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News: Ruins of 7,000-year-old city found in Egypt oasis
http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20080129/wl_mideast_afp/egyptarchaeology
 
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Plato as Prehistorian

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Helios
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« on: February 11, 2007, 03:18:55 am »

2,500 B.C. - Destruction / Gezer - "The site was destroyed approximately in the 25th century, based on finds of Khirbet Kerak ware."
2,500 B.C. - Chinese Pyramids - "Hartwig Hausdorf, a researcher in Germany, sent over these photographs from his collection, taken during his 1994 trip to the Forbidden Zone in The Shensi Province in China. Estimates for an age are 4,500 years old, but Hausdorf mentions the diaries of two Australian traders who, in 1912, met an old Buddhist monk who told them these pyramids are mentioned in the 5,000 year old records of his monastery as being 'very old'."

2,500 B.C. - Bronze Age / Canaan  - "A traditional date when the Bronze age reached Canaan."

2,496 B.C. - Utah Villiages - "Archaeologists led reporters into a remote canyon Wednesday [06/30/04] to reveal an almost perfectly preserved picture of ancient life: stone pit houses, granaries and a bounty of artifacts kept secret for more than a half century [since about 1950].... Archaeologists said the villiages were occupied more than 1,000 years ago and may be as old as 4,500 years.... Hundreds of granaries, ranging from cupboard-sized to several yards across, are in some cases hundreds of feet up nearly inaccessible cliffs.... Waldo Wilcox, the rancher who sold the land and returned Wednesday [06/30/04], kept the archaeological sites a closely guarded secret for more than 50 years." [By Paul Foy, A.P., 07/01/04]

*Trivia: "Hidden deep inside Utah's nearly inaccessible Book Cliffs region, 130 miles from Salt Lake City, the prehistoric villages run for 12 miles and include hundreds of rock art panels, cliffside granaries, stone houses built halfway underground, rock shelters, and the mummified remains of long-ago inhabitants. The site was occupied for at least 3,000 years until it was abandoned more than 1,000 years ago, when the Fremont people mysteriously vanished.... The secret is coming to light after the federal and state governments paid Wilcox $2.5 million for the 4,200-acre ranch, which is surrounded by wilderness study lands. The state took ownership this year but has not decided how to control public access.... Metcalfe said a team of researchers has documented about 200 pristine sites occupied as long as 4,500 years ago, 'and we've only looked in a few places.' .... Archaeologists think the sites may have been occupied as long as 7,000 years ago; they could shed light on the earliest inhabitants of North America, who are believed to have arrived by way of the Bering Strait 10,000 years ago.... 'I didn't let people go in there to destroy it,' said Wilcox, whose parents bought the ranch in 1951 and threw up a gate to the rugged canyon. 'The less people know about this, the better.' Over the years, Wilcox occasionally welcomed archaeologists to inspect part of the canyon, 'but we'd watch 'em.' When one Kent State researcher used a pick ax to take a pigment sample from a pictograph, Wilcox 'took the pick from him and took him out of the gate.' .... He [Wilcox] said he gave up the land after the San Francisco-based Trust for Public Land, which transferred the ranch to public ownership, promised to protect it.... Archaeologists didn't realize the full significance of Range Creek until 2002. While many structures are standing or visible, others could be buried. Archaeologists have not done any excavations, simply because 'we have too big a task just to document' sites in plain view, Jones said. After The Associated Press started inquiring, Metcalfe decided to hasten an announcement. Next week, he plans to take news organizations to the ranch, 30 miles off the nearest paved highway over rough, mountainous terrain. A gate inside Range Creek Canyon blocks access; a dirt road continues from there about 14 miles down the canyon to a ranch house, now a hub of archaeological activity." [Paul Foy, A.P., 06/25/2004]

2,465 B.C. - Fifth Egyptian Dynasty - "Traditional date for the beginning of the Fifth Egyptian Dynasty [2,465 B.C.- 2,325 B.C.]."

