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Demon Queen
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Fictitious and Symbolic Creatures in Art
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June 16, 2009, 03:18:45 pm »
Fictitious and Symbolic Creatures in Art
by John Vinycomb
[1909]
This is a review of the folk-lore of animals, mostly of a legendary or purely symbolic nature, particularly as appearing in English Heraldry. It's a gold-mine of lore about such fantastic beasts as the hydra, the basilisk, the phoenix, as well as angels, dragons, mermaids, sphynxes and so on. Vinycomb also covers heraldic versions of actual animals, such as the 'Tyger,' and the Heraldic Pelican and Dolphin. Included are over a hundred illustrations of fantastic creatures. Overall, a delight for browsing.--J.B. Hare, May 25, 2009.
http://sacred-texts.com/lcr/fsca/index.htm
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Demon Queen
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Re: Fictitious and Symbolic Creatures in Art
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June 18, 2009, 01:09:40 pm »
FICTITIOUS & SYMBOLIC CREATURES IN ART
WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THEIR USE
IN BRITISH HERALDRY
BY JOHN VINYCOMB
MEMBER OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY, FELLOW OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF IRELAND, A VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE EX-LIBRIS SOCIETY
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June 18, 2009, 01:15:34 pm »
p. v
PREFACE
UNDER the title of this book it is proposed to describe and illustrate only those fictitious and symbolic creatures which appear in British Heraldry. The list will include all those beings of whose existence we have not the direct evidence of our senses, and those exaggerations and combinations of natural forms which have been adopted in the system of symbolic heraldry handed down to us from the Middle Ages. Many of the ideas of the writers of that period were undoubtedly derived from still earlier sources, namely, classic story, sacred and legendary art, and the marvellous tales of early travellers; others were the coinage of their own fancies and their fears.
As these unreal beings are constantly met with in symbolic art, of which heraldry is the chief exponent, it may be assumed that they have been adopted in each case with some obvious or latent meaning, as in
p. vi
the case of real animals; they may, therefore, equally lay claim to our consideration as emblems or types, more especially as less attention has been devoted to them and the delineation of their forms by competent artists. The writer has been led into considering and investigating the subject with some degree of attention, from finding the frequent need of some reliable authority, both descriptive and artistic, such as would enable any one to depict with accuracy and true heraldic spirit the forms and features of these chimerical beings. Books of reference on heraldry unfortunately give but a meagre description of their shapes, with scarcely a hint as to their history or meaning, while the illustrations are usually stiff and awkward, representing a soulless state of art.
It cannot be said that artists at any period have succeeded, even in a remote degree, in embodying the highly wrought conceptions of the poets concerning these terrible creatures of the imagination. Milton seems to have carried poetic personification to its utmost limits. Who, for instance, could depict a being like this:
"Black it stood as night,
Fierce as ten furies, terrible as hell!"
Out of the ambiguous and often conflicting accounts
p. vii
of different authors and the vagaries of artists it became no easy task to arrive at a clear conception of many of the forms of these ideal monsters. The poet's pen may turn them to shapes, shadowy at the best; but the artist who follows the poet in endeavouring to realise and give tangible shape to these ideas finds it beyond his art to give material form and expression to his personifications with anything like photographic fidelity Such shadowy beings prefer the dim light of allegory to the clear sunlight of reason, and shrink from closer inspection. Like all spectres they are ever most effective in the dark. In the childhood of the world, from the dawn of history, and all through the dim and credulous ages past, many such illusions have performed an important part in influencing the thought and lives of mankind. Over many lands these inherited ideas still exercise a paramount influence, but in the enlightenment of the coming time it is probable their power, like that of an evil dream, will fade entirely away with the dawn of a brighter day, and the memories of their name and influence alone remain. At present we are chiefly concerned with them as symbols, and with their mode of representation, breathing for a brief moment the breath of life into their old dead skins. These mythical creatures may be gazed upon, shorn of all
p. viii
their terrors, in the illustrations I have been enabled to make, and if it is found that from each creature I have not "plucked out the heart of its mystery" it is probably because there is no mystery whatever about it, only what to us now appears as an ingenious fiction engendered by a credulous, imaginative and superstitious past. And so we find the old horrors and pleasing fictions, after figuring for ages as terrible or bright realities in the minds of entire peoples, reduced at length to the dead level of a figure of speech and a symbol merely.
