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2009 Sees The 200th Anniversary Of The Birth Of Charles Darwin

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Bianca
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« Reply #15 on: January 12, 2009, 07:22:48 pm »



             

              Julia Margaret Cameron’s 1868 portrait
              shows the beard Darwin grew in 1864.








In a legendary confrontation at the public 1860 Oxford evolution debate during a meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, the Bishop of Oxford Samuel Wilberforce, though not opposed to transmutation of species, argued against Darwin's explanation. In the ensuing debate Joseph **** argued strongly for Darwin and Thomas Huxley established himself as “Darwin’s bulldog”. Both sides came away feeling victorious, with Huxley claiming that on being asked by Wilberforce whether he was descended from monkeys on his grandfather’s side or
his grandmother’s side, Huxley muttered:

“The Lord has delivered him into my hands” and replied that he “would rather be descended from an ape than from
a cultivated man who used his gifts of culture and eloquence in the service of prejudice and falsehood”.

 
Julia Margaret Cameron’s 1868 portrait shows the beard Darwin grew in 1864.Even Darwin's close friends Gray, ****, Huxley and Lyell still expressed various reservations but gave strong support, as did many others, particularly younger naturalists. Gray and Lyell sought reconciliation with faith, while Huxley portrayed a polarisation between religion and science.

He campaigned pugnaciously against the authority of the clergy in education,[109] aiming to overturn the dominance of clergymen and aristocratic amateurs under Owen in favour of a new generation of professional scientists. Owen mistakenly claimed certain anatomical differences between ape and human brains, and accused Huxley of advocating “Ape Origin of Man”. Huxley gladly did just that, and his campaign over two years was devastatingly successful in ousting Owen and the “old guard”.

The Origin of Species was translated into many languages, becoming a staple scientific text attracting thoughtful attention from all walks of life, including the “working men” who flocked to Huxley’s lectures.

Darwin’s theory also resonated with various movements at the time[III] and became a key fixture of popular culture.

Darwinism became a movement covering a wide range of evolutionary ideas. In 1863 Lyell's Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man popularised prehistory, though his caution on evolution disappointed Darwin. Weeks later Huxley's Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature showed that anatomically, humans are apes, then The Naturalist on the River Amazons by Henry Walter Bates provided empirical evidence of natural selection.

Lobbying brought Darwin Britain's highest scientific honour, the Royal Society’s Copley Medal, awarded on 3 November 1864.  That day, Huxley held the first meeting of what became the influential X Club devoted to


                                       "science, pure and free, untrammelled by religious dogmas".
« Last Edit: January 12, 2009, 07:45:49 pm by Bianca » Report Spam   Logged

Your mind understands what you have been taught; your heart what is true.
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