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                                                I S L A M I C   A S T R O L O G Y





From:
Wikipedia


Islamic astrology, in Arabic ilm al-nujum or ilm al-falak, is the study of the heavens by early Muslims.

In early Arabic sources, ilm al-nujum was used to refer to both astronomy and astrology.

In medieval sources, however, a clear distinction was made between ilm al-nujum (science of the stars) or ilm al-falak (science of the celestial orbs), referring to astrology, and ilm al-hay'ah (science of the figure of the heavens), referring to astronomy.

Both fields were rooted in Greek, Persian, and Indian traditions. Despite consistent critiques of astrology by scientists and religious scholars, astrological prognostications required a fair amount of exact scientific knowledge and thus gave partial incentive for the study and development of astronomy.

The earliest semantic distinction between astronomy and astrology was given by the Persian astronomer and astrologer Abu Rayhan al-Biruni circa 1000.