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Chance of ancient burial ground halts Causeway floodwall project
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Chance of ancient burial ground halts Causeway floodwall project
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Abedabun
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Chance of ancient burial ground halts Causeway floodwall project
«
on:
August 31, 2009, 10:24:19 pm »
Chance of ancient burial ground halts Causeway floodwall project
by Sheila Grissett, The Times-Picayune
Monday August 31, 2009, 5:45 AM
There are new tribal concerns that American Indian ancestral bones could be under Lake Pontchartrain where dredging would occur during proposed floodwall construction beneath Causeway Boulevard.
It is the second cultural red flag raised in the past two months as the Army Corps of Engineers evaluates how, if approved, the floodwall work would affect people and their environments.
The lengthy evaluation process is required by federal law and must be finished before property can be acquired and a construction contract can be awarded for the project, which is already months behind schedule.
The first case involves a request for the corps to consider sparing the historical Lake Pontchatrain Causeway canopy that has stood sentry over the bridge's south end for decades. And most recently, the agency was asked to consider and plan for the possibility that ancient human remains may be buried where the lake dredging is proposed just off the Metairie lakefront.
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Abedabun
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Re: Chance of ancient burial ground halts Causeway floodwall project
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August 31, 2009, 10:25:07 pm »
Kathy Anderson / The Times-PicayuneThe corps has been asked to spare the historical Lake Pontchatrain Causeway canopy, and to plan for the possibility that ancient human remains may be buried where lake dredging is proposed.
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Abedabun
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Re: Chance of ancient burial ground halts Causeway floodwall project
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August 31, 2009, 10:25:30 pm »
Both concerns now top the list of final issues that must be resolved before the corps can finalize a plan to provide so-called 100-year flood protection for the northernmost tip of Causeway Boulevard at the lake.
A corps official said he's far more concerned about the time it may take to resolve issues involving the canopy, nearby Causeway Commission buildings and relocation compensation than it will to reach an agreement with tribal authorities.
"There is a clear path there to move forward, and we're prepared to take whatever steps are necessary to be respectful and address their concerns, " said Gib Owen, corps chief of econoligcal planning and restoration. "Tribes are sovereign nations, and we take their concerns seriously."
Owen said an obvious resolution could include having an archeologist and-or tribal representative standing by to recover, for reburial, any remains that might be unearthed during dredging tentatively planned along both sides of the bridge.
"We can't say that human remains are there, " said Ken Carleton, archeologist for the Mississippi Band of Choctaw. "But there is potential for remains to be buried in the lake bottom where the corps is looking at digging trenches."
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Abedabun
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Re: Chance of ancient burial ground halts Causeway floodwall project
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August 31, 2009, 10:25:44 pm »
Evidence already uncovered
Historians have documented the existence of American Indian middens, or mounds of mainly discarded oyster shells, along the shore of Lake Pontchartrain and other state water bodies. The structures were often linear and followed a shoreline or watercourse and were sometimes big enough and high enough to be inhabited and to hold a tribe's dead.
"It's almost a given that where there's a shell midden, there are human remains," Carleton said.
Although most middens have been destroyed by erosion, shell dredging, basin dredging, shoreline construction and other human activities in the past 100 years, evidence of three middens along the east Jefferson lakefront were documented in the early 20th century.
None of them were in the immediate Causeway area where floodwall construction is now proposed, although corps archeologist Mike Swanda said one was within a half-mile of the bridge.
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Abedabun
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Re: Chance of ancient burial ground halts Causeway floodwall project
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August 31, 2009, 10:26:02 pm »
"But that doesn't really matter because we know that they lived all along the shoreline, " Swanda said.
As middens degraded over time, Carleton said, the remains of those interred within could wash out and into adjacent water bodies, as he said was discovered happening several years ago on the Lake Borgne shoreline in St. Bernard.
"We stepped out of the boat and there were human remains at our feet, " he said.
By the same token, had there been a midden in the Causeway area, remains could have washed into the sites now targeted for dredging just offshore.
"This is a sensitive issue; these are the remains of tribal ancestors, " he said. "These are peoples' grandmothers. And even when remains are thousands of years old, it's still of concern to us that the dead be properly treated."
He estimates that any bones from lakefront middens would probably be from 500 to 2,000 years old.
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Abedabun
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Re: Chance of ancient burial ground halts Causeway floodwall project
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August 31, 2009, 10:26:20 pm »
Two ways out
Swanda said the corps has done various types of testing in efforts to identify archeological sites along the entire east Jefferson lakefront, following a plan that he said was laid out in advance for the state Historical Preservation Office and some tribal representatives.
"We did everything we could, everything we could think of," he said. "But Carleton's concerns are valid because some things are just so difficult -- like surveying to find remains in the lake -- that you can never be 100 percent sure."
Carleton said he sees only two basic alternatives.
The corps can send an underwater archeologist down in advance of construction to try and find evidence of remains. Or, he said, the corps can skip the survey and make plans for examination and recovery as part of the dredging operation.
"The corps has done really, really well at avoiding potential sites until now, " Carleton said. "And it's never our intent to stop or slow a project, but the graves of tribal ancestors is a very high priority for us."
Although it remains to be formalized, Owen said looking for remains in the dredged spoils "is the exact track we're on."
"We don't believe this is going to be an issue, " he said.
But Owen thinks the Causeway situation may take longer to resolve.
"Do we try to relocate the canopy? Or do we destroy it and try to build something that is stylistically similar?" Owen said.
He said initial corps calculations indicate that it would cost three times as much to move and relocate the canopy as to destroy it, but Owen said cost isn't the only consideration.
"The canopy is a piece of history, and we understand the significance of that, " he said.
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Abedabun
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Re: Chance of ancient burial ground halts Causeway floodwall project
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August 31, 2009, 10:26:38 pm »
Staying on track
The corps has also said floodwall construction and the elevation of Causeway Boulevard at the south end of the bridge will require the razing of three Causeway Commission buildings, two of which are more than 50 years old. But because the buildings have been modified, they're not eligible for the historical register.
"I think they understand that these buildings probably can't be saved, but because they are historically significant, we'll measure them, photograph and document them in the detail they deserve, " he said.
Owen has identified Causeway issues as "the critical path" to staying on the current schedule.
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Abedabun
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Re: Chance of ancient burial ground halts Causeway floodwall project
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August 31, 2009, 10:26:54 pm »
The canopy and the tribal concerns became issues only after corps engineers and consultants had to switch -- because of poor lakefront soils -- from building a levee to proposing construction of a floodwall, using a heavy-duty T-wall design with extra bracing. But accommodating that design is forcing other changes, including the digging of temporary channels 100-feet wide by 500 feet long on either side of the bridge, starting at the shoreline.
The barges will be used in the construction of temporary lanes that will help keep traffic moving during construction and will also deliver equipment and materials.
It is one of 15 projects that the corps has said must be fast-tracked in order to be substantially complete and able to provide 100-year protection by the start of the 2011 hurricane season. Corps officials now say they plan to be substantially complete by that deadline, but to do so, a contract must be awarded in February or March.
Neither a Causeway plan nor the proposal to build 83 acres of new berm along much of the lakefront for extra protection can be approved until the corps publishes a supplemental environmental document outlining the proposed changes.
Once published, the public will have 30 days to review it and make comments. And only then can the corps district commander sign off on a final proposal, which green lights the acquisition of rights of way and a construction contract.
. . . . . . .
Sheila Grissett can be reached at
sgrissett@timespicayune.com
or 504.717.7700.
http://www.nola.com/hurricane/index.ssf/2009/08/chance_of_ancient_burial_groun.html
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