Helios
|
|
« on: February 11, 2007, 03:27:45 am » |
|
1,491 - Biblical Exodus - "According to standard Bible chronology, the Hebrews went to Egypt some three centuries before the time of Ramesses and made their exodus in about 1,491 BC, long before he came to the throne." 1,483 B.C. - Tuthmosis III / Canaan - "Tuthmosis III led Egyptian armies into Asia in 1,483 B.C. and conquered Canaan. He then marched farther northward and defeated Mitanni."
1,480 B.C. - Military Expansion / Egypt - "Following Queen Hatsheput's death, Thothmes III [her brother] began a campaign of military expansion which transformed Egypt into a world power."
1,479 B.C. - Canaanite Defeat / Megiddo - "Thutmose III defeats Canaanites at Megiddo."
1,475 B.C. - Egyptian Occupation / Palestine - "During the early period of The New Kingdom the Egyptian armies liberated Palestine Around 1475 B.C. Palestine revolted against the rule of the Egyptian Queen Hatshepsut. The next Egyptian Pharaoh Tuthmosis III reoccupied Palestine." Links: 1
1,450 B.C. - Uranus-Pluto Conjunction -
1,450 B.C. - Amenophis II Rules Egypt - "Amenophis II [son of Thutmosis III] rules [1450-1425 B.C.] Egypt. By 1,450 B.C. Egypt had reached its maximum expansion."
1,450 B.C. - Egyptian Province / Palestine - "Palestine stayed as an Egyptian province during The Amarna Period 1450-1350 B.C." Links: 1
1,450 B.C. - Tyre Founded - "Tyre founded by colonists from Sidon."
1,450 B.C. - Ugarit Culture - "The conception of a messenger of God that underlies Biblical prophecy was reportedly Amorite [West Semitic] and found in the tablets at Mari. Mesopotamian religious and cultural conceptions are reflected in Biblical cosmogony, primeval history [including the Flood story in Gen. 6:9-8:22], and law collections. The Canaanite component of Israelite culture consisted of the Hebrew language and a rich literary heritage - whose Ugaritic form [which flourished in the northern Syrian city of Ugarit from the mid-15th century to about 1200 B.C.] illuminates the Bible's poetry, style, mythological allusions, and religiocultic terms. Though plainer when compared with some of the learned literary creations of Mesopotamia, Canaan, and Egypt, the earliest Biblical writings are so imbued with contemporary ancient Middle Eastern elements that the once-held assumption that Israelite religion began on a primitive level must be rejected. Late-born amid high civilizations, the Israelite religion had from the start that admixture of high and low features characteristic of all the known religions of the area. Implanted on the land bridge between Africa and Asia, it was exposed to crosscurrents of foreign thought throughout its history."
1,440 B.C. - Biblical Exodus - "I Kings 6:1 tells us that the start of the construction of the Temple in the fourth year of Solomon's reign took place 480 years after the Exodus. According to a correlation of the regnal dates of Israelite kings with outside Egyptian and Assyrian sources, this would roughly place the Exodus in 1,440 B.C. That is more than a hundred years after the date of the Egyptian expulsion of the Hyksos, around 1,570 B.C." [The Bible Unearthed, Israel Finkelstein & Neil Asher Silberman, p. 56]
1,431 B.C. - Uranus-Neptune Conjunction -
1,417 B.C. - Amenophis III Rules Egypt - "Amenophis III, the grandson of Thutmosis III, rules Egypt form 1417- 1379 B.C."
1,413 B.C. - Joseph In Egypt - "Reportedly, Joseph was in Egypt not in the early 18th century BC, but in the early 15th century BC. There he was appointed Chief Minister to Tuthmosis IV [1413-1405]. To the Egyptians, however, Joseph [Yusuf the viser] was known as Yuya and his story is particularly revealing - not just in the biblical account of Joseph, but also in respect to Moses." [Laurence Gardner]
1,400 B.C. - Hsiung-nu - "From 1,400 B.C., but particularly around 200 B.C., Chinese chroniclers mention the existence of war-like tribes of nomads which they refer to as the 'Hiung-nu' or 'Hsiung-nu' who were posing a threat to the empire. These were some of the earliest reference to the evolving and growing race of nomadic warriors who were to become the Turks."
1,400 B.C. - Traditions / East Mediterranean - "Reportedly, prior to the Amarna Age [i.e., before 1,400 B.C.] Egyptian, Canaanite, Mesopotamian, Anatolian, Aegean and other influences met around the East Mediterranean to form an international order, by which each in turn was effected. Out of the Amarna Age order emerged the earliest traditions of Israel and Greece."
1,400 B.C. - Surya / Middle East - "Clay tablets from about 1,400 B.C. Egypt testify to gods with Iranian names in Syria and Palestine, and plainly enough, Syria and Assyria contain the name, Surya, itself, 'sura' being a common adjective in Persian scriptures meaning 'strong' or 'mighty,' evidently derived from the word 'surya.' "
1,400 B.C. - Mycenaean Greeks - "After the destruction of Knossos the Mycenaean civilization replaced the Minoan. Bronze weapons, war scenes on art, Cyclopean defense walls and the burial of male warriors with their weapons indicates that the Mycenaeans were militaristic. The horse drawn chariot emerged about this time. The Mycenaeans dominated the Aegean world for about 200 years."
