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Plato as Prehistorian

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Helios
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« on: February 11, 2007, 03:29:02 am »

1,306 B.C. - Muwatallish / Hittites - "Muwatallish rules [1,306-1,282 B.C.] the Hittites. Under his reign the Hittites fought and won the battle of Kadesh against Rameses II."
1,304 B.C. - Annals / Ramesses II - "The annals of Ramesses II [1304-1237 BC] specify that Semitic people were settled in the land of Goshen and it is further explained that they went there from Canaan for want of food."

1,301 B.C. - Solar Eclipse - "Early Chinese Eclipse [June 5th]."

1,300 B.C. - Iron Age / Caucasian Foothills - "About 1,300 B.C. the technique for smelting and carbonizing iron was developed in the Caucasian foothills under the Hittites. This marked the beginning of the Iron Age."

1,300 B.C. - Abecedary - "The earliest example of an abecedary [a list of the letters in an alphabet in the some kind of order] was found in the city of Ugarit. This abecedary shows a total of 30 symbols used in the Ugaritic script."

1,300 B.C. - South Arabian Script - "The South Arabian alphabet was used primarily in the Sabaean and Minaean kingoms in the Southern edge of the Arabian Peninsula. It is thought to have diverged from the Proto-Canaanite alphabet as early as 1,300 BCE, and a developing form appeared in Babylonia and near Elath of the Gulf of Aqaba around the 8th/7th centuries BCE."

1,300 B.C.

1,300 B.C. - Status / Ur - Reportedly: "As late as the 13th century B.C., one of the northern Urs [Ur colonies] was an active community of merchants in the service of the Hittite kings."

1,295 B.C. - 19th Egyptian Dynasty  - "The 19th Egyptian Dynasty  [1295 B.C.- 1294 B.C.]."

1,294 B.C. - Egyptian Influence / Canaan - "An Egyptian stronghold was excavated at the site of Beth-shean to the south of the sea of Galilee in the 1920's. Its various structures and courtyards contained statues and enscribed heiroglyphic monuments from the days of the pharaohs Seti I [1294-1279 BCE], Ramesses II [1279-1213 BCE], and Ramsees III [1184-1153 BCE]. The ancient Canaanite city of Megiddo disclosed evidence of strong Egyptian influence as late as the days of Ramesses VI, who ruled toward the end of the twelfh century BCE. This was long after the supposed conquest of Canaan by the Israelites. Other indications - both literary and archaeological - seem to show that in the 13th century BCE, the grip of Egypt on Canaan was stronger than ever."

1,279 B.C. - Ramesses II / Egypt - "Egyptian sources report that the city of Pi-Ramesses ['The House of Ramesses'] was built in the delta in the days of the great Egyptian king Ramesses II, who ruled 1,279-1,213 BCE, and that Semites were apparently employed in its construction." [The Bible Unearthed, Israel Finkelstein & Neil Asher Silberman, p. 57]

*Trivia: "The identification of Ramesses II as the pharaoh of the Exodus came as the result of modern scholarly assumptions based on the identification of the place-name Pi-Ramesses with Raamses [Exodus1:11; 12:37]. In regard to the Biblical Exodus, beyond a vague reference to the Israelites' fear of taking  the coastal route, there is no mention of the Egyptian forts in northern Sinai or their strongholds in Canaan."

Trivia: "By tradition, Rameses II is the Pharaoh under whom the Israelites were enslaved and in whose court Moses grew to manhood. However there is nothing outside the Bible to support this." [Asimov's Chronology Of The World, Isaac Asimov, p. 42]

1,275 B.C. - Assyrian Victory / Mitanni -  "Assyria conquers the Mitanni kingdom, as Assyria enters its first period of strength."

1,274 B.C. - Shalmaneser I / Assyria - "Shalmaneser  I rules [1274-1245 B.C.] in Assyria."

