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Plato as Prehistorian

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Helios
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« on: February 11, 2007, 03:13:29 am »

Historical Timeline
O.T. 

Chronology:
15 Billion - 11,000 B.C.
11,000 B.C. - 9,000 B.C.
9,000 B.C. - 3,000 B.C.
3,000 B.C. - 1 A.D.


3,000 B.C. - 1 A.D. Summary

1 A.D. - Present

4,000 B.C.

   "Did orthodox church dogma for many years assert the Earth was created about 4,000 B.C.? Unfortunately, it did. Unfortunately, this long-held popular paradigm has seriously warped our modern view of the ancient world by attributing post-4,000 B.C. dates to the oldest civilizations and world cultures on the planet. If we believe that the world was not created until about 4,000 B.C., then we are inclined to accept that no ancient civilizations or Earth history existed prior to that date. Knowing about this pathetic paradigm, however, will help us understand why we find for ancient history - even today - many of the same retarded dates concocted hundreds of years ago by people who didn't know any better. Not only the first people, the first civilizations, the first languages, the first calendars, the first monuments, the first governments and religions, but after about 4,000 B.C. we find all of the Biblical events. We still find things this way, because this is what some people once believed. And apparently, some still do!" [Etznab Mathers]

3,000 B.C. - Pole Star / Alpha Draconis - "In the 3rd millenium B.C, the north pole star was not the present Polaris in Ursa Minor, the Little Bear. It was Alpha Draconis, the Head of the Dragon."

3,000 B.C. - Altithermal - "It is suspected by Earth scientists that the sun shone particularly brightly about this time. This episode is called the Altithermal, and may have contributed to the rise of the early civilizations. Another similar high heat episode occurs around 1,000 A.D."

3,000 B.C. - Ancient Ships / Egypt - "A fleet of twelve 5,000 year old royal wooden ships were found buried under the sand at Abydos, approximately eight miles from the Nile river."

3,000 B. C.  - Ship Transport / Byblos to Egypt - "Ships transported timber from Byblos to Egypt."

3,000 B.C. - Circulation / Gilgamesh Epic - "The interesting fact for Sumer is that pictorial representations of the Mesopotamian classics appear many centuries before our earliest texts thereof. For example, the greatest Mesopotamian classic is the Gilgamesh Epic. Seals depicting scenes from the Gilgamesh Epic are exceedingly common, and begin about 1,000 years before the earliest cuneiform tablets dealing with those scenes. Accordingly, the materials out of which the Gilgamesh Epic was fashioned by the second millennium B.C. were circulating orally, and pictorally, around 3,000 B.C."

3,000 B.C. - Cuneiform - "It is estimated that 99 percent of the Babylonian tablets have yet to be dug. The oldest ones reportedly go back to 3,000 B.C. In tablets almost 5,000 years old, and others less than 3,000 years old - the 'Noah figure' of Utnapishtim is known variously as Zisudra, Xisuthros or Atrahasis."


3,000 B.C. - Akkadians - "According to popular history, beginning in 3,000 B.C. a group of people called Akkadians drifted into the Tigris-Euphrates valley along the northern fringes of Sumeria. They spoke a language entirely unrelated to Sumerian, one of a group we call 'Semitic' today, because the people who speak it are described, in the Bible, as having been descended from Shem, the oldest son of Noah." Links: 1

3,000 B.C. - Canaanites Enter Canaan -  "A traditional date when the Canaanites entered Canaan."

*Trivia  "An alternate name for Canaan, especially for cities along the shore, was Phoenicia. This was used by the Greeks from their word for purple, because in later centuries a purple dye was manufactured there. The northern portion of Canaan came to be called Syria in later times; this again being a Greek name, taken from that of a tribe that lived in the region." [Asimov's Chronology Of The World, Isaac Asimov, p. 34]

*Trivia: "The basic situation described in the Exodus saga - the phenomenon of immigrants coming down to Egypt from Canaan and settling in the eastern border regions of the delta - is abundantly verified in the archaeological finds and historical texts. From earliest recorded times throughout antiquity, Egypt beckoned as a place of shelter and security for the people of Canaan at times when drought, famine, or warfare made life unbearable or even difficult." [The Bible Unearthed, Israel Finkelstein, pp. 52-53.] 