J. Vinycomb.
Holywood,
County Down,
April 1906.
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Demon Queen
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June 18, 2009, 01:16:02 pm »
CONTENTS
PAGE
Introduction
1
Notes on Animated Beings in Heraldic Art
13
The symbolism of Attitude or Position
18
The Heraldic Spirit—Effective decorative Quality essential in Heraldry
22
Celestial Beings
25
Angels
27
Mistaken Modern Conception of Angels
32
Mediæval Art Treatment of Angels
34
Cherubim and Seraphim in Heraldry
44
The Cherubim and Seraphim of Scripture
47
Emblems of the Four Evangelists
53
Chimerical Creatures of the Dragon and Serpent Kind
57
The Dragon
59
The Dragon in Christian Art
69
The Dragon in the Royal Heraldry of Britain
83
The Crocodile as the Prototype of the Dragon
91
The Heraldic Dragon
92
The Hydra
96
The Wyvern
98
The Chimera
102
The Lion-Dragon
103
The Gorgon
103
The Cockatrice
104
Basilisk, or Amphysian Cockatrice
106
The Mythical Serpent
108
p. x
PAGE
The Scorpion
122
Other Chimerical Creatures and Heraldic Beasts
125
The Unicorn
127
Mediæval Conception of the Unicorn
130
The Horn of the Unicorn
133
The Pegasus
137
Sagittary, Centaur, Sagittarius, Centaurus, Hippocentaur
141
Griffin or Gryphon
147
The Male Griffin
160
Other Varieties of the Griffin
161
The Opinicus, or Epimacus
162
The Sphynx
163
The Phœnix Bird of the Sun
171
The Harpy
179
The Heraldic Pelican
182
The Martlet
186
The Alerion
188
The Liver (Cormorant)
189
The Heraldic Tigre or Tyger
190
The Royal Tiger
193
Leopard, or Panther, Felis Pardus, Lybbarde
194
The Panther "Incensed"
199
The Lynx
203
Cat-a-Mountain—Tiger Cat or Wild Cat
205
The Salamander
209
Heraldic Antelope
213
The Heraldic Ibex
215
Bagwyn
216
The Camelopard, Camel-Leopard
216
Musimon, Tityrus
217
The Enfield
217
Mantiger, Montegre or Manticora Satyral
218
Lamia or Emipusa
220
Baphomet
221
p. xi
PAGE
Apres
221
Stelliones
221
Fictitious Creatures of the Sea
223
Introductory Notes
225
Poseidon or Neptune
237
Merman or Triton
239
The Mermaid or Siren
243
The Sirens of Classic Mythology
249
The Dolphin of Legend and of Heraldry
254
The Dauphin of France
265
The Heraldic Dolphin
267
The Sea-Horse
270
Sea-Lion
274
Sea-Dog
275
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Demon Queen
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June 18, 2009, 01:16:27 pm »
p. xii p. xiii
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
Celestial Beings:
Angel holding Shield
27
Egyptian Winged Deity
28
Hawk-headed and winged figure, emblem of Osiris
29
Angel with Cloud Symbol
38
Angel Supporter
40
Kneeling Angel Supporter
41
Arms of the Abbey of St. Albans
42
Gloria in Excelsis Deo
43
Cherubs’ Heads
44
A Seraph's Head
44
Arms—Azure a chevron argent between three cherubs’ heads of the last
45
Cherubim and Seraphim of Scripture
47
Angel crest of Tuite, Bart., co. Tipperary
48
Tetramorph
52
Symbols of the Four Evangelists
54
The Lion of St. Mark, Venice
56
Chimerical Creatures of the Dragon and Serpent Kind:
The Dragon
59
Japanese Dragon
65
Japanese Imperial Device
67
The Dragon of the Apocalypse
71
St. Michael and the Old Dragon
72
St. Margaret. From ancient carving
73
St. George and the Dragon
74
p. xiv
PAGE
Chimerical Creatures—continued:
Dragon Standard. From the Bayeux Tapestry
86
A Dragon passant
90
Crest, a Dragon's Head erased collared and chained
93
Arms of the City of London
94
Sinister supporter of the arms of Viscount Gough
95
Hercules and the Lernean Hydra. From Greek vase
96
The Hydra
97
A Wyvern holding a fleur-de-lis
98
A Wyvern, wings endorsed, tail nowed
99
Wyvern from the Garter plate of Sir John Gray, 1436 A.D.
