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Indian Settlement Saved With Land Trust Purchase - HISTORY

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Bianca
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« on: October 22, 2008, 11:50:03 am »










               EUROPEAN COLONIZATION OF SOUTH CAROLINA AND THE HISTORY OF NINETY SIX







 Prior to the settlement of the English colony at Charles Town (Charleston, S.C.) in 1670, the South Carolina coast had been claimed and defended by the Spanish against rival European powers for over one and a quarter centuries. During that time, they attempted to bring the lands and the native peoples who already occupied the country the Spaniards called “La Florida” under their political and economic control.

The earliest documented contact between the Spanish and the Indians of South Carolina apparently occurred in 1521 when two Spanish ships sailing along the Georgia/South Carolina coast stopped at
the mouth of a major river, brought on board some 70 natives and carried them off to Santo Domingo.

Among the 70 was a member of the Shakori tribe known as Francisco of Chicora who became a servant of the man who had initiated the 1521 Spanish expedition that led to his capture, Lucas Vasquez de Ayllón. During his stay on Santa Domingo, Francisco of Chicora meet the historian Peter Martyr de Anghierra, who obtained from him an account of the Siouan peoples who apparently inhabited portions of the South Carolina coast at this time.

Some 130 year later, when the English were exploring North Carolina in 1650, they found the “Shockoories” had relocated to an area between the Meherrin and Nottoway rivers (Swanton 1946:183). As happened with so many Native American tribes, dwindling numbers due to disease and military conflicts prompted subsequent migrations and eventually led to their amalgamation with the Catawba in the early 18th century.

The first attempt by the Spanish to settle in South Carolina began in 1525 when two ships under the command of Pedro de Quexos traveled along the Georgia/South Carolina coast to reconnoiter for favorable locations to establish a new colony, picking up one or two Indians from each province along the way to be trained as interpreters (Swanton 1946:36-37). The following summer Lucas Vasquez de Ayllón set off with 600 settlers in three large ships to the mouth of a river they dubbed the Jordan. They soon became dissatisfied with the location and relocated to another river which they called the Gualdape some 40 or 45 leagues south of the Jordan.

The noted ethnohistorian, John Swanton (1946:37), of the opinion that Gualdape was part of the province of Guale, believed the Gualdape River was the Savannah River and that the Jordan was probably the Santee River (A conclusion that was also reached by DePratter [1989:136]). At Gualdape the Spanish settled again but briefly, abandoning the colony a few month later that winter as many of the colonists including its leader, Ayllón, died of disease.
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