Dark Ages Timeline

[Christa Jenneman]

732
x - France

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Charles Martel stops Arab invasion from Spain at Tours.
x - Charles Martel defeats the Muslims at Tours
feb 15 - Ho-tse Shen-hui, Zen teacher disputes founder of Northern Ch'an line.
oct 11 - Battle at Tours: France under Karel Martel beat Moors.
oct 11 - Abd ar-Rahman, Yemenite general strategist (Bordeaux occupier), dies.
 733
oct 17 - Battle at Poitiers: Charles Martel beats Abd al-Rachmans Omajjaden.
 735
may 26 - Beda Venerabilis

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, The Venerable Bede English speaking church historian, dies at about 62.
 739
sep 30 - P'u-chi Ho-shang Tao-chao, Northern Ch'an Line Zen teacher, dies.
nov 07 - Willibrord, [Clemens], 1st bishop of Utrecht/saint 695-739, dies at 81.

[Christa Jenneman]

741
jun 18 - Leo III de Isaurier, Byzantine Emperor 717-741, dies.
oct 22 - Charles Martel, ruler of the Franks, dies at 63.
nov 28 - Pope Gregory III

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dies, ending his reign as Catholic Pope

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.
dec 03 - St Zachary begins his reign as Catholic Pope succeeding Gregory III.u.752 re.List of Popes

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dec 10 - Zacharias

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becomes Pope. u.752 re.List of Popes
 742
apr 02 - Aachen, France Charlemagne

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is born. He will unite the Frankish kingdoms and become the first Holy Roman Emperor d.814
 743
feb 06 - Hisham ibn 'Abd al-Malik, 10th Moslem caliph, dies at about 52.
mar 01 - Slave export by Christians to heathen areas prohibited.
 747
x - Council of Clofeshi.

[Christa Jenneman]

749
x - Japan

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Emperor Shomu dedicates the Todaiji, which houses the 'Great Buddha'.
jan 25 - Leo IV, the Khazar, Byzantine emperor r.775-780, is born.

[Christa Jenneman]

750
c - England

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The Old English poem Beowulf

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may have been composed
c - Iraq Abbasid Dynasty of Islam in Baghdad. The "golden age" of Islamic cultureu.1258
 751
x - Pippin the Short

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b.714- d.768 dethrones the last Merovingian king and becomes King of the Franks.
x - Arabs win Battle of River Talas, central Asia; Islam comes to China
x - Paper manufactured outside of China

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, in Samarkand by Chinese captured in war.
 752
mar 15 - Pope Zacharias

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, r.741-mar 15 752, dies. ormar 22 752.
mar 22 - Stephen II

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elected Catholic Pope

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. or mar 23 752
mar 26 - Pope Stephen II

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elected mar 22 752 or mar 23 752, dies.
 754
jan 07 - Pope Stephen III

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arrives in Ponthion.
apr 14 - Pact of Quierzy between Pope Stephen III and Pippin the Short

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b.714-d.sep 24 768.
jun 05 - Eoda, English speaking bishop of Utrecht, murdered.
jun 05 - English saint/archbishop Boniface

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, Winfrid a79, b.c672 and over 50 companions are killed by Freisen Pagans at Dokkum.
jul 28 - Pope Stephen III crowns Pippin the Short b.714-d.sep 24 768.
aug 17 - Karloman, abbot of Monte cassino, dies at 39.

[Christa Jenneman]

755
x - Pippin the Short

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b.714-d.sep 24 768 donates land taken from the Lombards to the papacy
 756
x - Pippin the Short

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b.714 d.768 protects Pope Stephen III

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from the Lombards.
may 15 - Abd-al-Rahman I becomes emir of Cordova Spain.
 757
apr 26 - Pope Stephen III

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dies r.mar 22 752-apr 26 757 and Paul I

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becomes pope

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. re.List of Popes
may 29 - Paul I begins his reign as Catholic Pope

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. r.u.jun 28 767
 758
jun 23 - Ho-tse Shen-hui, Zen teacher/disciple of Hui-neng, dies at 74.
 760
x - Karaism founded, a Jewish reaction to Rabbinic Judaism
may 22 - 14th recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet

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.

