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Mein Kampf (1925)

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Aryan Warrior
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« on: July 18, 2008, 11:03:13 pm »



Adolf Hitler Publishes Mein Kampf (1925)
Hitler dictated his manifesto, whose title means "my struggle," while serving a prison term for treason. The book, filled with anti-Semitic outpourings, political ideology, and strategy for world domination, became the bible of National Socialism. By the end of WWII, about 10 million copies of the book had been sold or distributed in Germany—owing much to the fact that every newlywed couple and every front soldier received a free copy. Where is it illegal to sell copies of the book?
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« Reply #1 on: July 18, 2008, 11:07:07 pm »



Cover of Mein Kampf - Volume 1 (First Edition)
Author Adolf Hitler
Country Germany
Language German
Genre(s) Autobiography, Political theory
Publisher Secker and Warburg
Publication date July 18, 1925
Media type Print (Hardcover & Paperback)
Pages 720 pp
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« Reply #2 on: July 18, 2008, 11:08:19 pm »

Mein Kampf (English translation: My Struggle) is a book by the German-Austrian politician Adolf Hitler, which combines elements of autobiography with an exposition of Hitler's National Socialist political ideology. Volume 1 of Mein Kampf was published in 1925 and volume 2 in 1926.[1] Popularity and history during Hitler's lifetimeFollowing the failed Beer Hall Putsch, Adolf Hitler went into hiding. However, he was arrested on November 11, 1923, was remanded in custody, and, after a 24-day trial, found guilty of high treason and sentenced to five years imprisonment (of which the term was to be reduced by four months and two weeks for the time served in prison prior to and during the trial). Presiding Judge Neithhardt was convinced that Hitler and the other members of the Kampfbund had acted honorably, and Hitler was therefore eligible for parole in six months and also to be given the privilege of Festungshaft (imprisonment without penal labor). This permitted Hitler a steady flow of visitors and a desk in his cell.

Hitler was allocated Cell No. 11 of the Fortress Landsberg prison. A subsequent trial pertaining to the putsch saw Hitler’s chauffeur Emil Maurice and close associate Rudolf Hess imprisoned for five years, though they too would be eligible for release in six months. During this time in prison, Hitler underwent something of an epiphany with regards to his use of violence: from now on everything was to be ostensibly legal.

Having chosen this new move, Hitler felt that he needed to make sure that the public knew what he stood for, so began to dictate a book to Hess and Maurice, part-autobiography but also a political treatise. While imprisoned, Hitler’s first often overlooked contribution to the literary world was released, a small 24-page self-written booklet entitled ‘What Happened On November 8?’ aimed at clearing up confusion and rumor amidst both the party ranks and presumably some members of the public.

A poster shows that Hitler originally wanted to call his forthcoming book ‘Viereinhalb Jahre [des Kampfes] gegen Lüge, Dummheit und Feigheit’ (Four and a Half Years of Fighting Against Stupidity, Lies and Cowardice). Hess is said to have suggested the much shorter Mein Kampf (often translated as "My Struggle", its meaning could also be conveyed as "My Fight").

Though Hitler had received many visitors earlier on, he soon devoted himself entirely to the writing (or rather the dictation) of the book. As Hitler continued, he realised that it would have to be a two-volume work, with the first volume scheduled for release in early 1925. The prison governor of Landsberg noted at the time that ‘he [Hitler] hopes the book will run into many editions, thus enabling him to fulfill his financial obligations and to defray the expenses incurred at the time of his trial.’

Once released from prison on December 20, 1924, Hitler moved back to the picturesque mountainous climes of the Obersalzberg, to which he had been introduced by his mentor Dietrich Eckart, who had been at Landsberg with Hitler for a few weeks (imprisoned for eighteen months for his role in the putsch) before his health failed and he was released. By day, Hitler dictated his second volume of Mein Kampf to Eckart before sleeping, first at a room in the nearby Hotel Pension Moritz and later a rented cottage just a stone’s throw away from Haus Wachenfeld, over which he would later construct his Berghof as chancellor of Germany.