3,000 B.C. - Minoa - "Bronze Age civilization, centring on the island of Crete. It was named after the legendary king Minos. It is divided into three periods: the early Minoan period [c.3000-2200 B.C.], the Middle Minoan period [c.2200-1500 B.C.] and the Late Minoan period [c.1500-1000 B.C.]. According to Mythology, Crete was the place where Zeus grew up. He was especially worshipped on the island, and king Minos was considered his son.The island has many myths surrounding it: here, the Minotaur was defeated by Theseus, Daedalus and Icarus worked here. The first great civilization of Greece started on Crete. It is called the Minoan, after its most famous king, Minos. There is a theory that Minos actually was several kings. The Minoan period started sometime around the 3rd Millennium B.C. and ended in the 15th century, probably because of natural disasters like earthquakes. Reportedly, Minoan cities were unwalled."

3,000 B.C. - Commercial Capital / Elba, Syria - "Ebla, Syria, was a commercial capital of this era [3,000-2,000 B.C.]. In 1975 tens of thousands of cuneiform tablets were found that supported Ebla's role."

3,000 B.C. - Archaic Indians / Newfoundland - "More than 5,000 years ago, this barren, sea-lashed coast [Labrador & Newfoundland] was home to the Maritime Archaic Indians [MAI], who hunted and fished the coasts of Labrador and Newfoundland for more than 2,000 years. The first evidence of the Maritime Archaic culture was discovered more than 30 years ago when James A. Tuck of Memorial University of Newfoundland excavated 56 elaborate burials exposed during housing construction on a small promontory at Port au Choix, on the Gulf of St. Lawrence just south of the Strait of Belle Isle. Buried between 4,400 and 3,300 B.P., the dead - along with offerings of tools, animal bones, carved animal effigies, and small, white quartz pebbles - were covered in red ochre, earning them the moniker the 'Red Paint People.' Tool kits contained woodworking implements for building dwellings and watercraft; finely wrought bone and ivory fishhooks, harpoons, and harpoon heads, bone foreshafts; and long, narrow ground slate lances for hunting whale and walrus; and fragments of fish spears, all of which pointed to a lifeway dependent on the deep sea."

3,000 B.C. - Old English - "Old English is spawned from a common Germanic language group in the Elbe river region."

3,000 B.C.

2,953 B.C. - I Ching - "The I Ching, or Book of Changes, is the most widely read of the five Chinese Classics. The book was traditionally written by the legendary Chinese Emperor Fu Hsi [2,953-2,838 B.C.]. It is possible that the the I Ching originated from a prehistoric divination technique which dates back as far as 5,000 B.C. Futher commentaries were added by King Wen and the Duke of Chou in the eleventh century B.C."

2,900 B.C. - Sumerian King Lists - "On Sumerian clay tablets dated around 2,900-2,800 B.C. found in Fara, Semitic [Akkadian] names are attested for the first time. It concerns the names of kings in the city of Kish. Kish is in the north of Babylonia where according to the Sumerian King Lists 'kingship descended again from heaven' after the great flood." Links: 1

2,890 B.C. - Second Egyptian Dynasty - "A traditional date for the beginning of  the Second Egyptian Dynasty [2,890 B.C.-2,650 B.C.]. The fifth king of the 2nd Dynasty, Khasekhemwy  ['The Two Powerful Ones Appear'], was probably responsible for the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt. As he ascended the throne he had to put down a Northern rebellion. The rebels reached as far south as Nekheb and Nekhen, the ancient southern capital. His victory is described on two statues. Both portraits show the king with northerners cringing at his feet wearing the White Crown symbolizing the South. It is recorded that there were more than 47,000 casualties. A statue of him, which resides in the Cairo Museum, is the first example of the use of hard stone. He married Nemathap, a woman of royal Northern lineage. The marriage consolidated the kings rule in both regions. Nemathap is documented as being a 'King Bearing Mother'. She is also credited with being the ancestor of the 3rd Dynasty."