1,260 B.C. - Uranus-Neptune Conjunction -

1,250 B.C. - Incas - "According to popular history, beginning about 1,250 B.C., several advanced cultures, such as the Chavin, Chimu, Nazca, and Tiahuanaco, developed in different parts of Peru."

1,245 B.C. - Tukultininurta I / Assyria - "Tukultininurta I rules [1245-1208 B.C.] in Assyria."

1,235 B.C. - Nimrod / Assyria -  "According to popular history, Tukulti-Ninurta I [Nimrod] rules in Assyria."

1,230 B.C. - Israelite Conquest? / Canaan - "A suggested date for the Israeli conquest of Canaan."

1,223 B.C. - Israel Mentioned / Merneptah Stele - "The earliest mention of Israel in an extrabiblical text was found in Egypt in the stele describing the campaign of Pharaoh Merneptah - the son of Ramesses II - in Canaan at the very end of the thirteenth century BCE. The inscription tells of a destructive Egyptian campaign into Canaan, in the course of which a people named Israel were decimated to the extent that the pharoah boasted that Israel's 'seed is not!' The boast was clearly an empty one, but it did indicate that some group known as Israel was already in Canaan by that time. In fact, dozens of settlements that were linked with the early Israelites appeared in the hill country of Canaan around that time. So if a historical Exodus took place, scholars have argued, it must have occured in the late thirteenth century BCE." [The Bible Unearthed, Israel Finkelstein & Neil Asher Silberman, p. 57]

1,220 B.C. - Status / Palestine - "Around 1200 B.C. Egypt lost control over Palestine and the Palestinian Canaanites controlled Palestine. During the Late Bronze Age c. 1220 or c. 1190 B.C. the Egyptian Hebrew [Israelite] tribes left Egypt with Moses through Sinai to the area south of Jordan and North West of Saudi Arabia [Mizraim] where they became by time powerful enough to group and invade some parts of Palestine which was inhabited by several groups of people. In this process the Egyptian Hebrews had to fight the Hill tribes of the Amorites and to conquer the Amorites kings Sihon and Og. During the Early Iron Age as Egypt lost control over Palestine, Palestine was invaded by Hebrew tribes from the north then by the Aegean [the Sea People] Philistines who by time controlled all Palestine. By that time, The Early Iron Age, several different people were living in Palestine: - Ammonites [the descendants of Amon, the son of the younger daughter of Lot, the son of Haran and nephew of Abraham; they were a transjordanic tribe] - Amorites - Canaanites [the Gibeonites] Hill people from Gibeon one of the four cities of the Hivites] - Edomites, Idumeans [The descendants of Esau] who were forcibly converted to Judaism by John Hyrcanus c. 125 B.C. and incorporated with the Jewish nation] - Hebrews [other than the Egyptian Hebrews] - Hittite [the descendants of Hath, the second son of Canaan, who were called the Hyksos by the Egyptians] - Hivites [a Canaanite nation that lived in four cities in Palestine: Gibeon, Chephirah, Beeroth and Kirjath-Jearim] - Horites, Horimes [cave-dwellers of Mount Seir] - Hurries - Khabiri - Jebusites [a Canaanite tribe that lived in the mountain; Jerusalem was their capital] - Leahhites [Mountain people from Mount Lebanon. They were descendants of Leah, the elder daughter of Laban, the son of Bethuel, and grand-nephew of Abraham] - Mitannies, Moabites [descendants of Moab, the eldest son of the eldest daughter of Lot, the son of Haran and nephew of Abraham. The Moabites spoke a dialect of Hebrew and gave a kindly reception to the Egyptian Israelites in the East of The Dead Sea] and - Philistines [the Sea People]. Some of these different people were Semites and the others were Hemites." Link: 1

1,211 B.C. - Fatality / Merneptah -  "Traditional date for the death of Merneptah."

1,200 B.C. - Plilistine Invasion / Asia Minor - "About 1,200 B.C. tribesmen called Phrygians [Philistines] invade Asia Minor. The Hittite empire comes to an end. The Phrygians were also known as 'The Sea People.' "

1,200 B.C. - Tarshish Founded  - "Tarshish founded by colonists from Tyre."