2,450 B.C. - Akkadian Inscriptions - "Reportedly, the earliest Akkadian cuneiform inscriptions date from the Old Akkadian or Early Akkadian period [2,450 to 1,850 B.C.], during which the inscriptions of Sargon were written. Since the Akkadian records start around the middle of the third millennium B.C., the formation of the Akkadian language in linguistic alliance with Indo-Europeans in Anatolia must have taken place still earlier. The western connections of the Akkad Dynasty are indicated in yet other ways. Only one western God, Dagan, obtained an important place in the old Mesopotamian pantheon, and he significantly is the patron god of the Akkad dynasty. This western god appears in the Linear A tablets of Hagia Triada; he is Baal's father according to the Epic of Kret from Ugarit; and he is chief god of the Biblical Plilistines.' Dagan was popularly depicted with the head and hands of a man, and the body and tail of a fish."

2,400 B.C.

2,400 B.C. - Walled City / Gezer - "The site was a Canaanite walled city. A 6 foot high wall, made of small uncarved stones was found from this time."

2,375 B.C. - Lugalzaggisi / Sumeria - "Reportedly, after 2,375 B.C., Lugalzaggisi took over the cities of Kish and Lagash."

2,355 B.C. - Uranus-Pluto Conjunction -

2,350 B.C. - Lugalzaggisi / Sumeria - "Reportedly, 'By 2,350 B.C. all of Sumeria was under the control of Lugalzaggasi.' "

2,350 B.C. - Akkad Dynasty - According to popular belief: "In the 24th century B.C., a new dynasty got hold of Mesopotamia. Sargon, of the city of Akkad, established a Semitic Empire that reached out into the Mediterranian. From his time on, southern Mesopotamia came to be known as Sumer and Akkad; Sumer designating the more Sumerian south, and Akkad the more Semitic north. His success marked a turning point in history. From his time down to the present, Mesopotamia became a predominately Semitic land. Sargon claimed dominion over the entire world; a concept that has plagued mankind ever since." Links: 1

2,350 B.C. - Cythera - "According to one report: 'Cythera began to attract foreigners as early as the Pyramid age.  A stone cup, with the name of a Fifth Dynasty solar temple [sp-r] inscribed in Egyptian hieroglyphs, has been found on Cythera.  Early in the second quarter of the second millennium, a Babylonian inscription of Naram-Sin, King of Eshnunna, was dedicated on Cythera 'for the life' of that Mesopotamian monarch. The interesting thing is that both of these texts found on Cythera are religious in character. Herodotus [1:105] relates that the Phoenicians erected a temple on Cythera to the goddess of the heavens. Finally in classical times, Cythera was a great center of the cult of Aphrodite. The ancient temples were built in the vicinity of Palaiopolis around the middle of the eastern shore.' Today, Cythera is a small island situated at the northeastern edge of the Mediterranian Sea. "

2,348 B.C. - Noah's Flood - "As mentioned, the standard reckoning for the Flood is 2,348 BC, as given by Archbishop Ussher. But the fact is that there was no possible way prior to the 1920's for Ussher or anyone else to have known the date of the Flood - nor even if there actually was a flood in the region. Not for nearly three centuries after Ussher's lifetime did any noteworthy archaeological excavations begin in Mesopotamia." [Laurence Gardner, Genesis Of The Grail Kings]

*Trivia: "The Flood was chronologically moved in Genesis to the time of Noah, whereas it actually occured before the time of Adam." [Laurence Gardner, Genesis Of The Grail Kings, p. 60]

2,340 B.C. - United / Sumer & Akkad - "Sargon of Agade [the leading city of Akkad] defeats Lugalzaggisi and gains control of Kish and later unites all of Sumer and Akkad. Sargon of Agade has been called the first great conqueror of history."

2,323 B.C. - Sixth Egyptian Dynasty - "Traditional date for the beginning of the Sixth Egyptian Dynasty [2,323 B.C.-2,152 B.C.]. Manetho considered Teti as the founder of a new dynasty, a tradition which may go back at least as far as the composition of the Turin King-list, where Teti is listed as the first of a new group of kings. His wife, Queen Ipwet, is the daughter of King Unas who was the last king of the 5th Dynasty. She was the mother of Teti's heir, King Pepi I. Historians believe that she is the one that gave him the royal power. Almost all the major court officials of King Wenis remained in power during Teti's reign."

2,320 B.C. - Sargon / Sumeria - "Sargon conquered the independent city-states of Sumer and instituted a central government."