2,863 B.C. - Uranus-Pluto Conjunction -

2,800 B.C. - Avebury - "Avebury, constructed between 2,800 and 2,700 B.C., includes the world's largest stone circle [1,401 feet in diameter], numerous barrows, and the 130-foot-tall Silbury Hill, the largest man-made mound in Europe. Silbury Hill, located just south of the village of Avebury in Wiltshire, is a massive artificial mound with a flat top. Silbury Hill is the tallest man-made prehistoric mound in Europe. It was built in three stages, the first believed to have begun around 2,660 B.C."

2,800 B.C.

2,799 B.C. - Uranus-Neptune Conjunction -

Note: "This date represents a progressive estimation arrived at by subtracting multiples of 171 years from the date 576 B.C." [Etznab Mathers]

2,772 B.C. - Egyptian Calendar - "Reportedly, the date in Egypt when the 365 day calendar was introduced."

2,752 B.C. - Configuration - "Uranus-Pluto Conjunction -

2,700 B.C. - Gilgamesh Rules / Uruk - "A reported date when the Sumerian King, Gilgamesh, ruled the city of Uruk."

2,700 B.C.

2,698 B.C.  - Chinese Calendar - "Reported date for the beginning of the Chinese calendar. Other dates associated with the beginning of the Chinese calendar include: 2,637 B.C."

2,686 B.C. - Third Egyptian Dynasty - "A Traditional date for the beginning of  the Third Egyptian Dynasty [2,686 B.C.-2,575 B.C.]. According to popular history, the Pharaohs of the Third Dynasty were the first to have actual pyramids constructed as shrines to their deaths. Although crude, these step pyramids were the predecessors to the later Pyramids of Giza and others. The first of these pyramids was designed by Imhotep for Dzoser. Prior to, and during the construction of the step pyramids, rulers were buried in a structure called Mastaba. The Mastaba were non-pyramidal shaped structures which did not contain walls or stone art and closely resembled burial mounds, with long shafts leading down into the tomb area. Sanakhte and Dzoser, the first two Pharaohs of this Dynasty, began exploitation of the Sinai Peninsula, which was rich in turquoise and copper. Little else was done by the kings during this dynasty."

2,650 B.C. - Step Pyramid / Egypt - "According to some reports, the Step Pyramid [reportedly built as a tribute to Zoser's greatness] is the oldest human-made structure in the world today. Zoser's Step Pyramid at Saqqara was an imposing edifice [200 feet tall], but it was built with relatively small, manageable blocks that five or six men working together could carry, and its internal chambers were structurally unsound." [Note: Since Carbon 14 dating measures the age of organic materials only, nearly all of the stone ruins [composed of inorganic rock] have not been Carbon 14 dated. Rather, what have been Carbon 14 dated are so many organic materials lying with, next to, or around those stone ruins."

2,609 B.C. - Uranus-Pluto Conjunction -

2,600 B.C. - "Heaven's Mirror" - "There is no doubt that the Pyramids of Giza, the best known of all the Egyptian monuments, have a strong connection to the epoch 2,600 to 2,300 BC, the same dates as Stonehenge. There is also no doubt that they show many signs of a far earlier genesis - again like Stonehenge. Indeed, the same geometrical and astronomical concerns that the megaliths express, linked to the same quest for immortality [and frequently to the number 72], are found not only in Egypt but in a great band of cultures encircling the globe and extending back in time to the remotest antiquity." [Heaven's Mirror, Quest For The Lost Civilization, Graham Hancock and Santha Faiia, p. xvi]

2,600 B.C. - Indus Valley Script - "Reportedly, the Indus Valley Civilization was the first major urban culture of South Asia. It reached its peak from 2,600 B.C. to 1,900 B.C."

