Long distance exchange
At Ain Mallaha (in Israel), Anatolian obsidian and shellfish from the Nile-valley have been found. The source of malachite-beads is still unknown.
Sites
Natufian sites include:
Syria: Tell Abu Hureyra, Mureybat, Yabrud III
Israel: Ain Mallaha (Eynan), El-Wad, Ein Gev, Hayonim, Nahal Oren, Salibiya I
Palestinian National Authority: Jericho, Shuqba
Jordan: Beidha
Lebanon: Jiita III, Borj el-Barajné, Saaidé, Aamiq II
See also
Synoptic table of the principal old world prehistoric cultures
References
1.^ Kottak, Conrad P. (2005). Window on Humanity: A Concise Introduction to Anthropology. Boston: McGraw-Hill. pp. 155–156. ISBN 0072890282.
2.^ Munro, Natalie D. (2003). "Small game, the Younger Dryas, and the transition to agriculture in the southern Levant". Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Urgeschichte 12: 47–71.
http://www.anth.uconn.edu/faculty/munro/assets/Mitteilungen.pdf.
3.^ Bar-Yosef, Ofer (1998), "The Natufian Culture in the Levant, Threshold to the Origins of Agriculture", Evolutionary Anthropology 6 (5): 159–177, doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(1998)6:5<159::AID-EVAN4>3.0.CO;2-7,
http://www.columbia.edu/itc/anthropology/v1007/baryo.pdf 4.^ a b "Oldest Shaman Grave Found". National Geographic 04-Nov-2008
5.^ a b Clutton-Brock, Juliet (1995). "Origins of the dog: domestication and early history". in Serpell, James. The domestic dog: its evolution, behaviour and interactions with people. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521415292.
6.^ "Archaeologists discover 12,000 year-old grave of witch doctor". Daily Mail 04-Nov-2008
7.^ "Hebrew U. unearths 12,000-year-old skeleton of 'petite' Natufian priestess". By Bradley Burston. Haaretz, 05-Nov-2008
Further reading
Balter, Michael (2005), The Goddess and the Bull, New York: Free Press, ISBN 0-7432-4360-9
Bar-Yosef, Ofer (1998), "The Natufian Culture in the Levant, Threshold to the Origins of Agriculture", Evolutionary Anthropology 6 (5): 159–177, doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(1998)6:5<159::AID-EVAN4>3.0.CO;2-7,
http://www.columbia.edu/itc/anthropology/v1007/baryo.pdf Bar-Yosef, Ofer; Belfer-Cohen, Anna (1999), "Encoding information: unique Natufian objects from Hayonim Cave, Western Galilee, Israel", Antiquity 73: 402–409
Bar-Yosef, Ofer (1992), Valla, Francois R., ed., The Natufian Culture in the Levant, Ann Arbor: International Monographs in Prehistory, ISBN 1879621037
Campana, Douglas V.; Crabtree, Pam J. (1990), "Communal Hunting in the Natufian of the Southern Levant: The Social and Economic Implications", Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 3 (2): 223–243
Clutton-Brock, Juliet (1999), A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals (2nd ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-63247-1
Dubreuil, Laure (2004), "Long-term trends in Natufian subsistence: a use-wear analysis of ground stone tools", Journal of Archaeological Science 31 (11): 1613–1629, doi:10.1016/j.jas.2004.04.003
Munro, Natalie D. (August-October 2004), "Zooarchaeological measures of hunting pressure and occupation intensity in the Natufian: Implications for agricultural origins", Current Anthropology 45: S5, doi:10.1086/422084,
http://www.anth.uconn.edu/faculty/munro/assets/Munro2004.pdf S6-S33.
Simmons, Alan H. (2007), The Neolithic Revolution in the Near East: Transforming the Human Landscape, University of Arizona Press, ISBN 978-0-8165-6
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Natufian
http://ancientneareast.tripod.com/Natufian_Culture.html Epi-Palaeolithic (European Mesolithic) Natufian Culture of Israel (The History of the Ancient Near East)]
Cultural Complexity (Hierarchical Societies [Socio-Economic-Political Inequalities) in Mesopotamia: An Outline],
http://unix.temple.edu/~phansell/65online/lect8.htm Retrieved from "
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natufian_culture"
Categories:
Archaeological cultures
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