2,308 B.C. - Sumerian Sky Chart - "Reportedly, in 2,308 B.C. the Sumerians developed their equivalent of the 11:57 pm July 3rd 14,000 B.C. sky chart and Narmer Plate combined. It comes in the form of a royal cylinder-seal depicting 'The Sun is Risen'. The purpose of the seal is to celebrate the Dawn of the Age of Aries."

2,300 B.C. - Cultural Exchange / Indus Valley & Mesopotamia - "Cultural exchange between the Indus Valley civilization and Mesopotamia [present day Iraq] is especially prominent."

2,300 B.C. - Phoenicians  / Levantine Coast - "Phoenicians, a seafaring people, began living along the Levantine coast."

2,300 B.C. - British Archer / Stonehenge - "A 4,000-year-old grave found near Stonehenge contains the remains of an archer and a trove of artifacts that make it one of the richest early Bronze Age sites in Europe. The burial, in about 2,300 B.C., occurred at 'the very brink of the Bronze Age,' where Neolithic and metal-using societies met, said one report. About 100 objects were found in the grave three miles east of Stonehenge, which is about 75 miles southwest of London. The grave was found May 3, 2002 A.D."

2,300 B.C.

2,289 B.C. - Pepi I  / Egypt - "Traditional date when Pepi I ruled in Egypt 2,289 - 2255 B.C."

2,279 B.C. - Fatality / Sargon of Agade -  "According to popular history, Sargon of Agade died in 2,279 B.C."

2,254 B.C. - Naramsin / Akkad - "Traditional date when Sargon's grandson, Naramsin, reigned 2,254 - 2,218 B.C. Reportedly: 'Kings of the Akkad Dynasty, notably Naram-Sin, often place the sign for divinity before their names, and are depicted in art as wearing the horned crown of godhood.' "

2,244 B.C. - Uranus-Pluto Conjunction -

2,200 B.C. - Equinox at Aries -  "The advent of the Age of Aries, shortly before the beginning of the second millennium B.C., was accompanied in Ancient Egypt by an upsurge in the worship of the god Amon whose symbol was a ram with curled horns. Work on the principal sanctuary of Amon - the Temple of Karnak at Luxor in upper Egypt - was begun at around 2,000 B.C. and, as those who have visited the temple will recall, its principal icons are rams, long rows of which guard its entrances. The period of a complete cycle of the vernal point around the celestial sphere is approximately 25,800 years. In other words, after 25,800 years, the vernal point is back at the starting point or fiduciary vernal point [zero degrees sidereal Aries]. For the same reason that astrologers have allowed for twelve signs as the sun passes through its annual orbit, this 25,800 years cycle is also divided into twelve signs, with each of these twelve signs averaging some 2,150 years each."

2,200 B.C. - Indo-European Invaders / Greece - "Reportedly, 'In Greece Indo-European invaders, speaking the earliest form of Greek, entered the mainland.' "

2,200 B.C.


2,180 B.C. - End / Akkad Empire - "According to popular history, the Akkadian empire came to an end about this time, less than 40 years after the death of Naramsin." Links: 1

2,152 B.C. - 7th & 8th Egyptian Dynasties - "Traditional date for the Seventh and Eighth Egyptian Dynasties [2,152 B.C.-2,130 B.C.]."

2,144 B.C. - Gudea / Sumeria - "Gudea of Lagash, a prominent Sumerian leader ruled from 2,144 -2,124 B.C."

2,137 B.C. - Eclipse - "Reported date [October 22nd, 2,137 B.C.] for the earliest recorded eclipse according to the Shu King, the book of historical documents of ancient China."

2,135 B.C. - 9th & 10th Egyptian Dynasties - "A traditional date for the Ninth and Tenth Egyptian Dynasties [2,135 B.C.-2,074 B.C.]."

