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Labyrinths

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Gwen Parker
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« Reply #15 on: July 17, 2007, 12:36:37 am »



A small turf maze near Dalby, North Yorkshire, UK
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Gwen Parker
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« Reply #16 on: July 17, 2007, 12:37:56 am »



The Minotaur at the center of the labyrinth, depicted on an ancient gem
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Gwen Parker
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« Reply #17 on: July 17, 2007, 12:38:48 am »



9/11 memorial labyrinth, Boston College, USA
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Gwen Parker
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« Reply #18 on: July 17, 2007, 12:39:35 am »

Medieval labyrinths and "turf mazes"

The full flowering of the medieval labyrinth design came about during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries with the grand pavement labyrinths of the gothic cathedrals, most notably Chartres and Amiens in Northern France and the Duomo di Siena in Tuscany. It is this version of the design that is thought to be the inspiration for the many secular turf mazes in the UK, such as survive at Wing, Rutland, Hilton, Cambridgeshire, Alkborough (North Lincolnshire), and at Saffron Walden in Essex.

Over the same period some 500 or more non-ecclesiastical labyrinths were constructed in Scandinavia. These labyrinths, generally in coastal areas, are marked out with stones most often in the simple classical form. They often have names which translate as "Troy Town". They are thought to have been constructed by early fishing communities, to trap malevolent trolls/winds in the labyrinth's coils in order to ensure a safe fishing expedition. There are also stone labyrinths on the Isles of Scilly, although none of them is known to date back as far as the Scandinavian ones.

There are remarkable examples of the labyrinth shape from a whole range of ancient and disparate cultures. The symbol has appeared in all its forms and media (petroglyphs, classic-form, medieval-form, pavement, turf and basketry) at some time, throughout most parts of the world, from Java, Native North and South America, Australia, India and Nepal.
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Gwen Parker
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« Reply #19 on: July 17, 2007, 12:40:58 am »



The Labyrinth on the floor of Grace Cathedral
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Gwen Parker
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« Reply #20 on: July 17, 2007, 12:42:02 am »

Modern labyrinths

In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in the labyrinth symbol, which has inspired a revival in labyrinth building, notably at Willen Park, Milton Keynes; Grace Cathedral, San Francisco; Tapton Park, Chesterfield; and the Labyrinth in Shed 16 in the Old Port of Montreal.

Countless computer games depict mazes and labyrinths.

On bobsled, luge, and skeleton tracks, a labyrinth is where there are three to four curves in succession without a straight line in between any of the turns.

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Gwen Parker
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« Reply #21 on: July 17, 2007, 12:42:46 am »

Modern takes on Greek labyrinth

In modern imagery, the labyrinth is often confused with the maze, in which one may become lost.

The myth of the labyrinth has in recent times transformed into a stage play by Ilinka Crvenkovska which explores notions of a man's ability to control his own fate. Theseus in an act of suicide is killed by the Minotaur, who is himself killed by the horrified townspeople.

The Argentinian writer Jorge Luis Borges was entranced with the idea of the labyrinth, and used it extensively throughout his short stories. His modern literary use of the labyrinth has inspired a great many other authors in their own works (e.g. Umberto Eco's The Name of the Rose, Mark Z. Danielewski's House of Leaves). Additionally, Roger Zelazny's fantasy series The Chronicles of Amber features a labyrinth, called the Pattern, which grants those who walk it the power to move between parallel worlds.

The labyrinth is important subject in contemporary fine art too. Some remarkable examples from the 20th century: Piet Mondrian: Dam and Ocean (1915), Joan Miro: Labirynth (1923), Pablo Picasso: Minotauromachia (1935), M.C. Escher: Relativity (1953), Friedensreich Hundertwasser: Labyrinth (1957), Jean Dubuffet: Logological Cabinet (1970), Richard Long: Connemara sculpture (1971), Joe Tilson: Earth Maze (1975), Richard Fleischner: Chain Link Maze (1978), István Orosz: Atlantis Anamorphosis (2000), Dmitry Rakov: Labyrinth (2003):
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Gwen Parker
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« Reply #22 on: July 17, 2007, 12:43:57 am »



Labyrinth at St. Lambertus, Mingolsheim, Germany
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« Reply #23 on: July 17, 2007, 12:45:01 am »

Cultural meanings

Prehistoric labyrinths are believed to have served either as traps for malevolent spirits or as defined paths for ritual dances. During Medieval times, the labyrinth symbolized a hard path to the God with a clearly defined center (God) and one entrance (birth). Labyrinths can be thought of as symbolic forms of pilgrimage; people can walk the path, ascending towards salvation or enlightenment. Many people simply could not afford to travel to holy sites and lands, so the use of labyrinths and prayer substituted that need. Later, the religious significance of labyrinths faded and they were used primarily for entertainment, although recently their spiritual aspect has seen a resurgence.