99
Wyvern, or Lindworm (German version)
100
Wyvern, wings displayed (early example)
101
Wyvern, wings depressed
101
Chimera, from a Greek coin
102
Cockatrice
105
Basilisk or Aphasian Cockatrice, tail nowed
107
Greek Shield, from painted vase in the British Museum
114
Brazen Serpent
114
Arms of Whitby Abbey
118
A Serpent, nowed, proper. Crest of Cavendish
121
Amphiptère, or flying Serpent
122
Scorpion
123
Other Chimerical Creatures and Heraldic Beasts:
Unicorn salient
127
Crest, a Unicorn's Head, couped
128
The Legend of the Unicorn
131
Pegasus or Pegasos
137
Coins of Corinth and Syracuse
138
Pegasus salient
139
The Sagittary—Centaur
142
Ipotane, from Mandeville's travels
144
Compound figures, gold necklace
145
Centaur, Greek Sculpture
146
p. xv
PAGE
Other Chimerical Creatures—continued:
A Griffin statant, wings endorsed
148
A Griffin passant, wings raised. (Early English)
149
A Griffin segreant, wings displayed. (German)
149
Sleeping Griffin
150
Griffin segreant (German version)
152
Gold Flying Griffin
154
Colossal Griffins, Burmah
155
Carved panel, a Griffin segreant
160
Male Griffin
161
Opinicus statant
162
Egyptian Sphynx
163
Theban, or Greek Sphynx
164
A Sphynx passant guardant, wings endorsed
170
The Phœnix
171
A Harpy, wings disclosed
179
The Harpy, Greek sculpture
180
A Harpy displayed and crowned (German version)
181
Shield of Nüremberg
181
A Pelican in her piety, wings displayed
182
Heraldic Pelican in her piety
183
Crest, a Pelican vulning herself proper, wings endorsed
184
The natural Pelican
186
The Martlet
186
Alerion displayed
188
Heraldic Eagle
188
An Heraldic Tigre passant
190
Supporter, an Heraldic Tigre, collared and lined
191
Tigre and Mirror
193
A Leopard passant
195
A Leopard's Face, jessant-de-lis
196
Panther "Incensed"
200
The Lynx
203
Cat-a-Mountain saliant, collared and lined
205
Crest, a Cat-a-Mountain, sejant, collared and lined
206
p. xvi
PAGE
Other Chimerical Creatures—continued:
The crowned Salamander of Francis I.
209
Salamander crest of James, Earl of Douglas
212
Heraldic Antelope
214
The Heraldic Ibex
215
Musimon, Tityrus
217
Mantygre, Satyral
218
Manticora. From ancient Bestiaria
219
Lamia. From old Bestiary
220
Fictitious Creatures of the Sea:
Poseidon. Dexter Supporter of Baron Hawke
237
Merman or Triton
240
Triton, with two tails (German)
240
Mermaid and Triton supporters
241
Mermaid
242, 243
Crest of Ellis
244
Die Ritter, of Nuremberg
245
Ulysses and the Sirens
249, 250
The Dolphin
254, 255
Dolphin of classic art
259
Coin of Ægina
262
Sign of the Dolphin
263
Banner of the Dolphin
265
Example—Dolphin embowed
267
Dolphin hauriant, urinant, naiant, torqued
268
Sea-horse naiant
270
Sea-horse erect
271
Arms of the city of Belfast
273
Sea-lion erect
275
Sea-dog rampant
276
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Demon Queen
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Re: Fictitious and Symbolic Creatures in Art
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June 18, 2009, 01:17:21 pm »
p. 1
INTRODUCTION
"Angels and ministers of grace defend us."—"Hamlet."
THE human mind has a passionate longing for knowledge even of things past comprehension. Where it cannot know, it will imagine; what the mind conceives it will attempt to define. Are facts wanting, poetry steps in, and myth and song supply the void; cave and forest, mountain and valley, lake and river, are theatres peopled by fancy, and
"as imagination bodies forth
The forms of things unknown, the poet's pen
Turns them to shapes, and gives to airy nothing
A local habitation and a name."