1,200 B.C. - Jericho Destroyed - "By 1,200 B.C. Canaan was virtually in anarchy, and Jericho which had existed for nearly 7,000 years, was temporarily destroyed."

1,200 B.C.

1,200 B.C. - Status / Ugarit - Reportedly: "Ugarit provides us with the clearest picture of what was happening in the Near East during the Amarna Age. The community might be called Semitic, because the official language [Ugaritic] is clearly Semitic. However, there was an influencial Aegean enclave there, attested by Cypro-Minoan texts, Mycenaean art objects, and the presence of a Caphtorian god in the Ugaritic pantheon. Hittites, Hurrians, Alashiyans and other segments of the community are mentioned in the tablets. Assyrian and Egyptian enclaves are recorded side by side, though Ugarit certainly did not belong to either the Assyrian or Egyptian kings. What we see at Ugarit is the interpenetration of commercial empires. At that important city, at the crossroads of east-west and north-south traffic, representatives of the Aegean, Hittite, Hurrian, Mesopotamian, Canaanite, Egyptian and other populations met to conduct their affairs in an international order. The ancient Canaanite city-state of Ugarit is of utmost importance for those who study the Old Testament. The literature of the city and the theology contained therein go a very long way in helping us to understand the meaning of various Biblical passages as well as aiding us in deciphering difficult Hebrew words. Ugarit was at its political, religious and economic height around the 12th century B.C. and thus its period of greatness corresponds with the entry of Israel into Canaan."

1,200 B.C. - Phoenician Alphabet - "The Phoenician alphabet evolved from the more 'naturalistic' sytle of Proto-Canaanite into a more linear form during the 12th century B.C. or so. Most of the alphabets used today are descended from Phoenician. The immediate offspring of Phoenician were the old Hebrew alphabet, and Aramaic, as well as Archaic Greek according to tradition. The Hebrew alphabet was also used by Moabites as well as Israelites. This alphabet, though, eventually disappeared from the mainstream, and survived as the Samaritan script. Aramaic, on the other hand, became extremely popular, and many people adopted it."

1,200 B.C. - Hebrew Alphabet - "According to reports: The Hebrews adopted the alphabet in the twelfth or eleventh century B.C., but only one Hebrew inscription - the Gezer Calendar [which may, in fact, be Phoenician] - is known to be older than the eighth century B.C. Although it is likely that the Hebrew script was widely used in the ninth century, even by Israel's eastern neighbors [Mesha Stone], virtually no ninth-century Hebrew incriptions are known to date. In the Old Testament, the Hebrews never call their language 'Hebrew' or 'Israelite,' but quite correctly 'the language of Canaan.' "

1,196 B.C. - Uranus-Pluto Conjunction -

1,190 B.C. - Rameses III / Egypt - "Rameses III rules [1188-1156 B.C.] Egypt and defeats the Philistines."

1,186 B.C. - 20th Egyptian Dynasty  - "A traditional date for the 20th Egyptian Dynasty  [1186 B.C.-1069 B.C.]."

1,184 B.C. - Trojan War  - "A traditional date for the Trojan War."

1,170 B.C. - Israelites Enter Canaan - "A traditional date when the Israelites entered Canaan. Also, a time when the Philistines were thought to have settled the coast [Joshua]."

1,150 B.C. - Period of Judges - "According to popular history, Barak and Deborah defeat Sisera; period of Judges."

1,116 B.C. - Tiglath-Pilesar I / Assyria - "Tiglath-Pilesar I rules in Assyria."

1,100 B.C. - Greeks / Asia Minor Coast  - "Gideon defeats Midianites; Greeks begin to settle Asia Minor coast."

1,100 B.C. - South Arabian Script - "At around 1,300 BC, a branch of the evolving Proto-Canaanite broke off and spread into the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula. This Proto-Arabian script eventually evolved by the 5th century B.C. into the highly elegant South Arabian script."

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