[Christa Jenneman]

762
x - Abbasid dynasty ruling Iraq makes Baghdad its capital,
 765
x - Picture books printed in Japan.
dec 31 - Coffin of Ho-tse Shen-hui interred in a stupa built in China.
 766
x - Japan

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The Buddhist priest Dokyo attempts to seize the throne but fails by 770.
mar 06 - Chrodegang, church reformer/bishop of Mainz, dies at about 50.
 767
jun 28 - Pope Paul I

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dies and Stephen IV

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becomes pope. re.List of Popes
jul 05 - Antipope

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Duke of Nepi names his brother (leek) Pope Constantine II.

[Christa Jenneman]

768
jul 31 - Antipope

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Philip begins and ends his reign as Pope

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.
aug 06 - Antipope Constantine ends his reign as Pope.
aug 07 - Stephen IV begins his reign as Catholic Pope

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.
sep 24 - Charlemagne

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a.26 and his brother Carloman inherit the kingdom of the Franks from their father Pippin the Short

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b.714.
sep 24 - Pippin III

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, the short, King of France, dies at 53. b.714
 770
x - Charlemagne

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marries Desiderata, daughter of the Lombard King Desiderius.
 771
dec 05 - Charlemagne's brother Carloman II of Burgandy dies a.c20 and Charlemagne

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becomes ruler of a reunited Frankish Kingdom.
 772
jan 24 - Pope Stephen IV

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dies, ending his reign as Catholic Pope

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. re.List of Popes

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feb 01 - Adrian I

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begins his reign as Catholic Pope.
mar 01 - Po Tjiu-i, Chinese poet/governor of Hang-tsjow, is born.

[Christa Jenneman]

774
x - Charlemagne

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defeats the Lombards
x - Charlemagne aids Pope Adrian I

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and conquers the lands of his brief father-in-law after a lengthy siege of Pavia.Charlemagne spends the following Easter in Rome and reaffirms his vow to protect Papal lands.
apr 06 - Charlemagne affirms Pippin's

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promise of Quiercy. s.apr 14 754

[Christa Jenneman]

775
x - Charlemagne

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begins new attacks against the Saxons and their leader Widukind.
sep 23 - Constantine V Copronymus, Emperor of Byzantium r.720-775, dies.
oct 16 - Mansur, kalief of Abbasiden, dies.
 778
x - The events surrounding the Song of Roland take place as Charlemagne's rear guard leaves Spain

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. Though somewhat romanticized in the 4000 line epic, the defeat of Roland is the most important epic literature to come from the Middle Ages.
aug 15 - Battle at Roncevalles: Basques beat Charles the Great.
 779
feb 25 - Walburgis, Anglo-Saxon abbess/saint (Walpurgis Night), dies.

[Christa Jenneman]

780
sep 08 - Leo IV de Chazaar, Byzantine Emperor r.775-780 dies.
 781
x - Japan

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Kammu ascends to the imperial throne.
 782
x - Charlemagne

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orders the execution of 4500 Saxon prisoners in one day.
 783
x - Charlemagne

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begins the final three year campaign to conquer Saxony.
apr 30 - Hildegarde dies in childbirth.
jul 12 - Bertrada of Laon, wife of French king Pippin III

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, dies.
 784
x - Japan

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?tomo Yakamochi is given the rank Sei to Sh?gun, becoming the first to assume that title. His subsequent campaigns in the north are ineffectual.
x - Japan The Imperial court is moved from Heijo to Nagaoka.
nov 14 - Alberik I, bishop of Utrecht, dies.

