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News: USA showered by a watery comet ~11,000 years ago, ending the Golden Age of man in America
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Medeivaltext

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Amirah Koniztera
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« Reply #30 on: February 11, 2009, 12:07:41 am »

Richard and Saladin
    During the next year, Richard and Saladin fought many battles. Richard regained some territories but failed to regain Jerusalem. Each leader made various peace proposals, and in September 1192, the two leaders signed a five-year treaty. Under this treaty, the crusaders could keep their cities along the coast from Jaffa north, and pilgrims could once again freely visit the holy land.
 According to one writer, Richard sent word to Saladin that he had agreed to a treaty so that he could, "go back to his country (England), collect more money and men and return and take all of Jerusalem away from Saladin". Saladin replied that he "thought Richard so pleasant and upright", that if he must lose Jerusalem, he would rather lose it to Richard's mighty power than anyone else's.
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Amirah Koniztera
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« Reply #31 on: February 11, 2009, 12:08:03 am »

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Amirah Koniztera
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« Reply #32 on: February 11, 2009, 12:08:53 am »

The Fourth Crusade

     In 1198, Pope Innocent III asked for a 4th crusade


However,this crusade would prove to be disastrous to the Byzantine Empire.
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Amirah Koniztera
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« Reply #33 on: February 11, 2009, 12:09:10 am »

In this fourth crusade, the crusaders decided to go to the Holy Land by sailing the Mediterranean Sea rather than by land.
But the crusaders needed money, a lot of money . The ruler and the bankers in the city of Venice made a deal to provide the crusaders with ships and supplies in return for a share of the riches that the crusaders found. The crusaders continued on to Constantinople now in debt to the Venetian bankers . There, in 1204, the ruler of Venice persuaded the crusaders to attack Constantinople and put a new Emperor in charge of the Byzantine Empire. He also promised the crusaders they could have all the treasures and riches they could find in the city.
 
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Amirah Koniztera
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« Reply #34 on: February 11, 2009, 12:09:28 am »

For three terrible days, the crusaders burned libraries, looted churches, and stole many valuable works of art,  jewels, and gold.They then shipped their stolen goods to Venice to finish paying off their debt. Later historians have referred to this as
"the sack of Constantinople." In the selection below, you can read an eyewitness record .
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Amirah Koniztera
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« Reply #35 on: February 11, 2009, 12:09:45 am »

"How shall I begin to tell of the deeds done by these wicked men? They trampled the images underfoot instead of adoring them. They threw the relics of the martyrs into filth…. They broke into bits the sacred altar of Santa Sophia, and distributed it among the soldiers. When the sacred vessels and the silver and gold ornaments were to be carried off, they brought up mules and saddle horses inside the church itself."
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Amirah Koniztera
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« Reply #36 on: February 11, 2009, 12:10:13 am »

The spirit of the crusades had been lost. Very few crusaders ever made it to the Holy Land. The  "enthusiasm "  seen in the first crusades had been replaced by a hunger for wealth.

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Amirah Koniztera
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« Reply #37 on: February 11, 2009, 12:10:37 am »

THE CRUSADES AFFECT THE WEST
    Since these holy wars did not achieve their purpose, they may be judged as having ended in failure for several reasons . First, Jerusalem, considered the "center of the earth" for Christians, remained in the Muslims' control. Second, Constantinople, the jewel of the Byzantine Empire, was vandalized. Third, people lost respect for the crusaders because of the abuses of innocent people by the knights of the Fourth Crusade.
         Fourth, in Europe, the crusades proved to be a particular disaster for one group-the Jews. Crusaders considered both Jews and Muslims to be infidels ( people who did not believe in Christianity). So as the crusaders traveled across Europe towards Jerusalem, they took every opportunity to persecute both the western and eastern Jews. They robbed them, killed them, tortured them, and destroyed their businesses and their homes without mercy, simply because they were Jews.
    In a number of ways though, Western Europe did benefit from the crusades.  Because the Byzantines and the Muslims had carefully copied ancient writings, the crusaders were able to bring these Roman and Greek writings back to Europe. This knowledge spread a new interest in literature and art over Europe.
Since many of the crusaders brought back valuable goods like spices, gold, silver, silk and religious art stolen from Muslim, Jewish, or even Christian  cities, people began to desire these things more and a rich trade developed to get them.
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Amirah Koniztera
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« Reply #38 on: February 11, 2009, 12:11:20 am »

European cities such as Venice and Genoa in Italy became very wealthy and powerful because of the increased trade in the  Mediterranean with eastern countries

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Amirah Koniztera
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« Reply #39 on: February 11, 2009, 12:11:46 am »

The third major effect was improved technology. Crusaders learned how to make better ships and more accurate maps. They began to use magnetic compasses to tell different directions. These crusades would lead to even greater adventures. After fighting for nearly 200 years for control of the Holy Land, Europeans finally left the area to the Muslims. Europeans in the 1400s would begin to explore other parts of the world- Africa, the Far East, and the land that would be called America.

http://www.sbceo.k12.ca.us/~vms/carlton/medievaltext7.html
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