Traditions of unreal beings inhabit the air, and will not vanish be they ever so sternly commanded; from the misty records of antiquity and the relics of past greatness as seen sculptured in stupendous ruins on the banks of the Nile and the plains of Assyria, strange shapes look with their mute stony eyes upon a world that knows them but imperfectly, and
p. 2
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June 18, 2009, 01:17:37 pm »
vainly attempts to unriddle the unfathomable mystery of their being. Western nations, with their growing civilisations, conjured up monsters of benign or baneful influence, or engrafted and expanded the older ideas in a manner suited to their genius and national characteristics.
The creatures of the imagination, "Gorgons and Hydras and Chimeras dire," shapes lovely and shapes terrible begot of unreason in the credulous minds of the imaginative, the timid and the superstitious,—or dreamy poetic fancies of fairies and elves of whom poets sing so sweetly:
"Shapes from the invisible world unearthly singing
From out the middle air, from flowery nests
And from the pillowy silkiness that rests
Full in the speculation of the stars,—"
Keats.
"or fairy elves,
Whose midnight revels, by the forest side
Or fountain, some belated peasant sees,
Or dreams he sees,—"
Milton, Paradise Lost, Book i.
the nameless dreads and horrors of the unknown powers of darkness, the pestiferous inhabitants of wastes and desert places where loneliness reigns supreme, and imaginary terrors assault the traveller on every hand, assuming forms more various and more to be dreaded than aught of mortal birth,—such vague and indefinable ideas, "legends fed by
p. 3
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Demon Queen
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June 18, 2009, 01:17:52 pm »
time and chance," like rumours in the air, in the course of time assume tangible shape, receiving definite expression by the poet and artist until they become fixed in the popular mind as stern realities influencing the thoughts and habits of millions of people through successive generations. We see them in the rude fetish of the South Sea Islander, the myriad gods and monsters of heathen mythology, as well as in the superstitions of mediæval Europe, of which last the devil with horned brow, cloven hoofs and forked tail is the most "unreal mockery" of them all. The days of Diabolism and the old witch creed are, however, passed away; but under the dominance of these ideas during centuries, in Protestant and Catholic lands alike, hundreds of thousands of innocent victims of all ages and both sexes were accused of the most absurd and impossible crimes, and subjected to almost inconceivable torture and death.
The dying Christian about to pass through the valley of the shadow of death, in the words of the poet, expresses his faith in the nearness of the spirit world:
"I see a form ye cannot see
I hear a voice ye cannot hear."
To the spiritually minded other forms, with more of the beautiful and less of the hideous and frightful, revealed themselves; the solitary recluse, his body and mind reduced to an unnatural condition by fasting and penance, in mental hallucination beheld his
p. 4
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Demon Queen
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June 18, 2009, 01:18:05 pm »
celestial visitants with awe and adoration, and saw in visions angels and archangels, cherubim and seraphim towering in a blaze of glory to illimitable height and extremest space. The rapt seraph and the whole angelic host of heaven to his ecstatic gaze was a revelation and a reality as tangible as were the powers of darkness seen and felt by more sordid natures, incapable of the higher conceptions, and whose minds were accessible chiefly through their terrors.
To classic fable we are indebted for very many of the fictitious animals which heralds have introduced into coats armorial. In all ages man has sought to explain by myths certain phenomena of nature which he has been unable to account for in a more rational manner. Earthquakes were the awakening of the earth tortoise which carried the earth on its back; the tides were the pulses of the ocean; lightning was the breath of demons, the thunderbolt of Jupiter, the hammer of Thor; volcanoes were the forges of the infernal deities. In the old Norse legends we read of waterspouts being looked upon as sea serpents, and wonderful stories are related of their power and influence. The Chinese imagine eclipses to be caused by great dragons which seek to devour the sun. Innumerable beliefs cluster round the sun, moon, and stars. We may trace from our own language the extent of power which these peculiar beliefs have had over the human mind. We still speak of mad people as lunatics, gloomy people as saturnine, sprightly people we term mercurial; we say, "Ill-star’d event,"
p. 5
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&c. &c. The ships of the early navigators, with masts and sails and other requisites for directing their motion or influencing their speed, would be objects of astonishment to the inhabitants of the countries they visited, causing them to be received with the utmost respect and veneration. The ship was taken for a living animal, and hence originated, some say, the fables of winged dragons, griffons, flying citadels, and men transformed into birds and fishes. The winged Pegasus was nothing but a ship with sails and hence was said to be the offspring of Neptune.
