 1936, the Sun will enter the constellation of Aquarius, the sign of electricity, the air, ether and in religion, of the supernatural beings, the spirits, the phantoms; many people think of seeing in this moment, in the material discoveries like the etheric waves of T S. F ( = radio) and in psychic and spiritistic research of our time the beginning of the new sign on the Equinox of Spring.

By considering that the sign of the Fishes comes at once after the Bull and the Ram in the succession of the signs of the zodiac at the Spring Equinox and that it is currently the constellation in which the Sun is held at that time of the year, it does not seem impossible that the astronomical change was the determining cause of the adoption of this new symbol.

It is easy to imagine that the change of the worship of the Bull into the worship of the Lamb which incontestably took place among various people was only one ritual modification emanating of the priests for restored the harmony with the astronomical situation.

["The Symbolism of the Equinox," by Edward Carpenter, Astrosophie, Revue De La Psychologie Personnelle, De L'Astrologie, De La Religion Ésoterique, Des Sciences Occultes Et Des Études Metapsychiques, 1929 AD [the journal's first year of publication], pp 38 - 40.

[The above found in French at http://cura.free.fr/xxv/25halb20.html, and then translated into English by me - hence errors may have crept in...!]
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« Reply #63 on: September 26, 2007, 11:08:13 am »


Edward Carpenter
Photographed 1857
Aged 13






Dates and Definitions: The above are many of the key aspects of Jung's Astrological Age, two decades before Jung begins to espouse them. Furthermore, this work, with its 1936 start date for the Age, may also explain Jung's initial assumption that the Age of Aquarius began in 1940. However, why Carpenter picked 1936 is a mystery, as the Vernal Equinox Point was very firmly in the constellation of Pisces in 1936 - as it still is today. It may be that he, as many do today, was wishing for the advent of a New Age.

Pagan and Christian Creeds: Earlier, in 1920, Carpenter published "Pagan and Christian Creeds." In this he makes various references to the Vernal Equinox in history, but has not as yet conceived an Age of Aquarius concept - though he is getting very close - nor a start date for it.

Carpenter's thoughts on the Vernal Equinox are to be found in Chapter Three, "The Symbolism of the Zodiac." These are similar in tone to some of Jung's thoughts on the Age of Aries, written several decades letter and without acknowledging Carpenter. However, Carpenter and Jung notably disagree over the symbology of Christ and the Vernal Equinox. Jung sees a coincidence with the Age of Pisces, whilst Carpenter with the Age of Aries [though Carpenter does not use those terms].
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« Reply #64 on: September 26, 2007, 11:13:17 am »








The quotations from "Pagan and Christian Creeds" are reproduced below. The footnotes in green are Carpenter's.

The Vernal Equinox has all over the ancient world, and from the earliest times, been a period of rejoicing and of festivals in honor of the Sungod. It is needless to labor a point which is so well known. Everyone understands and appreciates the joy of finding that the long darkness is giving way, that the Sun is growing in strength, and that the days are winning a victory over the nights. The birds and flowers reappear, and the promise of Spring is in the air. But it may be worth while to give an elementary explanation of the astronomical meaning of this period, because this is not always understood, and yet it is very important in its bearing on the rites and creeds of the early religions. The priests who were, as I have said, the early students and inquirers, had worked out this astronomical side, and in that way were able to fix dates and to frame for the benefit of the populace myths and legends, which were in a certain sense explanations of the order of Nature, and a kind of "popular science."

[There follows at this point several paragraphs describing the astronomical nature of the Vernal Equinox which I have omitted.]

How was this location defined? Among what stars was the Sun moving at that critical moment? (For of course it was understood, or supposed, that the Sun was deeply influenced by the constellation through which it was, or appeared to be, moving.) It seems then that at the period when these questions were occupying men's minds - say about three thousand years ago* - the point where the Ecliptic crossed the Equator was, as a matter of fact, in the region of the constellation Aries or the he-Lamb. The triumph of the Sungod was therefore, and quite naturally, ascribed to the influence of Aries. The Lamb became the symbol of the risen saviour, and of his passage from the underworld into the height of heaven.** At first such an explanation sounds hazardous; but a thousand texts and references confirm it; and it is only by the accumulation of evidence in these cases that the student becomes convinced of a theory's correctness. It must also be remembered (what I have mentioned before) that these myths and legends were commonly adopted not only for one strict reason but because they represented in a general way the convergence of various symbols and inferences.

[* Modern scholarship considers this to be much closer to two thousand years ago. See the Precession of the Equinoxes for more on this..]