On July 15, 1925, Franz Eher Nachfolger, later to become the publishing house of the NSDAP, released Mein Kampf: Eine Abrechnung (A Retrospect) at a run of a mere 500 copies. Though by no means popular, people were said to have contacted Eher asking for a larger run, which resulted in the publication of a second edition of the first volume in mid-1926. The second volume, Die Nationalsozialistische Bewegung (The National Socialist Movement) was released in December 1926. It was only ever published as a first edition after which Mein Kampf was only available as a two-volume work.

During Hitler’s time in power (1933-1945), it came to be available in three common editions. The first, the Volksausgabe (People's Edition), featured the original cover on the dust jacket and was navy blue underneath with a gold swastika eagle embossed on the cover. The Hochzeitsausgabe (Wedding Edition), in a slipcase with the seal of the province embossed in gold onto a parchment-like cover was given free to marrying couples and in 1940, the Tornister-Ausgaube, a compact but unabridged edition in a red cover, was released by the post office for parents and partners to send to loved ones at the front.
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« Reply #3 on: July 18, 2008, 11:11:04 pm »



Opening of a popular 1933 edition of Mein Kampf
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« Reply #4 on: July 18, 2008, 11:12:11 pm »

Contents


Written in 1924 while Hitler was in Landsburg Prison for attempting to overthrow the elected government by force, Mein Kampf is a loosely structured patchwork of autobiographical narratives, historical and political analyses, and disquisitions on a wide range of topics, such as international finance, democracy, trade unions, the role of propaganda, etc. Hitler's views on any topic are usually found scattered in various sections of the book, sometimes as part of an extended treatment, sometimes in incidental remarks. Overall, it provides an outline of Nazi (National Socialist) ideology. The book was dictated to Rudolf Hess, and the oral style is very apparent, with its emphasis on rhetoric, generalizations, repetition, emotionalism and scarcity of details and factual support.

The arrangement of chapters is as follows:

INTRODUCTION

VOLUME I: A RETROSPECT

Chapter I In the Home of My Parents

Chapter II Years of Study and Suffering in Vienna

Chapter III Political Reflections Arising Out of My Sojourn in Vienna

Chapter IV Munich

Chapter V The World War

Chapter VI War Propaganda

Chapter VII The Revolution

Chapter VIII The Beginning of My Political Activities

Chapter IX The German Labour Party

Chapter X Why The Second Reich Collapsed

Chapter XI Race and People

Chapter XII The First Stage in The Development of the German National Socialist Labour Party

VOLUME II: THE NATIONAL SOCIALIST MOVEMENT

Chapter I Weltanschauung and Party

Chapter II The State

Chapter III Citizens and Subjects of The State

Chapter IV Personality and the Ideal of the People's State

Chapter V Weltanschauung and Organization

Chapter VI The First Period of Our Struggle

Chapter VII The Conflict with the Red Forces

Chapter VIII The Strong Is Strongest When Alone

Chapter IX Fundamental Ideas Regarding The Nature and Organization of the Storm Troops

Chapter X The Mask of Federalism

Chapter XI Propaganda and Organization

Chapter XII The Problem of the Trade Unions

Chapter XIII The German Post-War Policy of Alliances

Chapter XIV Germany's Policy in Eastern Europe

Chapter XV The Right To Self-Defence

EPILOGUE

The book is heavily influenced by Gustave Le Bon's 1895 , which theorized propaganda as an adequate rational technique to control the seemingly irrational behaviour of crowds. Particularly prominent is the violent anti-Semitism of Hitler and his associates, drawing, among other sources, on the fabricated Protocols of the Elders of Zion. For example, Hitler claimed that the international language Esperanto was part of a Jewish plot and makes arguments toward the old German nationalist ideas of "Drang nach Osten" and the necessity to gain Lebensraum ("living space") eastwards (especially in Russia).