"In reality," says Southey, in his preface to the "Morte d’Arthur," vol. ii. 1817, "mythological and romantic tales are current among all savages of whom we have any full account; for man has his intellectual as well as his bodily appetite, and these things are the food of his imagination and faith. They are found wherever there is language and discourse of reason; in other words, wherever there is man. And in similar states of society the fictions of different people will bear a corresponding resemblance, notwithstanding the differences of time and scene." And Sir Walter Scott, in his "Essay on Romance and Chivalry," following up the same idea, adds, "that the usual appearances and productions of nature offer to the fancy, in every part of the world, the same means of diversifying fictitious narrative by the introduction of prodigies. If in any romance we encounter the description of an elephant, we may reasonably conclude that a phenomenon unknown in Europe must
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June 18, 2009, 01:18:35 pm »
have been borrowed from the East; but whoever has seen a serpent and a bird may easily aggravate the terrors of the former by conferring on a fictitious monster the wings of the latter; and whoever has seen or heard of a wolf, or lion and an eagle, may, by a similar exercise of invention, imagine a griffon or a hippogriff."
Beyond the common experiences of every-day life the popular mind everywhere cares very little about simple commonplace practical truths. Human nature seems to crave mystery, to be fond of riddles and the marvellous, and doubtless it was ever so and provided for in all the old faiths of the world.
"The multitude of dragons, diverse as they are, reflecting the fears and fancies of the most different races, it is more than probable is a relic of the early serpent-worship which, according to Mr. Fergusson, is of such remote antiquity that the religion of the Jews was modern in comparison, the curse laid on the serpent being, in fact, levelled at the ancient superstition which it was intended to supersede. Notwithstanding the various forms under which we find the old dragon he ever retains something of the serpent about him, if no more than the scales. In the mediæval devil, too, the tail reveals his descent." (Louis F. Day.)
The fictitious beings used as symbols in heraldry may be divided into two classes: (1) Celestial beings mentioned in Holy Writ, and those creatures of the imagination which, from the earliest ages, have held
p. 7
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possession of men's minds, profound symbols unlike anything in the heavens or in the earth beneath or in the waters under the earth. They may be abstract ideas embodied in tangible shape, such as the terrible creature, the type of some divine quality, that stands calm, immovable, and imperishable within the walls of our National Museum; such forms as the dragon, of the purely imaginative class, and those creatures compounded of parts of different real animals, yet unlike any one of them, each possessing special symbolic attributes, according to the traditional ideas held concerning them. (2) Animals purely heraldic, such as the heraldic tiger, panther incensed, heraldic antelope, &c., owe their origin and significance to other ideas, and must be accounted for on other grounds, namely, the mistaken ideas resulting from imperfect knowledge of these objects in natural history by early writers and herald painters, to whom they were no doubt real animals with natural qualities, and, as such, according to their knowledge, they depicted them; and although more light has been thrown upon the study of natural history since their time, and many of their conceptions have been proved to be erroneous, the well-known heraldic shapes of many of these lusus naturæ are still retained in modern armory. These animals were such as they could have little chance of seeing, and they probably accepted their descriptions from "travellers’ tales," always full of the marvellous—and the misleading histories of still earlier writers.
p. 8
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Pliny and many of the writers of his day describe certain animals in a way that appears the absurdest fable; even the lion described by him is in some points most unnatural. Xenophon, for instance, describing a boar hunt, gravely tells us: "So hot are the boar's tusks when he is just dead that if a person lays hairs upon them the hairs will shrivel up; and when the boar is alive they—that is, the tusks—are actually red hot when he is irritated, for otherwise he would not singe the tips of the dogs’ hair when he misses a blow at their bodies." The salamander in flames, of frequent occurrence in heraldry, is of this class. Like the toad, "ugly and venomous," the salamander was regarded by the ancients with the utmost horror and aversion. It was accredited with wondrous qualities, and the very sight of it "abominable and fearful to behold." Elian, Nicander, Dioscorides and Pliny all agree in that it possessed the power of immediately extinguishing any fire into which it was put, and that it would even rush at or charge the flame, which it well knew how to extinguish. It was believed that its bite was certainly mortal, that anything touched by its saliva became poisonous, nay, that if it crept over a tree all the fruit became deleterious. Even Bacon believed in it. Quoth he: "The salamander liveth in the fire and hath the power to extinguish it." There is, too, a lingering popular belief that if a fire has been burning for seven years there will be a salamander produced from it. Such is the monstrous character given to
p. 9
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one of the most harmless of little creatures: the only basis of truth for all this superstructure of fable is the fact that it exudes an acrid watery humour from its skin when alarmed or in pain.