2,125 B.C. - Sumerian King Lists -  "Reportedly, 'From the Sumerian King Lists an important caesure becomes apparent, the great Flood or Deluge. Names and events are either antediluvial or post diluvial. In later epics the flood signals the end of mythological times, when things were formed, and inaugerates the beginning of historical times. About eight [in other versions ten] antediluvial kings are mentioned with their periods of government. Extremely large areas were attributed to the kings before the flood. Added together they would have ruled for 241,200 years. Composed centuries after the times they refer to, the Sumerian King Lists were copied by generations of scribes and standardized in the process until the cononical version appeared in Old Babylonian times with kings extending up to that period. Reportedly, the surviving clay tablet was dated by the scribe who wrote it in the reign of King Utukhegal of Erech [Uruk], which places it around 2,125 B.C. After kingship had descended from heaven, Eridu became the seat of kingship. In Eridu Aululim reigned 28,800 years as king. Alalgar reigned 36,000 years. Two kings, reigned 64,800 years. Eridu was abandoned and its kingship was carried off to Bad-tabira. . . . Total: Five Cities, eight kings, reigned 241,200 years. The FLOOD then swept over. After the Flood had swept over, and kingship had descended from heaven, Kish became the seat of Kingship. In Kish .... Total: twenty-three kings, reigned 24,510 years, 3 months, 3 1/2 days. Kish was defeated; its kingship was carried off to Eanna. In Eanna, Meskiaggasher, the son of [the sun god] Utu reigned as En [Priest] and Lugal [King] 324 years - Meskiaggasher entered the sea, ascended the mountains. Enmerkar, the son of Meskiaggasher, the king of erech who had built Erech, reigned 420 years as king. Lugalbanda, the shepherd, reigned 1,200 years. Dumuzi the fisherman, whose city was Kua, reigned 100 years. Gilgamesh, whose father was a nomad (?) reigned 126 years. Urnungal, the son of Gilgamesh, reigned 30 years. Labasher reigned 9 years. Ennundaranna reigned 8 years. Meshede reigned 36 years. Melamanna reigned 6 years. Lugalkidul reigned 36 years. Total: twelve kings, reigned 2,130 years. Erech was defeated, its kingship was carried off to Ur...." Links: 1

2,115 B.C. - Uranus-Neptune Conjunction -

2,101 B.C. - Uranus-Pluto Conjuction -

2,100 B.C. - Egyptian Palestine - Reportedly: "During The Middle Bronze Age, Palestine became a part of the Egyptian empire. This was around 2100 B.C."

2,100 B.C. - Amorites / Damascus - "According to one report, Amorites came from the Arabian peninsula and were the first important Semitic settlers in the area of Damascus. They established many small states." Links:  1, 2, 3

2,100 B.C.

2,074 B.C. - 11th Egyptian Dynasty  - "A traditional date for the Eleventh Egyptian Dynasty [2074 B.C.-2064 B.C.]."

2,057 B.C. - Neptune-Pluto Conjunction - "Neptune-Pluto cycles last about 495 years - half a millennium. They characterise an underlying driving-force behind history, an undertow of reality which marries the inevitable ram-force of Pluto with the imaginal, ideational power of Neptune."

Note: "Neptune-Pluto configurations later than 600 B.C. represent estimated projections only caluclated by subtracting alternating multiples of  493 years." [Etznab Mathers]

2,040 B.C. - Egyptian Middle Kingdom - "Traditional date for the beginning of the Egyptian Middle Kingdom  period 2,040 B.C.-1,640 B.C."

2,010 B.C. - Ur-nammu / Ur - "In the early 1900's, the builders of the Baghdad railway placed a station about 120 miles north of Basra because the landmarked site was a recognized travellers' rest. Here, an enormous solitary hill rose above the desert - a hill known to the Bedouins as Tell al Muqayyar [Mound of Pitch]. But some thousands of years ago this desert waste was a lush, fertile valley with cornfields and date groves. As was soon to be discovered, within this great mound was the towering multi-levelled Temple of Ur, along with the rest of the ancient city.
   "In 1923 , the archaeologist Sir Charles Leonard Wooley, with a joint team from the British Museum and the University of Pennsylvania, set out to excavate the mound because some years earlier a collection of very old texts, engraved on stone cylinders, had been unearthed near the summit. One of these cylinder-seals [as they became known] had revealed the name of Ur-nammu, King of Ur in about 2,010 BC, and so it was determined that this was probably the location of Abraham's home." [Genesis Of The Grail Kings, Laurence Gardner]



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