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Meteorology By Aristotle

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Bathos
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« Reply #105 on: August 31, 2009, 12:12:42 am »

Part 10

Homogeneous bodies differ to touch-by these affections and differences,
as we have said. They also differ in respect of their smell, taste,
and colour.

By homogeneous bodies I mean, for instance, 'metals', gold, copper,
silver, tin, iron, stone, and everything else of this kind and the
bodies that are extracted from them; also the substances found in
animals and plants, for instance, flesh, bones, sinew, skin, viscera,
hair, fibres, veins (these are the elements of which the non-homogeneous
bodies like the face, a hand, a foot, and everything of that kind
are made up), and in plants, wood, bark, leaves, roots, and the rest
like them.

The homogeneous bodies, it is true, are constituted by a different
cause, but the matter of which they are composed is the dry and the
moist, that is, water and earth (for these bodies exhibit those qualities
most clearly). The agents are the hot and the cold, for they constitute
and make concrete the homogeneous bodies out of earth and water as
matter. Let us consider, then, which of the homogeneous bodies are
made of earth and which of water, and which of both.

Of organized bodies some are liquid, some soft, some hard. The soft
and the hard are constituted by a process of solidification, as we
have already explained.

Those liquids that go off in vapour are made of water, those that
do not are either of the nature of earth, or a mixture either of earth
and water, like milk, or of earth and air, like wood, or of water
and air, like oil. Those liquids which are thickened by heat are a
mixture. (Wine is a liquid which raises a difficulty: for it is both
liable to evaporation and it also thickens; for instance new wine
does. The reason is that the word 'wine' is ambiguous and different
'wines' behave in different ways. New wine is more earthy than old,
and for this reason it is more apt to be thickened by heat and less
apt to be congealed by cold. For it contains much heat and a great
proportion of earth, as in Arcadia, where it is so dried up in its
skins by the smoke that you scrape it to drink. If all wine has some
sediment in it then it will belong to earth or to water according
to the quantity of the sediment it possesses.) The liquids that are
thickened by cold are of the nature of earth; those that are thickened
either by heat or by cold consist of more than one element, like oil
and honey, and 'sweet wine'.
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