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Batman, A History

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the Joker
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« Reply #150 on: May 24, 2009, 03:42:10 pm »

In 1992 Batman returned to television in Batman: The Animated Series, which was produced by Warner Bros. and was broadcast on the Fox television network until 1997. After that point it moved to The WB Television Network and was reworked into The New Batman Adventures. The producers of Batman: The Animated Series would go to work on the animated feature film release Batman: Mask of the Phantasm (1993), as well as the futuristic Batman Beyond and Justice League series. Like Batman: The Animated Series, these productions starred Kevin Conroy as the voice of Batman/Bruce Wayne. In 2004, a new animated series titled The Batman made its debut with Rino Romano as the title character. In 2008, this series was replaced by another animated show, Batman: The Brave and the Bold, with Diedrich Bader as Batman.

In 2005 Christopher Nolan directed Batman Begins, a reboot of the film franchise starring Christian Bale as Batman. Its sequel, The Dark Knight (2008), set the record for the highest grossing opening weekend of all time in the U.S., earning approximately $158 million,[115] and became the fastest film to reach the $400 million mark in the history of American cinema (eighteenth day of release).[116] As of November 2008[update], The Dark Knight has the second-highest domestic gross of all films.[117] An animated anthology feature set between the Nolan films, Batman: Gotham Knight, was also released in 2008. The Dark Knight also pays homage to the comic Batman by making the character's eyes white during a minor scene in the movie.

Batman has several video games based on him and his crime fighting adventures.
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the Joker
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« Reply #151 on: May 24, 2009, 03:42:55 pm »



Michael Keaton as Batman in Batman (1989)
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« Reply #152 on: May 24, 2009, 03:43:33 pm »



Batman as he was depicted in Batman: The Animated Series. Les Daniels described the show as "[coming] as close as any artistic statement has to defining the look of Batman for the 1990s."[114]
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« Reply #153 on: May 24, 2009, 03:44:19 pm »

Homosexual interpretations

There has been some controversy over various sexual interpretations made regarding the content of Batman comics. Homosexual interpretations have been part of the academic study of Batman since psychologist Fredric Wertham asserted in 1954 Seduction of the Innocent that "Batman stories are psychologically homosexual". He claimed, "The Batman type of story may stimulate children to homosexual fantasies, of the nature of which they may be unconscious". Wertham wrote, "Only someone ignorant of the fundamentals of psychiatry and of the psychopathology of sex can fail to realize a subtle atmosphere of homoeroticism which pervades the adventures of the mature 'Batman' and his young friend 'Robin'".[118]

Andy Medhurst wrote in his 1991 essay "Batman, Deviance, and Camp" that Batman is interesting to gay audiences because "he was one of the first fictional characters to be attacked on the grounds of his presumed homosexuality," "the 1960s TV series remains a touchstone of camp," and "[he] merits analysis as a notably successful construction of masculinity."[119]

Creators associated with the character have expressed their own opinions. Writer Alan Grant has stated, "The Batman I wrote for 13 years isn't gay. Denny O'Neil's Batman, Marv Wolfman's Batman, everybody's Batman all the way back to Bob Kane... none of them wrote him as a gay character. Only Joel Schumacher might have had an opposing view". Writer Devin Grayson has commented, "It depends who you ask, doesn't it? Since you're asking me, I'll say no, I don't think he is ... I certainly understand the gay readings, though".[120] While Frank Miller has described the relationship between Batman and the Joker as a "homophobic nightmare",[121] he views the character as sublimating his sexual urges into crime fighting, concluding, "He'd be much healthier if he were gay".[122] Burt Ward, who portrayed Robin in the 1960s television show, has also remarked upon this interpretation in his autobiography Boy Wonder: My Life in Tights; He writes that the relationship could be interpreted as a sexual one, with the show's double entendres and lavish camp also possibly offering ambiguous interpretation.[123]
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« Reply #154 on: May 24, 2009, 03:45:00 pm »

Such homosexual interpretations continue to attract attention. One notable example occurred in 2000, when DC Comics refused to allow permission for the reprinting of four panels (from Batman #79, 92, 105 and 139) to illustrate Christopher York's paper All in the Family: Homophobia and Batman Comics in the 1950s.[124] Another happened in the summer of 2005, when painter Mark Chamberlain displayed a number of watercolors depicting both Batman and Robin in suggestive and sexually explicit poses.[125] DC threatened both artist and the Kathleen Cullen Fine Arts gallery with legal action if they did not cease selling the works and demanded all remaining art, as well as any profits derived from them.[126] The humor web site Superdickery.com has a whole section called 'Seduction of the Innocent', which includes many of the comic panels and covers from the Batman series that suggest homosexual behavior.
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« Reply #155 on: May 24, 2009, 03:45:41 pm »



Bruce Wayne and Dick Grayson. Panel from Batman #84 (June, 1954), page 24.
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