[** Modern scholarship has shown that the astrologers of two millennia ago remained firmly convinced that the Vernal Equinox Point was within Aries, up until about 150 AD, even though it had really entered Pisces by 100 BC. See the Zodiac Wheel for details on this. Several decades after Carpenter, Jung offers an opposite description to Carpenter for Christ and the Age of Pisces based on where the Vernal Equinox Point actually was, rather than where most astrologers of the time thought it was.]
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« Reply #65 on: September 26, 2007, 11:14:45 am »








Let me enumerate a few points with regard to the Vernal Equinox. In the Bible the festival is called the Passover, and its supposed institution by Moses is related in Exodus, ch. xii. In every house a he-lamb was to be slain, and its blood to be sprinkled on the doorposts of the house. Then the Lord would pass over and not smite that house. The Hebrew word is pasach, to pass.[1] The lamb slain was called the Paschal Lamb. But what was that lamb? Evidently not an earthly lamb--(though certainly the earthly lambs on the hillsides WERE just then ready to be killed and eaten)--but the heavenly Lamb, which was slain or sacrificed when the Lord "passed over" the equator and obliterated the constellation Aries. This was the Lamb of God which was slain each year, and "Slain since the foundation of the world." This period of the Passover (about the 25th March) was to be[2] the beginning of a new year. The sacrifice of the Lamb, and its blood, were to be the promise of redemption. The door-frames of the houses--symbols of the entrance into a new life--were to be sprinkled with blood.[3] Later, the imagery of the saving power of the blood of the Lamb became more popular, more highly colored. (See St. Paul's epistles, and the early Fathers.) And we have the expression "washed in the blood of the Lamb" adopted into the Christian Church.

[1] It is said that pasach sometimes means not so much to pass over, as to hover over and so protect. Possibly both meanings enter in here. See Isaiah xxxi. 5.

[2] See Exodus xii. i.

[3] It is even said (see The Golden Bough, vol. iii, 185) that the doorways of houses and temples in Peru were at the Spring festival daubed with blood of the first-born children--commuted afterwards to the blood of the sacred animal, the Llama. And as to Mexico, Sahagun, the great Spanish missionary, tells us that it was a custom of the people there to "smear the outside of their houses and doors with blood drawn from their own ears and ankles, in order to propitiate the god of Harvest" (Kingsborough's Mexican Antiquities, vol. vi, p. 235).
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« Reply #66 on: September 26, 2007, 11:16:04 am »








In order fully to understand this extraordinary expression and its origin we must turn for a moment to the worship both of Mithra, the Persian Sungod, and of Attis the Syrian god, as throwing great light on the Christian cult and ceremonies. It must be remembered that in the early centuries of our era the Mithra-cult was spread over the whole Western world. It has left many monuments of itself here in Britain. At Rome the worship was extremely popular, and it may almost be said to have been a matter of chance whether Mithraism should overwhelm Christianity, or whether the younger religion by adopting many of the rites of the older one should establish itself (as it did) in the face of the latter.

Now we have already mentioned that in the Mithra cult the slaying of a Bull by the Sungod occupies the same sort of place as the slaving of the Lamb in the Christian cult. It took place at the Vernal Equinox and the blood of the Bull acquired in men's minds a magic virtue. Mithraism was a greatly older religion than Christianity*; but its genesis was similar. In fact, owing to the Precession of the Equinoxes, the crossing-place of the Ecliptic and Equator was different at the time of the establishment of Mithra-worship from what it was in the Christian period; and the Sun instead of standing in the He-lamb, or Aries, at the Vernal Equinox stood, about two thousand years earlier (as indicated by the dotted line in the diagram), in this very constellation of the Bull.[1] The bull therefore became the symbol of the triumphant God, and the sacrifice of the bull a holy mystery. (Nor must we overlook here the agricultural appropriateness of the bull as the emblem of Spring-plowings and of service to man.)
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« Reply #67 on: September 26, 2007, 11:17:10 am »







1] With regard to this point, see an article in the Nineteenth Century for September 1900, by E. W. Maunder of the Greenwich Observatory on "The Oldest Picture Book" (the Zodiac). Mr. Maunder calculates that the Vernal Equinox was in the centre of the Sign of the Bull 5,000 years ago. [It would therefore be in the centre of Aries 2,845 years ago--allowing 2,155 years for the time occupied in passing from one Sign to another.**] At the earlier period the Summer solstice was in the centre of Leo, the Autumnal equinox in the centre of Scorpius, and the Winter solstice in the centre of Aquarius--corresponding roughly, Mr. Maunder points out, to the positions of the four "Royal Stars," Aldebaran, Regulus, Antares and Fomalhaut.

[* Modern scholarship disagrees with this. Mithraism is now thought to be of a very similar age to Christianity. It's a Roman mystery religion founded when the Vernal Equinox Point was entering Pisces, not when it was in Taurus.]

[** This is one of the the first known uses of the Platonic Month concept. [See Massey's work for an even earlier use.] This use is Carpenter's not Maunder's. Maunder in The Oldest Picture Book carefully notes that: "The Signs of the Zodiac are not of perfectly equal extent. Cancer, for instance, only represents about 19 degrees of longitude; Virgo covers about 43 degrees," a fact which invalidates the simple idea of using twelve equal Platonic Months to measure the amount of time for the Vernal Equinox Point to go from one sign to another. It's possible that Carpenter's incorrect use of a Platonic Months idea may have contributed to his later highly inaccurate start date of 1936 for the beginning of the Age of Aquarius... Which probably influenced Jung - and thus the idea of a New Agewas born early...]


http://www.geocities.com/astrologyages/edwardcarpenteraquarius.htm
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« Reply #68 on: September 26, 2007, 11:19:31 am »


Front Page of Ere du Verseau.
Avènement de Ganyméde
The Era [or Age] of Aquarius.
The Advent of Ganymede.
Dated 1937 AD.