Spenser, in the "Fairy Queen," Book 1, cant. v. 18, according to the mistaken notions of his time, compares the dangerous dissimulation and treacherous tears of Duessa (or Falsehood) to the crocodile:
"As when a weary traveller that strays
By muddy shore of broad seven-mouthed Nile,
Unweeting of the perilous wand’ring ways,
Doth meet a cruel, crafty crocodile,
Which in false guise hiding his harmful guile,
Doth weep full sore, and shedding tender tears;
The foolish man, that pities all the while
His mournful plight, is swallowed unawares
Forgetful of his own that minds another's cares."
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-----------------------------
=> Gods of Egypt
=> Egypt & the Pyramids
=> the Giza Complex
=> the Dynasties of Egypt
=> Egypt: Latest Discoveries
-----------------------------
the Guanches, Basques, Berbers & Sea People
-----------------------------
=> Guanches, Basques & Berbers
=> Pirates, Phantom Islands & Stories of the Sea
=> the Sea People
-----------------------------
the Ancient World
-----------------------------
=> Neolithic Europe
=> Stonehenge & the Druids
=> the Library of Alexandria, Ancient Historians & Philosophers
=> Ancient Warfare
=> the Spartans
-----------------------------
the Dawn of Civilization
-----------------------------
=> Africa, the Cradle of Life
=> China & the Asian Empires
=> Eastern Mysticism, India, & the Ancient Far East
=> Zoroastrianism, Arabia & the Near East
=> the Sumerians
=> Ancient Asia Minor
=> Hawaii, Australia, Alaska & the Pacific Rim
-----------------------------
Ancient Mediterranean Cultures
-----------------------------
=> Minoan Crete
=> Phoenicians & Carthage
=> Mediterranean Islands
=> Israelities & the Kabbalah
=> Etruscans
=> Ancient Greece
=> Rome: Empire & Republic
-----------------------------
Ancient European Cultures
-----------------------------
=> The Picts & Celts
=> Ireland: History & Myths
=> Balkan History
=> Italy & Magna Graecia
=> the Vikings & Scandinavia
=> Germanic History
-----------------------------
Timelines of Ancient Europe
-----------------------------
=> History of Britain
=> Scotland: in History & Lore
=> Continental Europe: Past & Present
=> the Dark Ages
=> the Medieval World
=> The Renaissance
-----------------------------
the Ancient Americas
-----------------------------
=> the Ancient Americas
=> Peru: Mysteries & Prehistory
=> Mesoamerican & South American Cultures
===> Aztec
===> Incan
===> Olmec
===> Toltec & Teotihuacan
=> Mayan
=> Native American
=> Canada: Past & Present
-----------------------------
The Crusades, Templars & the Holy Grail
-----------------------------
=> the Crusades
=> the Knights Templar
=> The Holy Grail & Christian artifacts
=> The Sacred Feminine, the Cathars & Gnosticism
=> the Da Vinci Code
-----------------------------
Ancient Mysteries
-----------------------------
=> Philosophy
=> Ancient Mysteries
=> Lemuria, Mu & other sunken civilizations
=> Easter Island
=> Oak Island
-----------------------------
Archaeology & Anthropology
-----------------------------
=> Museums & Universities
=> Archaeology
=> Ancient Languages
=> Archaeological News
=> Underwater Archaeology
-----------------------------
Ancient Knowledge, Mysticism & Sacred Beliefs
-----------------------------
=> Ley Lines, Ancient Astronomy & Archeoastronomy
=> Prophecy, 2012, End Times & the End of the World
=> Sacred Symbols
=> The Ancient Arts: Astrology, Alchemy, the Tarot, Arcane Recondite Practices & the I Ching
-----------------------------
Search for the Sacred
-----------------------------
=> Angels & Angelology
=> Goddess Worship
=> Search for the Sacred
=> World Religions
=> the Urantia Book
=> Wicca, Witchcraft, Paganism & Ritual Magic
-----------------------------
Health & Healing
-----------------------------
=> Health, Healing & Medical News
=> Human Biology
=> Love & Relationships
=> Women's Studies
-----------------------------
Science & Technology
-----------------------------
=> Science, Physics & Technology
=> History of Science
=> Evolution vs. Intelligent Design
=> Human Genetics
-----------------------------
Earth Changes