In Mein Kampf, Hitler uses the main thesis of "The Jewish peril", which speaks of an alleged Jewish conspiracy to gain world leadership. The narrative describes the process by which he became increasingly anti-Semitic and militaristic, especially during his years in Vienna, Austria. Yet the deeper origins of his anti-semitism remain a mystery. He speaks of not having met a Jew until he arrived in Vienna, and that at first his attitude was liberal and tolerant. When he first encountered the anti-semitic press, he says, he dismissed it as unworthy of serious consideration. A little later and quite suddenly, it seems, he accepted the same anti-semitic views whole-heartedly, and they became crucial in his programme of national reconstruction.

Mein Kampf has also been studied as a work on political theory. For example, in Mein Kampf, Hitler announces his hatred toward what he believed to be the twin evils of the world: Communism and Judaism. The new territory that Germany needed to obtain would properly nurture the "historic destiny" of the German people; this goal explains why Hitler invaded Europe, both East and West, before he launched his attack against Russia. Laying Germany's chief ills on the parliamentary government, he announces that he wants to completely destroy that type of government.

Mein Kampf has been examined as a book on foreign policy. For example, Hitler predicts the stages of Germany's political reality on the world stage: in the first stage, Germany would, through a massive program of re-armament, overthrow the shackles of the Treaty of Versailles and form alliances with the British Empire and Fascist Italy. The second stage would feature wars against France and her allies in Eastern Europe by the combined forces of Germany, Britain and Italy. The third and final stage would be a war to destroy what Hitler saw as the "Judeo-Bolshevik" regime in the Soviet Union that would give Germany the necessary Lebensraum. German historian Andreas Hillgruber labelled the plans contained in Mein Kampf as Hitler's "Stufenplan" (Stage-by-stage plan). The term "Stufenplan" has been widely used by historians, though it must be noted that the term was Hillgruber's, not Hitler's.
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« Reply #5 on: July 18, 2008, 11:13:59 pm »



A page in "Mein Kampf" where Hitler discusses the Jewish religious community

Hitler presented himself as the "Übermensch", frequently rendered as the somewhat ambiguous "Superman" or "Superhuman". Friedrich Nietzsche had developed this term in his book, Thus Spoke Zarathustra. Hitler's self-identification as such may have stemmed from his association with Nietzsche's sister, Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche, who was an early member of the Nazi party and a committed anti-semite; she herself became the owner and editor of Nietzsche's works after his mental collapse.

Mein Kampf makes clear Hitler's racist worldview, dividing up humans based on ancestry. Hitler states that German "Aryans" are at the top of the hierarchy and that Jews and Gypsies are consigned to the bottom of the order. Hitler goes on to say that dominated peoples benefit by learning from the superior Aryans. Hitler further claimed that the Jews were conspiring to keep this "master race" from rightfully ruling the world by diluting its racial and cultural purity and by convincing the Aryans to believe in equality rather than superiority and inferiority. He described the struggle for world domination as an ongoing racial, cultural and political battle between Aryans and non-Aryans.

In 1928, Hitler went on to write a second book in which he expanded upon these ideas and suggested that around 1980, a final struggle would take place for world domination between the United States, the combined forces of "Greater Germany" and the British Empire (read more about this sequel below).
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« Reply #6 on: July 18, 2008, 11:15:39 pm »

English Translation
Dugdale abridgment


The first English translation was an abridgment by Edgar Dugdale who started work on it in 1931, at the prompting of his wife Blanche. When he learned that the London publishing firm of Hurst & Blackett had secured the rights to publish an abridgment in the United Kingdom, he offered it gratis in April 1933. However, a local Nazi representative insisted that the translation be further abridged before publication, so it was held back from the public until October 13, 1933, although excerpts were allowed to run in The Times in late July.

In America, Houghton Mifflin secured the rights to the Dugdale abridgment on July 29, 1933. The only differences between the American and British versions are that the title was translated My Struggle in the UK and My Battle in America; and that Dugdale is credited as translator in the US edition, while the British version withheld his name. Both Dugdales were active in the Zionist movement; Blanche was the niece of Lord Balfour, and they wished to avoid publicity.
Murphy translation
One of the first complete English translations of Mein Kampf was by James Murphy in 1939. The opening lines, It has turned out fortunate for me to-day that destiny appointed Braunau-on-the-Inn to be my birthplace , gives a straight-forward no-nonsense approach of Hitler.

