Message #204402

[Jennifer Murdoch]

Kardashev also examined  the  possibilities  in cosmic communication
       which attend the investment of most  of  the  available  power  into
       communication.  A Type II civilization could transmit  the  contents
       of one hundred  thousand  average-sized  books  across the galaxy, a
       distance of one  hundred  thousand   light   years,   in   a   total
       transmitting time of one hundred seconds.  The transmission  of  the
       same information intended  for  a  target  ten  million  light years
       distant, a typical intergalactic distance, would take a transmission
       time of a few weeks.

       A Type III civilization could transmit the same information over a
       distance of ten billion light years, approximately the radius of the
       observable Universe, with a transmission time of just three seconds.

       Kardashev and Zhuravlev (1992) considered  that the highest level of
       development corresponds to the highest level of utilization of solid
       space structures and the highest level of energy consumption.

       For this assumption, they considered the temperature  of solid space
       structures in the  range  3  Kelvin  s T s 300 K, the consumption of
       energy in the  range  1 Luminosity  (Sun)  s  L  s  10exp12  L(Sun),
       structures with sizes up to 100 kiloparsecs (kpc),  and distances up
       to Dw 1000 mega-parsecs (mpc).  One parsec equals 3.26 light years.