[Christa Jenneman]

786
x - Charlemagne

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defeats the Saxons and imposes strict new rules to govern all areas of their lives, laws that only the Christian Church in Saxony could remove.
sep 24 - Al-Hadi, Arabic kalief of Islam (185-86), dies.
 787
x - Oecumenical Council of Roman Church.
x - Scandinavian raids of Britain.
sep 24 - 2nd Council of Nicaea 7th ecumenical council

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opens in Asia Minor.
oct 23 - Byzantine empress Irene recovers Iconclastic cult at Nicaea.
 788
x - Charlemagne

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defeats the Bavarians.
x - Japan

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The monk Saich? founds the Enryakuji on Mt. Hiei.
 791
x - Austria Hungary Charlemagne

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conquers the empire of the Avars u.796

[Christa Jenneman]

793
jun 08 - Vikings plunder St Cuthbert convent Lindisfarne.
 794
x - Japan

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Emperor Kammu moves the Imperial Court to Heian-kyo Kyoto. Start of the Heian Period. u.1185Period has ore independence from China.
jan 08 - Vikings attacked Lindisfarne Island.
jun 01 - Charlemagne

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opens general synod in Frankfurt.
aug 10 - Fastrada, 3rd wife of Charlemagne, dies at 30.
nov 18 - Japanese emperor Kammu deallocates residence of Nara to Kioto.
 795
dec 22 - Leo III succeeds pope Adrianus I.
dec 25 - Adrian I

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dies, ending his reign as Catholic Pope

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. r.772-dec 25 795.
dec 26 - Leo III

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begins his reign as Catholic Pope. re.List of Popes

[Christa Jenneman]

796
jul 26 - Offa, king of Mercia (75.-796).
 799
x - Leo III

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is attacked while on a religious procession in Rome. He returns to health with Charlemagne and is sent back to Rome under heavy guard. Charles hopes time will soften the people's impression of Leo III.
apr 13 - Paulus Diaconus Warnafridi, Longobardisch writer, dies.
nov 29 - Pope Leo III, aided by Charles the Great, returns to Rome.

[Christa Jenneman]

 800
0800s - Military Technology Belfroys, large, wheeled, wooden siege towers with a drawbridge are used against fortifications. As are battering rams, with large ones are mounted on wheels in a covered shed.test
0800s - Military Technology Chinese chemists mix black powder.
0800s - Military Technology The crossbow appears.
c - Ireland

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Literature The illuminated maunscript The book of Kells is written.
x - Charlemagne

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and his massive entourage, including his children, went to Rome. Charlemagne immediately called to order a trial for Leo III

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. There was a mass conspiracy in Rome against the Pope, and the trial could neither condemn him or find him innocent. Then, Pope Leo took an oath of innocence near the holy tomb of Saint Peter. After this bold move, the Pope achieved enormous popularity and was universally accepted as innocent. re.List of Popes

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x - Japan

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The shoen system is refined and expands; the strength of the warrior houses in the northern provinces steadily grows.
dec 25 - Rome Christmas Day Leo III crowns Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor r.u.814 in Saint Peter's Basilica and, for the only time in Papal history, a pope bows before an earthly king.Charlemagne is the undisputed ruler of Western Europe. His realm includes what are now France, Switzerland, Belgium, and The Netherlands, half of present-day Italy and Germany, and parts of Austria and Spain

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. By establishment of a central government over Western Europe, Charlemagne restores much of the unity of the old Roman Empire and paves the way for the development of modern Europe.

[Christa Jenneman]

801
dec 28 - Louis the Vrome occupies Barcelona.
 802
x - St. Paulinus of Aquileia dies.
x - King Jayavarman II of Khmer people of Cambodia founds Angkorian dynasty which becomes centre of Khmer life
oct 31 - Empress Irene of Byzantium driven out.
 803
aug 09 - Irene, Byzantine empress and wife of emperor Leo IV, dies.
 804
x - Japan

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The monk Saich? is sent by emperor Kammu to study Buddhism

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in China

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.
mar 30 - Liudger becomes 1st bishop of M?nster.
may 19 - Alcuin of York, English scholar, dies in Tours, France at 69.
 806
x - Japan

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Emperor Kammu dies.
x - Japan First year of Daid?.