The 2 Volumes of Mein Kampf are titled as follows:
Volume I : A Retrospect (contains 12 chapters)
Volume II: The Nationalist Socialist Movement (contains 15 chapters)

Some famous quotes from the translation include:
Sooner will a camel pass through a needle's eye than a great man be 'discovered' by an election.
''The broad masses of a population are more amenable to the appeal of rhetoric than to any other force.
''
Never forget that the most sacred right on this earth is man's right to have the earth to till with his own hands, the most sacred sacrifice the blood that a man sheds for this earth.
Those who want to live, let them fight, and those who do not want to fight in this world of eternal struggle do not deserve to live.
Any alliance whose purpose is not the intention to wage war is senseless and useless.
The Jew's life as a parasite in the body of other nations and states explains a characteristic which once caused Schopenhauer, as has already been mentioned, to call him the 'great master in lying.
The last paragraph of the translation: The adherents of our Movements must always remember this, whenever they may have misgivings lest the greatness of the sacrifices demanded of them may not be justified by the possibilities of success.

Hurst & Blackett ceased publishing the Murphy translation in 1942 when the original plates were destroyed by German bombing.

For the full translation, click here
Reynal and Hitchcock translation
Houghlin and Mifflin licensed Reynal & Hitchcock the rights to publish a full unexpurgated translation in 1938. It was translated by a committee of men from the New School for Social Research and appeared on February 28, 1939.
Stackpole translation and controversy
The small Pennsylvania firm of Stackpole and Sons released its own unexpurgated translation by William Soskin on the same day as Houghton Mifflin, amid much legal wrangling. The Second Circuit Court of Appeals ruled in Houghton Mifflin's favor that June and ordered Stackpole to stop selling their version, but litigation followed for a few more years until the case was finally resolved in September 1941.

Among other things, Stackpole argued that Hitler could not have legally transferred his right to a copyright in the United States to Eher Verlag in 1925, because he was not a citizen of any country. Houghton Mifflin v. Stackpole was a minor landmark in American copyright law, definitively establishing that stateless persons have the same copyright status in the United States that any other foreigner would.

In the three months that Stackpole's version was available it sold 12,000 copies.
Manheim translation
Houghton Mifflin brought out a translation by Ralph Manheim in 1943. They did this to avoid having to share their profits with Reynal & Hitchcock, and to increase sales by offering a more readable translation. The Manheim translation was first published in England by Hurst & Blackett in 1969 amid some controversy.
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« Reply #7 on: July 18, 2008, 11:17:27 pm »

Selections
In addition to the above translations and abridgments the following collections of excerpts were available in English before the start of the war.

Year Title Translator Publisher # of pages 
1936 Central Germany, 7 May 1936 - Confidential- A Translation of Some of the More Important Passages of Hitlers Mein Kampf (1925 edition)   British Embassy in Berlin 11
1936 Germany's Foreign Poclicy as Stated in Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler FOE pamphlet n.38 Dutchess of Atholl Friends of Europe 
1939 Mein Kampf: An Unexpurgated Digest B. D. Shaw Political Digest Press of New York City 31
1939 Mein Kampf: A New Unexpurgated Translation Condensed with Critical Comments and Explanatory Notes Notes by Sen. Alan Cranston Noram Publishing Co. of Greenwich, Conn. 32

Sales and Royalties
Sales of Dugdale abridgment in the United Kingdom.

Year On Hand Editions Printed Sold Gross Royalties Commission Tax Net Royalties 
1933  1-8 19,400 18,125   
1934 1,275 9-10 3,500 4,695 £7.1.2 £15.4.4  £58.5.6/ RM 715
1935 79 11-12 3,500 2,989 £74.18.6 £14.19.6 £7.3 £52.15.1/RM653
1936 590 13-16 7,000 3,633 £243.14.1 £48.14.10 £36.17.5 £158.1.1/ RM1,941
1937 2,055 17-18 7,000 8,648 £173.4 £35.6 £23.3 £114.4 /RM1424
1938* 16,442 19-22 25,500 53,738 £1037.23 £208 £193.91 £635.68 /RM 7410

8000 copies in 1938 were sold in the colonies.
Sales of the Houghton Mifflin Dugdale translation in America.

