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Vilcabamba, last refuge of the Incas

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Isis
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« on: July 22, 2007, 10:41:25 pm »

Vilcabamba a city founded by Manco Inca in 1539 and was the last refuge of the Inca Empire until it fell to the Spaniards in 1572, signalling the end of Inca resistance to Spanish rule.
« Last Edit: July 22, 2007, 10:50:36 pm by Isis » Report Spam   Logged

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Isis
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« Reply #1 on: July 22, 2007, 10:42:35 pm »



Edmundo Guillen and Elżbieta Dzikowska in the ruins of Vilcabamba, photo taken by Tony Halik in 1976
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Isis
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« Reply #2 on: July 22, 2007, 10:43:36 pm »

History

After the Incan empire fell, the city was burned and the area swiftly became a remote backwater of Peru. The location of Vilcabamba was forgotten.

The ruins of the city were rediscovered by Hiram Bingham in 1911 in a remote forest site 130 km west of Cuzco called Espíritu Pampa, but he failed to realize its significance, to believe that Machu Picchu, which he also rediscovered, was the fabled "Lost City of the Incas". It wasn't until the explorations and discoveries of Antonio Santander and Gene Savoy in the 1960s, however, that many came to see this site at Espíritu Pampa as the real Vilcabamba of legend.

In 1976 Prof. Edmundo Guillen and Polish explorers Tony Halik and Elżbieta Dzikowska again found the ruins. However, before the expedition in a museum in Seville Guillen discovered letters from Spaniards, in which they were describing the progress of the invasion and what they found in Vilcabamba. Comparison between the letters' content and the ruins provided additional proof of the location of Vilcabamba.

Later archeological work by Vincent Lee and research by John Hemming gave further confirmation that Espíritu Pampa was generally accepted as the historical Vilcabamba.

On 16 June 2006 in a museum in Cuzco a plaque that commemorates the thirtieth anniversary of the Vilcabamba discovery has been unveiled. Among others there are the names of the "first proof expedition": Guillen, Halik and Dzikowska.


The lost city of Vilcabamba features in the educational computer game series the Amazon Trail, the Tomb Raider computer game, and its remake Tomb Raider: Anniversary and also the book Evil Star by Anthony Horowitz. Vilcabamba is also a playable level in the Playstation 2 Role-playing game Shadow Hearts: From the New World.

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Isis
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« Reply #3 on: July 22, 2007, 10:44:46 pm »



Tree over structure.
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Isis
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« Reply #4 on: July 22, 2007, 10:45:52 pm »



Vilcabamba view.
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« Reply #5 on: July 22, 2007, 10:47:08 pm »



Vilcabamba Inca water fall view.
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« Reply #6 on: July 22, 2007, 10:49:00 pm »



Vilcabamba Inca water fall view.
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« Reply #7 on: July 22, 2007, 10:53:31 pm »



Spaniards executing Tupac Amaru in 1572, drawing by Guaman Poma de Ayala
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Isis
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« Reply #8 on: July 22, 2007, 10:55:05 pm »

In Cuzco in 1589, Don Mancio Serra de Leguisamo —the last survivor of the original conquerors of Peru—wrote in the preamble of his will, the following, in parts:

"We found these kingdoms in such good order, and the said Incas governed them in such wise [manner] that throughout them there was not a thief, nor a vicious man, nor an adulteress, nor was a bad woman admitted among them, nor were there immoral people. The men had honest and useful occupations. The lands, forests, mines, pastures, houses and all kinds of products were regulated and distributed in such sort that each one knew his property without any other person seizing it or occupying it, nor were there law suits respecting it… the motive which obliges me to make this statement is the discharge of my conscience, as I find myself guilty. For we have destroyed by our evil example, the people who had such a government as was enjoyed by these natives. They were so free from the committal of crimes or excesses, as well men as women, that the Indian who had 100,000 pesos worth of gold or silver in his house, left it open merely placing a small stick against the door, as a sign that its master was out. With that, according to their custom, no one could enter or take anything that was there. When they saw that we put locks and keys on our doors, they supposed that it was from fear of them, that they might not kill us, but not because they believed that anyone would steal the property of another. So that when they found that we had thieves among us, and men who sought to make their daughters commit sin, they despised us."
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