Paul Le Cour and the Age of Aquarius
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Definition: [Astrological Ages] Paul Le Cour [1871 - 1954 AD] published in 1937 a work entitled Ere du Verseau. Avènement de Ganyméde, which translates as the Age of Aquarius, the Advent of Ganymede.* Le Cour's start date for Age of Aquarius was 2160 AD.

This appears to be the first book ever written concerning the Age of Aquarius. However, Le Cour remains essentially unknown in the English-speaking world. This may be for two reasons. Firstly, the French-language Ere du Verseau. Avènement de Ganyméde seems never to have been translated into English. Secondly, Le Cour was thought by many to be an antisemite. This would not have endeared him to Carl Gustav Jung, the subsequent populariser of the Age of Aquarius, and Jung never refers to Le Cour in his writings. However, Ere du Verseau predates Jung's first recorded mention of the Age of Aquarius by some three years.

* Ganymede in the original Ancient Greek tale was immortalised by Zeus as the constellation Aquarius. He was cupbearer to the Gods, taken up to heaven on account of his transcendent beauty. [He was also Zeus's lover.]

Le Cour's Age of Aquarius: Le Cour's earlier Age of Aquarius differs from Jung's in one very notable aspect. Whereas Jung saw the start of the Age of Aquarius as the end of the Christian "Era of the Fishes," Le Cour saw it in the opposite fashion, as a Second Advent of Jesus, albeit perhaps Christianity without its original Jewish roots.

A part of the charge of antisemitism against Le Cour lies in the difference between the first and second editions of Ere du Verseau. The first edition contains a chapter on Jewish and Christain accord, in which Le Cour writes "One of the great events of the Era of Aquarius must be logically the reconciliation of the Jews and the Christians." And that a "Temple of Solomon" would be restored. This chapter is removed from the second edition. However, it must be born in mind that the second edition was published in the early 1940s when France was under Nazi occupation.
 
 

Front Page of Ere du Verseau. Avènement de Ganyméde The Era [or Age] of Aquarius. The Advent of Ganymede. Dated 1937 AD.
 

Did Le Cour Originate the Age of Aquarius? A reading of Ere du Verseau indicates that Le Cour was rather a bad astrologer. Notably he didn't seem to understand the Movement of the Vernal Equinox Point, the reason for the Movement of the Ages, and notably confuses the Tropical and Sidereal Zodiac, not understanding that an Astrological Age can only happen in a Sidereal Zodiac system. It's clear then that the answer to this question is: No. Le Cour, in turn, was relying on the work of others. See Edward Carpenter for more details.
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« Reply #69 on: September 26, 2007, 11:23:24 am »







Alice Bailey and the Ageless Wisdom
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Definition: [Astrological Ages] Alice A. Bailey [1880 - 1949 AD] claimed she was receiving 'Ageless Wisdom', which she published in her books, telepathically from an entity known as Master Tibetan, Djwhal Khul. Bailey's work followed the 'Theosophical' tradition started by Helena Blavatsky.

Some subsequent commentators have commented that her work predicted the start of the Age of Aquarius before anyone else. Is this true?

Alice Bailey's 'Ageless Wisdom' - Better Late than Never: The first place in Bailey's writings where we find a reference to something like an Age of Aquarius is her book entitled Discipleship in the New Age - Volume I [published in 1944]. Whilst this is contemporaneous with Jung's writings on the subject, it is a decade later than Le Cour and Carpenter. It seems Djwhal Khul was a little slow in his telepathic transmissions. However, at least Bailey's use of the phrase 'New Age' appears very early in the history of the subject.

A quote from that Part I of Volume 1 is given below.

It is of importance that you realize that today something new is happening. There is the emergence of a new kingdom in nature, the fifth kingdom; this is the Kingdom of God on earth or the kingdom of souls. It is precipitating on earth and will be composed of those who are becoming group-conscious and who can work in group formation. This will be possible, because these people will have achieved a self-initiated perfection (even if relative in nature) and will be identified with certain group expansions of consciousness. It will also be because they have arrived at love of their fellowmen, just as they have loved themselves in the past. Think on this with clarity, my brothers, and grasp, if you can, the full significance of this last sentence...

...Group endeavor, carried forward as a group, to love all beings and to apprehend and understand the true significance of the Aquarian technique of group love and work.


http://www.geocities.com/astrologyages/alicebaileysagelesswisdom.htm
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« Reply #70 on: September 26, 2007, 11:26:31 am »





FOR               

                                                     C. G .   J U N G


PLEASE GO HERE:


http://atlantisonline.smfforfree2.com/index.php/topic,3560.0.html




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