The first printing of the US Dugdale edition, the Oct. 1933 with 7603 copies, of which 290 were given away as complimentary gifts.

6 mon. ending Edition Sold 
Mar. 1934 1st 5,178
Sept. 1934 1st 457
Mar. 1935 1st 242
Sept. 1935 1st 362
Mar. 1936 1st 359
Sept. 1936 1st 575
Jan. 1937 1st 140


The royalty on the first printing in the US was 15% or $3,206.45 total. Curtis Brown, literary agent, took 20%, or $641.20 total, and the IRS took $384.75, leaving Eher Verlag $2,180.37 or RM 5668.

The January 1937 second printing was c. 4000 copies.

6 mon. ending Edition Sold 
March 1937 2nd 1170
Sept. 1937 2nd 1451
March 1938 2nd 876


There were three separate printings from August 1938 to March 1939, totaling 14,000; sales totals by March 31, 1939 were 10,345.

The Murphy and Houghton Mifflin translations were the only ones published by the authorized publishers while Hitler was still alive, and not at war with Britain and America.

There was some resistance from Eher Verlag to Hurst and Blackton's Murphy translation, as they hadn't been granted the rights to a full translation. However, they allowed it de facto permission by not lodging a formal protest, and on May 5, 1939, even inquired about royalties. The British publishers responded on the 12th that the information they requested was "not yet available" and the point would be moot within a few months, on September 3, 1939, when all royalties were halted due to the state of war existing between Britain and Germany.

Royalties were likewise held up in the United States due to the litigation between Houghton Mifflin and Stackpole. Because the matter was only settled in September 1941, only a few months before a state of war existed between Germany and the US, all Eher Verlag ever got was a $2500 advance from Reynal and Hitchcock. It got none from the unauthorized Stackpole edition or the 1943 Manheim edition.
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« Reply #8 on: July 18, 2008, 11:19:01 pm »



Advertising for "Mein Kampf" (mid 1930s)
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« Reply #9 on: July 18, 2008, 11:20:33 pm »

Popularity

Even before Hitler came to power, Mein Kampf was already selling quite well. From the royalties, he was able to afford a Mercedes while still being imprisoned. Moreover, he accumulated a tax debt of 405,500 Reichsmark (8 million USD today) from the sale of about 240,000 copies by the time he became chancellor in 1933 (at which time his debt was waived).[2][3]

After Hitler's rise to power, the book gained enormous popularity and became the virtual Bible of every Nazi. Despite rumors to the contrary, new evidence suggests that it was actually in high demand in libraries (topping the lending lists), and often reviewed and quoted in other publications. By the end of the war, about 10 million copies of the book had been sold or distributed in Germany (every newly-wed couple, as well as every front soldier, received a free copy), and Hitler had made about 7.6 m Reichsmark from the income of his book (when the average income of a teacher was about 4,800 Mark).<ref name="taxes" /><ref name="spiegel" />

Some historians have speculated that a wider reading prior to Hitler's rise to power (or at least prior to the outbreak of World War II) might have alerted the world to the dangers Hitler would pose to peace in Europe and to the Holocaust that he would pursue. An abridged English translation was produced before World War II. However, the publisher removed some of the more anti-Semitic and militaristic statements. The publication of this version caused Alan Cranston, who was an American reporter for UPI in Germany (and later senator from California), to publish his own abridged and annotated translation. Cranston believed this version to more accurately reflect the contents of the book. In 1939, Cranston was sued by Hitler's publisher for copyright infringement, and a Connecticut judge ruled in Hitler's favor. However, by the time the publication of Cranston's version was stopped, 500,000 copies had already been sold.[4]
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« Reply #10 on: July 18, 2008, 11:21:43 pm »