Many newly-made labyrinths exist today, in churches and parks. Labyrinths are used by many modern mystics to help the user achieve a contemplative state. By walking amongst the turnings, the user loses track of direction and of the outside world, and thus quiets the mind. The result is a relaxed mental attitude, free of internal dialog. This is a form of meditation. Many people believe that meditation has health benefits as well as spiritual benefits. The Labyrinth Society provides a locator for modern labyrinths in North America.
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rockessence
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« Reply #24 on: July 17, 2007, 03:02:07 pm »

Gwen,

RE: "That the Cretan labyrinth had been a dancing-ground and was made for Ariadne rather than for Minos was remembered by Homer in Iliad xviii.590–593 where, in the pattern that Hephaestus inscribed on Achilles' shield, one incident pictured was a dancing-ground "like the one that Daedalus designed in the spacious town of Knossos for Ariadne of the lovely locks". Even the labyrinth dance was depicted on the shield, where "youths and marriageable maidens were dancing on it with their hands on one another's wrists... circling as smoothly on their accomplished feet as the wheel of a potter...and there they ran in lines to meet each other."

The Bock saga material clearly describes the various labyrinth's many uses....some for male and some for female ritual testing to prepare for choosing a mate for the midsummer night's ceremonial copulation to bring in the next year's births, and various other purposes.

www.bocksaga.de

Not surprising that Ariadne, as a royal female would have been designated as the Priestess of a labyrinth....but there would have been others as well.

Homer was writing of a time and place far removed from the place the saga tells of, so there would have been differences for sure...

If Vinci is correct, then the Crete that Homer wrote of was on the Baltic Sea, and the Mediterranean Crete was a "copy" of the original topography/location.
« Last Edit: July 17, 2007, 03:08:29 pm by rockessence » Report Spam   Logged

ILLIGITIMI NON CARBORUNDUM

Thus ye may find in thy mental and spiritual self, ye can make thyself just as happy or just as miserable as ye like. How miserable do ye want to be?......For you GROW to heaven, you don't GO to heaven. It is within thine own conscience that ye grow there.

Edgar Cayce
Gwen Parker
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« Reply #25 on: July 24, 2007, 01:34:07 pm »

Hi Rockessence,

The Bock saga material clearly describes the various labyrinth's many uses....some for male and some for female ritual testing to prepare for choosing a mate for the midsummer night's ceremonial copulation to bring in the next year's births, and various other purposes.

Do you have the Bock Saga passage this comes from?  I think it would be worth it to see the ritual, and I don't know which part of the saga to look for it in.

Gwen
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rockessence
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« Reply #26 on: July 24, 2007, 02:31:26 pm »

 From the Archive of Leo Nygren  www.bocksaga.de

 THE  ”JATULINTARHA” LABYRINTH

 THE LABYRINTH SHOWN HERE IS PLENTIFULLY BEING SEEN IN FINLAND, WHERE IT'S USE WAS PERHAPS MOST AND LATEST PRACTICED, ALL THE WAY FROM THE BOTTOM OF GULF OF FINLAND TO THE END OF GULF OF BOTHNIA, ALONG THE SHORELINE, AND AT ISLANDS TOO.
 IT WAS MADE OF ROUND STONES ABOUT THE SIZE OF FOOTBALL, THE DIAMETER OF THE LABYRINTH BEING FROM TEN METERS TO 25 METERS, ON SOME FLAT SPOT OF GROUND.
 IN FINLAND IT WAS KNOWN WITH MANY NAMES; JATULIN TARHA (JATULIS YARD), NUNNATARHA (NUNS YARD), PIETARIN LEIKKI (PETER'S PLAY), NEITOTANSSI ( GIRL'S DANCE), JERUSALEM, TROIJA (TROY), JERIKOTOWN, AND IN ”ROOT” JUNGFRU'S DANCE AND TROIJA LEK (PLAY) .  (JATULIS, ”GIANTS”, CANNOT BE EXPLAINED IN ENGLISH, ”LEK” MEANS ”SPAWN”, TO MULTIPLY.)
 IN AMERICAS IT WAS KNOWN BY INDIANS WITH THE NAME ”MOTHER EARTH”.
 THOSE NAMES LET US TO SUPPOSE THAT IT WAS USED SOLELY FOR CHECKING THE CANDIDATES FOR MOTHER- AND FATHERHOOD, IN A FERTILITY RITE.