2,600 B.C. - Stone Structures / Caral Peru - "The ancient Peruvian site of Caral may have been one of the first urban centers in the Americas, thriving more than a thousand years before other known cities, according to a study in the April 27, 2001 issue of the international journal Science. New radiocarbon dating analysis indicates that Caral's immense stone structures were built between 2,600 and 2,000 B.C."

2,600 B.C.

2,575 B.C. - Fourth Egyptian Dynasty - "A traditional date for the beginning of the Egyptian Old Kingdom [2,575 B.C.- 2,134 B.C.] period, or the Fourth Egyptian Dynasty [2,575 B.C.- 2,551 B.C.]. Unlike the pyramids before [3rd Dynasty] and after [5th and 6th Dynasties], the pyramids at Giza [attributed to the 4th Dynasty] were wonderfully well made and have endured the passage of thousands of years more or less intact. For this very reason scholars are beginning to see the light - that these structures may in fact be tens of thousands of years older than previously expected."

2,550 B.C. - Neptune-Pluto Conjunction -   

2,540 B.C. - Sphinx / Egypt -  "The Sphinx is supposed to have been built by Khafre around 2,500 B.C., but since the beginning of dynastic times - say 3,000 B.C. onwards - there just hasn't been enough rain on the Giza plateau to have caused the very extensive erosion that we see all overe the Sphinx's body. You really have to go back to before 10,000 B.C. to find a wet enough climate in Egypt to account for weathering of this type and on this scale. It therefore follows that the Sphinx must have been built before 10,000 B.C. and since it's a massive, sophisticated work of art it also follows that it must have been built by a high civilization."

2,530 B.C. - Great Pyramid / Egypt - "According to popular history, this was the date when King Khufu [Cheops] completed construction of the Great Pyramid at Giza. At its uppermost point the whole structure reached a height of 481 feet. According to another report, the Giza pyramids were already ancient at the time of Khufu's restoration. On a scale of 1:43,200 the Great Pyramid serves as a model, and map projection, of the northern hemisphere of the earth. During all the centuries of darkness experienced by Western civilization when knowledge of our planet's dimensions was lost to us, all we ever needed to do to rediscover that knowledge was to measure the height and base perimeter of the great Pyramid and multiply by 43,200."

2,500 B.C. - Sea-Going Vessels / Egypt - "At least two large high-prowed sea-going vessels were discovered buried [in pits] beside the Great Pyramid in Egypt. One of the pits, although still sealed, had been investigated with fiber-optic cameras and was found to contain a vessel more than 100 feet long. In the other pit was an even larger vessel, a full 141 feet in length. Made of cedarwood, the ship was still in perfect condition 4,500 years after it had been built. With a displacement of around 40 tons, it's design was particularly thought-provoking, with a prow and stern soaring higher than in a Viking ship."

2,500 B.C. - Established Cities / Assyria -  "In 1932, Sir Max Mallowan, the eminent British archaeologist, dug a deep sounding which reached virgin soil ninety feet below the top of the mound of Nineveh; this gave a pottery sequence back to prehistoric times and showed that the site was already inhabited by 5,000 B.C. Very soon after that, the two other great Assyrian cities were settled, Ashur and Arbel, although an exact date has yet to be determined. Arbel is the oldest extant city, and remains largely unexcavated, its archaeological treasures waiting to be discovered. The same holds for Ashur. It is clear that by 2,500 B.C., these three cities were well established and were thriving metropoli." Links: 1, 2

2,500 BC - Clava Cairns / Scotland - "Neolithic tombs in Northern Scotland."

2,500 B.C. - Walled City / India - "In India excavations in 2,000 A.D. revealed a walled city  of the middle 3rd millennium at the Dholavira site in Gujarat state."

2,500 B.C. - Troy II  Settlement / Turkey - "Troy II, the second oldest discernible settlement on the site of the mound of Hissarlik in northwest Turkey, a good 1,200 years before the estimated date of the Trojan War."


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