Current availability

Today, the state of Bavaria owns the copyright of all editions of Mein Kampf except the English, the Dutch, and the Swedish. The Dutch government claims[5] to have seized copyright after World War II. The copyright is scheduled to end on December 31, 2015. Historian Werner Maser, in an interview with Bild am Sonntag has stated that Peter Raubal, son of Hitler's nephew, Leo Raubal, would have a strong legal case for winning the copyright from Bavaria if he pursued it. Leo Raubal, an Austrian engineer, has stated he wants no part of the rights to the book, which could be worth millions of euros.[6] The government of Bavaria, in agreement with the federal government of Germany, does not allow any copying or printing of the book in Germany and opposes it also in other countries but with less success. Owning and buying the book is legal. Trading in old copies is legal as well unless it is done in such a fashion as to "promote hatred or war", which is, under anti-revisionist laws, generally illegal. In particular, the unmodified edition is not covered by §86 StGB that forbids dissemination of means of propaganda of unconstitutional organizations, since it is a "pre-constitutional work" and as such cannot be opposed to the free and democratic basic order, according to a 1979 decision of the Federal Court of Justice of Germany.[7] Most German libraries carry heavily commented and excerpted versions of Mein Kampf.

Elsewhere in the world, the situation is as follows:
In Austria, the possession and/or trading of Mein Kampf is illegal.
In France, the selling of the book is forbidden unless the transaction concerns a historical version including commentaries from specialists and states the law allowing its special historical edition. In 2002, a French court ruled that the company Yahoo! had to pay €100,000 per diem for selling revisionist materials, including Mein Kampf and the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, to French customers.[8]
In the Netherlands, selling the book, even in the case of an old copy, may be illegal as "promoting hatred", but possession and lending is not. Though mainly the matter is handled as a matter of copyright infringement as the dutch state (as acclaimed owner of the translation) will not allow any publishing. In 1997, the government explained to the parliament that selling a scientifically annotated version might escape prosecution. In 2007 the discussion flared up again and the same pro's and con's as 1997 were uttered. In 2015 the copyright on the dutch translation becomes void.
When Mein Kampf was republished in Sweden in 1992, the government of Bavaria tried to put a ban on the book. The case went all the way to the Swedish Supreme Court. The court ruled in 1998 that the copyright could not be owned by the modern state of Bavaria. Since the publishing house that published Mein Kampf in the thirties had long gone out of business, Mein Kampf should be considered as being in a state of limbo (or even in the public domain). The case was won by the modern publisher, an outspoken anti-Nazi.
In Lebanon, an Arabic edition of Mein Kampf was published in 1995 by Bisan/Beisan.[9]
In Britain, Mein Kampf is readily available and sells 3,000 copies annually [10].
In September 1999, Mein Kampf reportedly reached No. 6 on the Palestinian bestseller list after the Palestinian Authority allowed its sale.[9] Translated into Arabic, the book has been widely distributed in the Arab-Muslim world from the 1930s to the present.
In Turkey the book is freely available and a Turkish edition was reported to be a bestseller in Turkey in March 2005, selling over 100,000 copies in two months.[11]
In the USSR, the book was unavailable and de facto prohibited. In the Russian Federation, Mein Kampf has been published at least 3 times since 1992; the Russian text is also available on a number of web-sites. Recently the Public Chamber of Russia proposed to ban the book.
In the Czech Republic, Mein Kampf was first sold in the Czech lands in 1936, and again in 1993, both times in abridged, annotated versions. In March 2000, the full Czech edition was published by Otakar II. [10]
In Spain, Argentina and Denmark, the book is unavailable, but copies before the unavailability of the book still exist. (Note: recent changes may have changed this status.)
In India the book is freely available. - (ISBN 81-87981-29-6)
In Canada, Australia and Finland, the book is available. - (ISBN 0-395-07801-6, ISBN 0-395-92503-7, ISBN 1-59364-006-4)
In 1999, the Simon Wiesenthal Center documented that major Internet booksellers like amazon.com and barnesandnoble.com sell Mein Kampf to Germany. After a public outcry, both companies agreed to stop those sales. The book is currently available through both companies. Public-domain copies of Mein Kampf are available at various Internet sites with links to banned books. Additionally, several Web sites provide the text of the book.
Mein Kampf is freely available in Italy and Greece.
In Mexico, Mein Kampf cannot be found in the largest book stores or libraries because they say its selling is prohibited, but can be encountered in some small book stores and among "pirate" book vendors in Mexico City and other cities.
In the United States, the book can be found at almost any community library and can be bought, sold, and traded from many websites like Amazon.com and Borders Book Store. The U.S. government seized the copyright during the Second World War as part of the Trading with the Enemy Act and in 1979, Houghton Mifflin, the U.S. publisher of the book, bought the rights from the government. More than 15,000 copies are sold a year.[10]
In Croatia Mein Kampf was published in 1999, second edition in 2003, and the German language edition in 2002.
The book is freely available in Ireland.
The book is freely available in New Zealand and can be found in most major libraries.
The book is freely available in Macedonia since 2005. - (ISBN 9989-920-54-0)
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« Reply #11 on: July 18, 2008, 11:22:40 pm »