 THE CANDIDATES HAD TO DANCE THROUGH IT, STAYING BETWEEN LINES, PASSING THE JUDGES SEVEN TIMES, WOMEN DANCING BELLYDANCE NAKED SO THAT THE JUDGES SAW THAT THEIR PELVIS WAS SWINGING FREELY, THEIR BELLY MUCLES HAD TO BE WELL FORMED TO GUARANTEE EASY DELIVERY AND BREASTS HAD TO SHOW THE NIPPLE TO BE EASILY SUCKED BY THE BABY. THERE WERE THREE WOMEN TO JUDGE THEM, NO MEN WERE ALLOWED TO SEE IT.

 MEN WHO HAD REACHED THE ADULT AGE OF 21 DANCED THE SOCALLED COSSAC DANCE, RIPASKA IN FINNISH, WHICH REQUIRES LOT OF STAMINA AS YOU ARE ALLMOST IN A SITTING POSITION THROWING YOUR LEGS HIGH UP, HANDS KEPT  IN FRONT BY THE CHEST. THEY WERE ALSO NAKED SO THAT THEIR MANLY ORGANS WERE SHOWING TO MENJUDGES, AND WOMEN WERE NOT ALLOWED TO SEE IT.

 MANY OF THOSE NAMES SUGGESTS THAT THE LABYRINTH WAS JUST FOR THIS PURPOSE, AS THOSE WHO DID NOT MANAGE THIS TEST NEVER HAD THE CHANCE TO BE FATHERS OR MOTHERS, AS THE NAME ”NUNS YARD” SUGGESTS.
 BUT IT WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN PARADISE-TIME IF THEY WERE TO GO WITHOUT ANY SEXUAL LIFE, NO, THOSE MEN WHO DIDN'T PASS THE TEST WERE DRINKING THEIR SPERM THEMSELVES OR OFFERING IT TO HIGHER CASTES TO BE DRINKED, AS IT HAS PLENTY OF ENERGY IN IT, IT IS THE SEED FOR HUMAN BEINGS ANYWAY, NOT TO BE WASTED,  MOST  VALUED THING IN THE WHOLE WORLD, IT WAS ”THE HOLY SPIRIT”, THE AMBROSIA.   
 ONE SET OF YOUNG MAN'S SPERM IS EQUIVALENT TO TWO BEEFS, TEN ORANGES, EIGHT EGGS  AND TWO LEMONS, AS HAS BEEN STUDIED IN SWEDEN. SAME TEST MADE IN ENGLAND GAVE BUT ”ONLY” SIX EGGS!

 ALSO WOMEN WHO WERE SELECTED TO BE MOTHERS, WERE TO ”DRINK” THE SPERM FROM THE MAN THEY HAD SELECTED AS THEIR PARTNERS, ONCE A DAY FOR THIRTY DAYS (THIS WAS THE HONEYMOON, HUN-I-MUN) BEFORE THEY WERE MATED AT MIDSUMMER NIGHT, TO BE AS ENERGETIC AS POSSIBLE, TO GUARANTEE A SUCCESFULL PREGNANCY AND DELIVERY AND, MOST AF ALL, A HEALTHY BABY.
  WOMEN WHO DIDN'T PASS THE TEST WERE OFFERING THEIR ”SAP” FROM THEIR **** ALSO TO THE WOMEN OF HIGHER CASTES, OR DRINKING IT THEMSELVES TOO. WE CAN SEE IN MANY OLD PAINTINGS WOMEN CARRYING A VASE WHERE THEY COLLECTED THE SAP, OR THEY HAD A SMALL CUP, A THIMBLE, HANGING AT THE NECK, FOR THE SAME PURPOSE.
 ALL WOMEN HAD TO ”PLAY” WITH THEIR CLITORISES REGULARLY TO KEEP THE MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF **** MOIST, TO ”PRODUCE” THE SAP, IN THAT WAY THEY WERE HEALTHIER TOO, THAT SEREMONY (C-RE-MUN-I) OF FOUR MEMBERS WAS TAUGHT TO THEM WHEN THEY WERE STILL YOUNG GIRLS, AT THE AGE OF SEVEN.
 IN THAT WAY ALL PEOPLE WERE HAPPY, IT WAS A PARADISE WAY OF LIVING!.