-----------------------------
=> Earth Changes
=> Global Warming
=> Botany & Plant Life
===> Plants of the Americas that Changed the World
=> Antarctica & the Arctic
-----------------------------
Space
-----------------------------
=> NASA
=> Mars, the Red Planet
=> Life on Other Worlds
=> the Universe
=> Images from Space
-----------------------------
UFOs, Aliens & Future Science
-----------------------------
=> UFO's
=> Aliens & Alien Abduction
=> UFO Evidence & in the Media
=> Alternate History & Multiverses
=> Future Science
=> Time Travel
-----------------------------
the Occult
-----------------------------
=> Ghosts & Apparitions
=> Communicating with the Dead
=> Paranormal Events, Reincarnation & Near Death Experiences
=> the Enchanted World
=> the Supernatural
=> the Occult
-----------------------------
the Unexplained
-----------------------------
=> Cryptozoology
=> Bigfoot Sightings
=> the Unexplained
=> the Hollow Earth, Crop Circles, Strange Structures & Devices
=> Vanishings & Unsolved Murders
-----------------------------
Science Fiction & Fantasy
-----------------------------
=> Lord of the Rings
=> Science Fiction
=> King Kong, Gigantopithecus & the Mountain Gorilla
=> Godzilla, King of Monsters
=> Comic Books
===> Comic Book Creators
===> Videogames & Toys
-----------------------------
Halloween & Seasonal
-----------------------------
=> Halloween
=> Seasonal
=> Monsters of Myth, Movies & Folklore
=> Ghost Stories
=> the Zombie Apocalypse
-----------------------------
Genres of Film & Literature
-----------------------------
=> Universal Horror
=> H. P. Lovecraft
=> Horror
=> Dark Shadows
=> Twin Peaks
=> Online Horror Movies Sci-Fi & TV Series
-----------------------------
Arts & Literature
-----------------------------
=> Online Books & Research Papers
=> Classical Literature & Book Reviews
=> Art History
=> Architecture
=> Sculpture & Statuary
=> the Great Masters
=> Music
-----------------------------
Media & Film
-----------------------------
=> Cinema
=> the History of Film
=> Marilyn Monroe
=> Actresses & Models
=> Entertainment News
-----------------------------
Modern Historical Mysteries
-----------------------------
=> American History
===> Presidents of the United States
=> the World Wars
===> the Great Depression
=> the Holocaust
=> the Middle East: Past & Present
=> Modern History
===> the Industrial Age
===> Civil Rights
=> Great Cities of the World
=> the Kennedys: Their History & Assasinations
=> New York City: Then & Now
-----------------------------
September 11th, 2001
-----------------------------
=> September 11th: Conspiracies, Cover-ups & Remembrance
=> The World Trade Center Remembered
===> Life of the Twin Towers
=> Modern Warfare
=> Environmental Disasters & Mass Tragedies
-----------------------------
Suppressed Knowledge
-----------------------------
=> New World Order
=> Conspiracies
=> Suppressed Knowledge
=> Media Matters
-----------------------------
Politics
-----------------------------
=> the Barack Obama Administration
=> Conservatives, Trump, & Republican Politics
=> Joe Biden, Democratic Politics & News
=> Tea Party, Constitution, Libertarian Parties & Ron Paul
=> Politics & News
-----------------------------
Current Events
-----------------------------
=> Current Events & Odd Stories
=> The World Today
=> Financial News & the Economy
===> The History of Labor
=> Breaking News
-----------------------------
General Category
-----------------------------
=> Opinions & Editorials
=> Cartoons, Humor & Comic Strips
=> Ecology, Pets & the Animal Kingdom
=> General & Miscellaneous
=> Sports
=> Computers & the Internet
-----------------------------
Art, Graphics & Creative Writing
-----------------------------
=> Fantasy Art & Graphics
=> Creative Writing
===> Horror Fiction
=> Poetry
=> Photography & Models
=> Earth Images
-----------------------------
Past Events
-----------------------------
=> Case for Bush Impeachment/War Crimes
===> Bush Administration Torture Scandal
=> Campaign 2008
=> Atlantis Online - Memorial & Biography
===> Atlantis Online - Old Posts
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