The sequel

Zweites Buch


After the party's poor showing in the 1928 elections, Hitler believed the reason for loss was that the public did not fully understand his ideas. He retired to Munich to dictate a sequel to Mein Kampf which focused on foreign policy, expanded on the ideas of Mein Kampf and suggested that around 1980, a final struggle would take place for world domination between the United States and the combined forces of Greater Germany and the British Empire.

Only two copies of the 200 page manuscript were originally made, and only one of these has ever been made public. Kept strictly secret under Hitler's orders, the document was placed in a safe in an air raid shelter in 1935 where it remained until its discovery by an American officer in 1945. The authenticity of the book has been verified by Josef Berg (former employee of the Nazi publishing house Eher Verlag) and Telford Taylor (former Brigadier General U.S.A.R. and Chief Counsel at the Nuremberg war-crimes trials). The book was never edited nor published during the Nazi Germany era and remains known as Zweites Buch (Second Book). The Zweites Buch was first discovered in the Nazi archives being held in the United States by the Jewish American historian Gerhard Weinberg in 1958. Unable to find an American publisher, Weinberg turned to his mentor Hans Rothfels and his associate Martin Broszat at the Institute of Contemporary History in Munich, who published Zweites Buch in 1961. A pirated edition was published in English in New York, 1962. The first authoritative English edition was not published until 2003 (, ISBN 1-929631-16-2).
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« Reply #12 on: July 18, 2008, 11:24:43 pm »

Globalists vs Continentists

One of the more important debates of the book concerns the battle between the Continentists, including Hugh Trevor-Roper and Eberhard Jäckel, who argue Hitler wished to conquer only Europe, and the Globalists, including Gerhard Weinberg, Milan Hauner, Gunter Moltmann, Meier Michaelis and Andreas Hillgruber, who maintain that Hitler wanted to conquer the entire world. The chief source of contention between the Continentists and Globalists is the "Zweites Buch".

The Globalists argue that Hitler's statement that after Germany defeated the United States, then Germany would rule the entire world clearly proves his intentions were global in reach. The Continentists argue that because Hitler predicts the war between the United States and Germany as beginning sometime ca. 1980 (Hitler was born in 1889), the task of winning this war in the 1980s would presumably have fallen to one of Hitler's successors. The Continentists believe that Hitler for his own lifetime would have been content with ruling merely Europe.

Intentionalists vs Functionalists

Mein Kampf has assumed a key place in the Functionalism versus intentionalism debate. Intentionalists insist that the passage stating that if only 12,000 – 15,000 Jews were gassed, then "the sacrifice of millions of soldiers would not have been in vain," proves quite clearly that Hitler had a master plan for the genocide of the Jewish people all along. Functionalists deny this assertion, noting that the passage does not call for the destruction of the entire Jewish people and note that although Mein Kampf is suffused with an extreme anti-Semitism, it is the only time in the entire book that Hitler ever explicitly refers to the murder of Jews. Given that Mein Kampf is 694 pages long, Functionalist historians have accused the Intentionalists of making too much out of one sentence.