1,400 B.C. - Phoenician Language - "The Phoenicians, located between Babylonia and Egypt, could not trade easily unless they could handle both languages. Attempts to work out a simpler writing code had begun as early as 1400 B.C., but without total success."
1,400 B.C.
1,400 B.C. - Ball-Habad / Canaan - "The myth of Marduk and Tiamat seems to have influenced the people of Canaan, who told a very similar story about Baal-Habad, the god of storm and fertility, who is often mentioned in extremely unflattering terms in the Bible. The story of Baal's battle with Yam-Nahar, the god of the seas and rivers, is told on tablets that date to the fourteenth century BCE. Baal and Yam both lived with El, the Canaanite High God. At the council of El, Yam demands that Baal be delivered up to him. With two magic weapons, Baal defeats Yam and is about to kill him when Asherah [El's wife and mother of the gods] pleads that it is dishonorable to slay a prisoner. Baal is ashamed and spares Yam, who represents the hostile aspect of the seas and rivers which constantly threaten to flood the earth, while Baal, the Storm God, makes the earth fertile. In another version of the myth, Baal slays the seven-headed dragon Lotan, who is called Leviathan in Hebrew. In almost all cultures the dragon symbolizes the latent, the unformed and the undifferentiated. Baal has thus halted the slide back to primal formlessness in a truly creative act and is rewarded by a beautiful palace built by the gods in his honor. In very early religion, therefore, creativity was seen as divine: we still use religious language to speak of creative 'inspiration' which shapes reality anew and brings fresh meaning to the world. "But Baal undergoes a reverse: he dies and has to descend to the world of Mot, the god of death and sterility. When he hears of his son's fate, the High God El comes down from his throne, puts on sackcloth and gashes his cheeks, but he cannot redeem his son. It is Anat, Baal's lover and sister, who leaves the divine realm and goes in search of her twin soul, 'desiring him as a cow her calf or a ewe her lamb.' When she finds his body, she makes a funeral feast in his honor, seizes Mot, cleaves him with her sword, winnows, burns and grinds him like corn before sowing him in the ground. Similar stories are told about the other great goddesses - Inana, Ishtar, and Isis - who search for the dead god and bring new life to the soil. The victory of Anat, however must be perpetuated year after year in ritual celebration. Later - we are not sure how, since our sources are incomplete - Baal is brought back to life and restored to Anat. This apotheosis of wholeness and harmony, symbolized by the union of the sexes, was celebrated by means of ritual sex in ancient Canaan. By imitating the gods in this way, men and women would share their struggle against sterility and ensure creativity and fertility of the world. The death of a god, the quest of the goddess and the triumphant return to the divine sphere were constant religious themes in many cultures and would recur in the very different religion of the One God worshipped by Jews, Christians and Muslims." [A History of God, Karen Armstrong, pp. 10-11]
1,394 B.C. - Birth / Aminadab [Moses] - "Reportedly, Aminadab was born the son of Tiye and Joseph [Yuya]. He was subsequently set afloat downstream in a basket of reeds in order to save his life. Other words associated with Aminadab include: Moses."
1,390 B.C. - Height of Power / Hittites - "Hittites at height of power."
1,379 B.C. - Amenophis IV [Akhenaton] Rules Egypt - "According to popular history, Amenophis IV who ruled Egypt from 1379-1362 B.C. is the first person we know [as a historic figure and not as a legend] who was a monotheist and believed in a single God - in his case, the Sun-God, or Aton. He renamed himself Akhenaton ['servent of Aton'] and founded a new capital between Memphis and Thebes which is called Akhetaton ['place of power of Aton']."
1,375 B.C. - Suppiluliumas I / Hittites - "Suppiluliumas I rules [1375-1334 B.C.] the Hittites."
1,375 B.C. - Status / Palestine - "North Palestine was invaded by the Phoenicians and then the Hittite around 1375 B.C. The rest of Palestine stayed under the Egyptian control. The Egyptian Pharaohs Siti I then Rameses II managed to expel the Hittites from Palestine." Link: 1
1,374 B.C. - Mussilish II / Hittites - "Mussilish II, the son of Suppiluliumas I, rules [1334-1306 B.C.] the Hittites."
1,362 B.C. - Tutankhamen Rules Egypt - "The sun-in-law of Akhenaton, Tutankhamen, rules Egypt from 1362-1352 B.C., a time in which the old religion was restored. The tumb of Tutankhamen was discovered, intact, in 1922."
1,339 B.C. - Uranus-Pluto Conjunction -
1,320 B.C. - Ramesses / Egypt - "The first pharaoh named Ramesses came to the throne only in 1,320 BCE - more than a century after the traditional Biblical date. As a result, many scholars have tended to dismiss the literal value of the Biblical dating." [The Bible Unearthed, Israel Finkelstein & Neil Asher Silberman, p. 56]
|