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ROMAN FORUM - Heart of Ancient Rome - To Get Makeover - HISTORY

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Bianca
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« on: January 07, 2009, 08:36:48 am »












                                     Roman forum to get makeover - Ancient site to be lit up too






 (ANSA)
- Rome,
January 7, 2009

- The glories of Ancient Rome are to get a total makeover over the next two years, officials said this week.

The famed architectural sights will then be illuminated by a new lighting system, they said. Sites set for ''a complete clean-up'' include the Colosseum, the Palatine Hill, the Roman and Imperial Forums and Nero's Golden House, said Heritage Undersecretary Francesco Giro.

Long-awaited projects such as an underpass linking the forums and a new walkway up to the Palatine are part of the scheme which aims to restore Rome's ancient splendour by the spring of 2011.

Unsightly scaffolding, rusty fences and open digs will be cleared away ''so that the central archaeological area regains all its sumptuous beauty,'' Giro said.

The ''crowning touch,'' he said, would be an ''integrated'' illumination system for the entire area.

Giro said the culture ministry hoped to have the lights in place for the 2,764th anniversary of Rome's traditional founding date, April 21 753 BC.
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Bianca
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« Reply #1 on: January 07, 2009, 08:41:00 am »

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« Reply #2 on: January 07, 2009, 08:43:09 am »

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« Reply #3 on: January 07, 2009, 08:46:50 am »










Roman Forum, Forum Romanum

Roman Forum



Location

Regione VIII Forum Romanum



Built

in Unknown Kingdom Era



Built by/for

Unknown builder



Type of structure

Imperial forums



The Roman Forum, (Latin: Forum Romanum) sometimes known by its original Latin title, is located between the Palatine hill and the Capitoline hill of the city of Rome. It is the central area around which the ancient Roman civilization developed. Citizens referred to the location as the "Forum Magnum" or just the "Forum".

The oldest and most important structures of the ancient city are located in the forum, including its ancient former royal residency the Regia and the surrounding complex of the Vestal virgins. The Old Republic had its formal Comitium there where the senate, as well as Republican government began. The forum served as a city square and central hub where the people of Rome gathered for justice, and faith. The forum was also the economic hub of the city and considered to be the center of the Republic and Empire.
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« Reply #4 on: January 07, 2009, 08:52:49 am »










The area of the forum was originally a grassy wetland. It was drained in the 7th century BCE by building the Cloaca Maxima, a large covered sewer system that drained into the Tiber River, as more people began to settle between the two hills.

The second king, Numa Pompilius, is said to have begun the cult of Vesta, building its house and temple as well as the Regia as the city's first royal palace. Later Tullus Hostilius erected the Curia and enclosed the Comitium. In 600 BCE Tarquinius Priscus had the area paved for the first time.

Over time the Comitium was lost to the ever-growing Curia and Julius Caesar's rearranging of the forum before his assassination in 44 BC. After Caesar's death Octavius finished the work.

Many of the forum's temples are from either the kingdom or the Republican era.

Many have been destroyed and rebuilt several times.
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« Reply #5 on: January 07, 2009, 09:00:12 am »


   









An anonymous 8th century traveler from Einsiedeln (now in Switzerland) reported that the Forum was already falling apart in his time. During the Middle Ages, though the memory of the Forum Romanum persisted, its monuments were for the most part buried under debris, and its location was designated the "Campo Vaccino" or "cattle field," located between the Capitoline Hill and the Colosseum.

The return of Pope Urban V from Avignon in 1367 led to an increased interest in ancient monuments, partly for their moral lesson and partly as a quarry for new buildings being undertaken in Rome after a long lapse.

Artists from the late 15th century drew the ruins in the Forum, antiquaries copied inscriptions in the 16th century, and a tentative excavation was begun in the late 18th century.

Sequences of remains of paving show that sediment eroded from the surrounding hills was already raising the level of the forum in early Republican times. Originally it had been marshy ground, which was drained by the Tarquins with the Cloaca Maxima. Its final travertine paving, still visible, dates from the reign of Augustus.

A cardinal took measures to drain it again and built the Alessandrine neighborhood over it. But the excavation by Carlo Fea, who began clearing the debris from the Arch of Septimius Severus in 1803, and archaeologists under the Napoleonic regime marked the beginning of clearing the Forum, which was only fully excavated in the early 20th century.

Remains from several centuries are shown together, due to the Roman practice of building over earlier ruins.
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« Reply #6 on: January 07, 2009, 09:03:16 am »

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« Reply #7 on: January 07, 2009, 09:11:24 am »







                                               Structures within the Forum






The ruins within the forum clearly show how urban spaces were utilized during the Roman Age.

The Roman Forum includes a modern statue of Julius Caesar and the following major monuments, buildings, and ancient ruins:

 



Temples



Temple of Castor and Pollux

Temple of Saturn

Temple of Vesta

Temple of Venus and Roma

Temple of Antoninus and Faustina

Temple of Caesar

Temple of Vespasian and Titus

Temple of Concord

Shrine of Venus Cloacina






Basilicas



Basilica Aemilia

Basilica Julia

Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine






 Arches



Arch of Septimius Severus

Arch of Titus

Arch of Tiberius

Arch of Augustus






 Other structures



Regia, originally the residence of the kings of Rome or at least their main headquarters, and later the office of the Pontifex Maximus, the high priest of Roman religion.

Rostra, from where politicians made their speeches to the Roman citizens

Curia Hostilia (later rebuilt as the Curia Julia), the site of the Roman Senate

Tabularium

Gemonian stairs

Clivus Capitolinus was the street that started at the Arch of Tiberius, wound around the Temple of Saturn, and ended at Capitoline Hill.

Umbilicus Urbi, the designated centre of the city from which and to which all distances in Rome and the Roman Empire were measured

Milliarium Aureum All roads were considered to begin from this monument and all distances in the Roman Empire were measured relative to that point.

Lapis Niger, a shrine also known as the Black Stone

Atrium Vestae, the house of the Vestal Virgins

A processional street, the Via Sacra, linked the Atrium Vetae with the Colosseum. By the end of the Empire, it had lost its everyday use but remained a sacred place.

Column of Phocas, the last monument built within the Forum



Retrieved from:

wikipedia.org

Tullianum, the prison used to hold various foreign leaders and generals.
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« Reply #8 on: January 07, 2009, 09:15:24 am »

 
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« Reply #9 on: January 07, 2009, 09:21:39 am »






                                       




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« Reply #10 on: January 07, 2009, 09:38:44 am »



Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine
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« Reply #11 on: January 07, 2009, 09:45:03 am »

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« Reply #12 on: January 07, 2009, 09:54:46 am »

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« Reply #13 on: January 07, 2009, 09:56:38 am »



TEMPLE OF SATURN
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« Reply #14 on: January 07, 2009, 09:58:13 am »

                                       

                                        TEMPLE OF CASTOR AND POLLUX
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