The Second Crusade

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"Many other important nobles of high rank were also present...but since it would take too long to record them here, their names are intentionally omitted."[12] From the Kingdom of Jerusalem, attendees included:

    * Baldwin III of Jerusalem
    * Melisende of Jerusalem
    * Patriarch Fulk of Jerusalem
    * Baldwin, Archbishop of Caesarea
    * Robert, Archbishop of Nazareth
    * Rorgo, Bishop of Acre
    * Bernard, Bishop of Sidon
    * William, Bishop of Beirut
    * Adam, Bishop of Banyas
    * Gerald, Bishop of Bethlehem
    * Robert of Craon, Grand Master of the Knights Templar
    * Raymond du Puy de Provence, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller
    * Manasses of Hierges
    * Philip of Nablus
    * Elinand of Tiberias
    * Gerard Grenier
    * Walter of Caesarea
    * Pagan the Butler
    * Barisan of Ibelin
    * Humphrey II of Toron
    * Guy of Beirut

"...and many others."[13]

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King Louis VII of France attended the council.

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References

   1. ^ Thomas Madden, "The New Concise History of the Crusades" (Rowan and Littlefield, 2005, pp. 58-60.
   2. ^ William of Tyre, "A History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea", trans. E.A. Babcock and A.C. Krey (Columbia University Press, 1943), vol. 2, bk. 16, ch. 29, pg. 183.
   3. ^ Christopher Tyerman, "God's War: A New History of the Crusades" (Penguin, 2006), pp. 330-331.
   4. ^ Tyerman, pg. 332.
   5. ^ Hans Eberhard Mayer, "The Crusades", trans. John Gillingham (Oxford University Press, 1972), pg. 103.
   6. ^ William, vol. 2, bk. 17, ch. 2, pg. 186.
   7. ^ Tyerman, pg. 333.
   8. ^ Hoch (2002)
   9. ^ Smail (1956)
  10. ^ William of Tyre, vol. 2, bk. 17, ch. 1, pg. 185.
  11. ^ Otto of Freising, "The Deeds of Frederick Barbarossa", trans. Charles Christopher Mierow (Columbia University Press, 1953), pg. 102-103.
  12. ^ William of Tyre, ibid.
  13. ^ Ibid.

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Further reading

    * Steven Runciman, A History of the Crusades, vol. II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100-1187. Cambridge University Press, 1952; repr. Folio Society, 1994.
    * R.C. Smail, Crusading Warfare, 1097-1193. Barnes & Noble Books, 1956.
    * James Brundage, The Crusades: A Documentary History. Milwaukee, WI: Marquette University Press, 1962.
    * M. W. Baldwin, ed. "The first hundred years," vol. 1 of A History of the Crusades, ed. Kenneth M. Setton. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1969.
    * Jonathan Riley-Smith, Atlas of the Crusades. New York: Facts on File, 1991.
    * Martin Hoch & Jonathan Phillips, eds., The Second Crusade: Scope and Consequences. Manchester University Press, 2002.
    * Jonathan Phillips, The Second Crusade: Extending the Frontiers of Christendom. Yale University Press, 2007.

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Siege of Damascus

The crusaders decided to attack Damascus from the west, where orchards would provide them with a constant food supply.[30] They arrived at Daraiya on 23 July. The following day, the Muslims were prepared for the attack and constantly attacked the army advancing through the orchards outside Damascus. The defenders had sought help from Saif ad-Din Ghazi I of Aleppo and Nur ad-Din of Mosul, who personally led an attack on the crusader camp. The crusaders were pushed back from the walls into the orchards, where they were prone to ambushes and guerrilla attacks.[27]

According to William of Tyre, on 27 July the crusaders decided to move to the plain on the eastern side of the city, which was less heavily fortified but had much less food and water.[30] It was recorded by some that Unur had bribed the leaders to move to a less defensible position, and that Unur had promised to break off his alliance with Nur ad-Din if the crusaders went home.[27] Meanwhile Nur ad-Din and Saif ad-Din had by now arrived. With Nur ad-Din in the field it was impossible to return to their better position.[27] The local crusader lords refused to carry on with the siege, and the three kings had no choice but to abandon the city.[30] First Conrad, then the rest of the army, decided to retreat back to Jerusalem on 28 July, though for their entire retreat they were followed by Turkish archers who constantly harassed them.[32] While in retreat in Jerusalem, the French got word of the beheading of Raymond, King of Antioch by the enemy, a major blow for the crusade.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_crusade