European Megalithic Culture

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Type: Chambered cairn
Country: England
County: Cheshire
Nearest Town: Congleton
Coordinates: 53.156845° N 2.142029° WCoordinates: 53.156845° N 2.142029° W

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Condition in 1766
The state of the site was recorded in 1766 by Henry Rowland in Mona Antiqua Restaurata.

<sub>“ There are six upright free stones, from three to six feet broad, of various heights and shapes, fixed about six feet from each other in a semicircular form, and two within, where the earth is very black, mixed with ashes and oak-charcoal. It is apprehended the circle was originally complete, and twenty-seven feet in diameter; for there is the appearance of holes where stones have been, and also of two single stones, one standing ecst of the circle, at about five or six yards distance, and the other at the same distance from that.
A little west of the above stones are two rough, square tapering stones 4ft. 3in. broad and 2ft. thick, standing at the north and south angles of a kind of artificial stone cave or chest. This is paved with broken pieces of stones about 2 1/2 inches thick, overlaying some pounded whitestone about six inches deep; two inches of the upper part of which are tinged with black, supposed from ashes falling through the pavement which was covered with them and oak-charcoal about two inches thick, along with several pieces of burnt bones. The sides of the cave, if I may so call it, were composed of two unhewn stones about 18 feet in length, six in height and fourteen inches thick at a medium. Each of them is now broken in two.

There is a partition stone across the place, about five feet and a half high, and six inches thick. A circular hole is cut through this stone, about nineteen inches and a half in diameter.

There remains another place of the same construction but smaller and without any inward partition, about 55 yards distance from this. It is 2 1/2 yards long, 2 1/2 feet broad and 3ft. 2in. high. There is also part of another.

There was a large heap of stones that covered the whole, 120 yards long and 12 yards broad. These stones have been taken away from time to time by masons and other people for various purposes. And in the year 1764 several hundred loads were carried away for making a turnpike road about 60 yards from this place, which laid it open for examination.
 ”
—Henry Rowland, Mona Antiqua Restaurata.[3]</sub>
 

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Concrete now joins two pieces of one of the portal stones together.

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Subsequent destruction

The largest single ransacking of the monument was the removal of several hundred tons to construct the nearby turnpike road. Stones from the monument were also taken to build the nearby house and farm; other stones were used in an ornamental garden in Tunstall Park. The holed stone was broken some time before 1854; the top half was found replaced in 1877, but was gone again by 1935.

While the southern side of the main chamber was originally a single, 18ft long stone, it was split in 1843 by a picknicker's bonfire. Of the portal stones, only two remain, one of which is broken and concreted back together. This was reputedly caused by an engineer from the Manchester Ship Canal, who used the stone to demonstrate a detonator.

Excavations of the site were done by Professor Fleur of Manchester University in 1936 and 1937, with the aim of restoring the site as much as possible to its former condition.

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Brownshill Dolmen

The Brownshill Dolmen (Dolmain Chnoc an Bhrúnaigh in Irish) is situated 3 km east of Carlow Town in County Carlow, Ireland.

It lies just off the R726 regional road and is clearly visible from the road.

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History

It was built between 4000 and 3000 BC by some of the earliest farmers to inhabit the island. It is also known as Brownshill Portal Tomb, so-called because the entrance to the burial chamber was flanked by two large upright stones (orthostats) supporting the granite capstone, or roof, of the chamber. The capstone is thought to have been covered by an earthen mound and a gate stone blocked the entrance.

At Brownshill both portal stones and the gate-stone are still in situ; the capstone lies on top of the portals and gate-stone and slopes to the ground away from the entrance. Not much additional information is available on Brownshill because it has never been excavated.

The capstone at Brownshill, weighing an estimated 150 tonnes, is the largest discovered in Europe.

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Gate-stone flanked by the two portal stones supporting the capstone

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Brownshill Dolmen - seen from the road; silhouette of tourists indicates scale

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Wéris (Belgique/Belgium), le fameux site mégalithique./ the famous megalithic site

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Wéris (Belgique/Belgium), le fameux site mégalithique./ the famous megalithic site

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Wéris (Belgique/Belgium), le fameux site mégalithique./ the famous megalithic site

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Development of the European Megalithic Culture

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Spread of Megalith_culture_in_Europe