Pyramids: Cast, Poured, or Both?

2. Why do geologists see nothing?

This is due to the geological glue, which, though artificial, is seen by the geologists either as an
impurity, and therefore useless to study, or as a natural binder. At best, the analysis tools and the
working methods of geologists consider the glue as a perfectly natural "micritic binder". Joseph
Davidovits manufactured an artificial limestone containing 15% of synthetic binder, and
submitted it to geologists who, on studying it, suspected nothing [6].
A geologist not informed of geopolymer chemistry will assert with good faith that the stones are
natural.

3. The chemical formula:

The geosynthesis aims to react the kaolinite clay (naturally included in the Giza limestone) with
caustic soda (see chemical formula 1). To manufacture this caustic soda, they use Egyptian natron
(sodium carbonate) and lime (coming from plant ashes) (see chemical formula 2). Then, they get
soda which will react with clay.
But the most interesting point is that this chemical reaction creates pure limestone as well as
hydrosodalite (a mineral of the feldspathoids or zeolites family). [6]
Chemical reaction1:
Si2O5,Al2(OH)4 + 2NaOH = > Na2O.2SiO2Al2O3.nH2O
kaolinite clay + soda = > hydrosodalite
Chemical reaction 2:
Na2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 = > 2NaOH + CaCO3
Sodium carbonate (Egyptian natron) + lime = > soda + limestone
Summary of the re-agglomerated stone binder chemical formula:
clay + natron + lime = > feldspathoids + limestone (i.e. a natural stone)
The re-agglomerated stone binder is the result of a geosynthesis (a geopolymer), which creates
two natural minerals: limestone and hydrated feldspar (feldspathoids). We understand why the
geologists can easily be misled.

4. Scientific analysis:

The analysis methods used today by geologists are not relevant. To show the artificial nature of
the material, they need to work with more powerful methods (analysis by synchrotron,
transmission and electronic scan microscopy SEM TEM, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Particle
Induced Gamma-Ray Emission, Particle Induced X-Ray Emission, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray
Diffraction). These tools are seldom used in this situation. Studies have been made, and all show
that the pyramid stones are artificial. [7]

We can quote the following scientific papers:
Microstructural Evidence of Reconstituted Limestone Blocks in the Great Pyramids of Egypt,
Barsoum M.W., Ganguly A. and Hug G., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 89[12], 3788-3796, (2006).
* The Enigma of the Construction of the Giza Pyramids Solved?, Scientific British Laboratory,
Daresbury, SRS Synchrotron Radiation Source, 2004.
* PIXE, PIGE and NMR study of the masonry of the pyramid of Cheops at Giza, Guy
Demortier, NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS and METHODS in PHYSICS RESEARCH B, B
226, 98 - 109 (2004).
* X-Rays Analysis and X-Rays Diffraction of casing stones from the pyramids of Egypt, and the
limestone of the associated quarries., Davidovits J., Science in Egyptology; A.R. David ed.; 1986;