 ALL PEOPLE AT PARADISE-TIME WERE HEART-FRIENDS TO EACH OTHER, IN PAIRS, AND IN FINLAND AND SWEDEN WE HAVE THE THURSDAY FOR HEART FRIENDS, AS THURSDAY IS TOR'S-TAI IN FINNISH, TOR'S-DAG IN SWEDISH, (ENGLISH ”THOR'S DAY IS VERY CLOSE) AND TOR IS THE SEXUAL ORGAN OF BOTH MEN AND WOMEN, BUT AT THE UNDERSIDE OF THE HEAD OF MAN'S **** ONE CAN SEE THE REAL ”HEART” AS WE USE TO DRAW IT (CHECK IT), AT OUR CHEST WE HAVE ”ONLY” A PUMP FOR BLOOD.   

 THIS LABYRINTH IS BEING FOUND IN MANY PLACES, ALL SCANDINAVIA AND IN MANY EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, GREECE, NEAR EAST COUNTRIES, AT CRETE AND AT THE COINS OF ETRUSK'S AND CRETAN'S. AT CENTRAL AMERICA IT IS KNOWN BY MAYAS AND MOST PROPABLY BY MANY OTHER PEOPLE TOO.
 EVEN AT THE SHORES OF NORTHERN ICE SEA, AT KUOLA PENINSULA, IT IS BEING FOUND.
 AND IF YOU STUDY IT CLOSELY, IT'S SHAPE RESEMBLES THAT OF A CROS-SECTION  OF WOMAN'S HIP, WOMB AND ALL. 

 IT HAS BEEN SUGGESTED THAT THE FAMOUS LABYRINTH OF CRETE WHERE THE BEAST MINOTAUROS ROAMED, MENTIONED AT THE GREEK MYTHOLOGY WAS JUST THIS, PERHAPS UNDER GROUND. (MINO'STOR ??)

 THIS DANCE WAS BUT ONLY ONE OF THE SERIE OF TESTS THE FATHER AND MOTHER CANDIDATES HAD TO GO THROUGH TO BE ELIGIBLE FOR THE MOST IMPORTANT TASK THERE WAS FOR MANKIND, TO KEEP HUMAN POPULATION AS HEALTHY, BEAUTIFULL AND WISE AS POSSIBLE, BUT HOW ABOUT NOW  WHEN THIS IS NOT CONTROLLED AT ALL? 

 IT'S A PITY THAT MANY OF THESE WORDS OF BOCK SAGA THAT TELL ABOUT THE PHILOSOPHY OF VÄINÄMÖINEN  HAVE  ”HIDDEN” MEANINGS THAT CAN BE EXPLAINED ONLY BY USING THE ”ROT” (PRESENT SWEDISH) AND ”VAN” (PRESENT FINNISH) LANGUAGES, THE FIRST ONES.

 THIS ”JATULINTARHA SEREMONY” WAS TAKEN TO DELOS AT 1600 BZ BY THE TWO DAMSELS, ARGE AND OPIS, AS THE FIRST ”OLYMPIC GAME”.
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ILLIGITIMI NON CARBORUNDUM

Thus ye may find in thy mental and spiritual self, ye can make thyself just as happy or just as miserable as ye like. How miserable do ye want to be?......For you GROW to heaven, you don't GO to heaven. It is within thine own conscience that ye grow there.

Edgar Cayce
Gwen Parker
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« Reply #27 on: July 29, 2007, 09:50:56 pm »

Thanks for finding that for me, Rockessence. I had no idea that the ritual was so involved.  You have to love the ancients, they had absolutely no hang-ups, did they? The reason for the Minoan version of the labyrinth apparently has little to do with the one expressed in the Bock Saga.

Gwen
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rockessence
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« Reply #28 on: July 29, 2007, 11:30:15 pm »

Gwen,

Hang-ups weren't invented yet!

Quote: "The reason for the Minoan version of the labyrinth apparently has little to do with the one expressed in the Bock Saga."

Why should we believe that the "Minoan version" has ever been explained correctly??  Especially if the purposes were deeply sexual, the chances of getting a true interpretation coming down through the centuries is practially NIL!
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ILLIGITIMI NON CARBORUNDUM

Thus ye may find in thy mental and spiritual self, ye can make thyself just as happy or just as miserable as ye like. How miserable do ye want to be?......For you GROW to heaven, you don't GO to heaven. It is within thine own conscience that ye grow there.

Edgar Cayce
Gwen Parker
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« Reply #29 on: August 09, 2007, 11:22:42 am »

Hi Rockessence, the Minoan labyrinth may well not be interpreted correctly. We do know that it involved the bull, though, which is often also used as a symbol of fertility.  I may be wrong, but I didn't see it mentioned in the Bock myth of the labyrinth, did you?

Gwen
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