Functionalist historians have argued that the memorandum written by Heinrich Himmler to Hitler on May 25, 1940, regarding the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question" (whose proposals Hitler accepted) proves that there was no master plan for genocide which stemmed all the way back to the 1920s. In the memorandum, Himmler rejects genocide under the grounds that one must reject "...the Bolshevik method of physical extermination of a people out of inner conviction as un-German and impossible". He goes on to argue that something similar to the "Madagascar Plan" be the preferred "territorial solution" to the "Jewish Question".

Additionally, Functionalist historians have noted that in Mein Kampf Hitler states the only anti-Semitic policies he will carry out are the 25 Point Platform of the Nazi Party (adopted in February 1920), which demands that only "Aryan" Germans be allowed to publish newspapers and own department stores, places a ban on Jewish immigration, expels all Ostjuden (Eastern Jews; i.e., Jews from Eastern Europe who had arrived in Germany since 1914) and strips all German Jews of their German citizenship. Although these demands do reflect a hateful anti-Semitism, they do not amount to a program for genocide, according to the Functionalist historians. Beyond that, some historians have claimed although Hitler was clearly obsessed with anti-Semitism, his degree of anti-Semitic hatred contained in Mein Kampf is no better or worse than that contained in the writings and speeches of earlier volkisch leaders such as Wilhelm Marr, Georg Ritter von Schönerer, Houston Stewart Chamberlain and Karl Lueger, all of whom routinely called Jews a "disease" and "vermin". Nevertheless, Hitler cites all of them as an inspiration in Mein Kampf. References1. ^ Mein Kampf ("My Struggle"), Adolph Hitler (originally 1925-1926), Reissue edition (September 15, 1998), Publisher: Mariner Books, Language: English, paperback, 720 pages, ISBN 0-395-92503-7
2. ^ Hitler dodged taxes, expert finds BBC News
3. ^ Mythos Ladenhüter Spiegel Online
4. ^ Mein Royalties Cabinet Magazine Online
5. ^ "Heruitgave van 'Mein Kampf' is geen zaak voor de Nederlandse overheid", Newspaper article (in Dutch) in which the author argues that the opinion of the Dutch government to be the copyright holder of the Dutch translation of Mein Kampf (Mijn kamp), is based on false assumptions; NRC Handelsblad, November 12, 1997.
6. ^ "Hitler Relative Eschews Royalties," Reuters, May 25, 2004.
7. ^ Judgement of 25 July 1979 – 3 StR 182/79 (S); BGHSt 29, 73 ff.
8. ^ Legalis.net
9. ^
"Special Dispatch - No. 48" (Arabic version of book), October 1999, MEMRI.org webpage: MEMRI-MKampf.
10. ^ "Unbanning Hitler", Julia Pascal; New Statesman, June 25, 2001.
11. ^
"Mein Kampf sales soar in Turkey," The Guardian, March 29, 2005.

See alsoGustave Le Bon, a main influence of this book and crowd psychology
Generalplan Ost, Hitler's "new order of ethnographical relations"
Lingua Tertii Imperii
Further readingHitler
Hitler, A. (1925). Mein Kampf.
Hitler, A. (1935). Zweites Buch (trans.) Hitler's Second Book: The Unpublished Sequel to Mein Kampf by Adolf Hilter.
Hitler, A. (1945). My Political Testament. .
Hitler, A. (1945). My Private Will and Testament. .
Hitler, A., et al. (1971). Unmasked: two confidential interviews with Hitler in 1931. Chatto & Windus. ISBN 0-7011-1642-0.
Hitler, A., et al. (1974). Hitler's Letters and Notes. Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-012832-1.
Hitler, A., et al. (2000). Hitler's Table Talk. Enigma Books. ISBN 1-929631-05-7.
Others
Zusak, Markus (2006). The Book Thief Knopf. ISBN 0-375-83100-2.
Hauner, Milan "Did Hitler Want World Domination?" pages 15-32 from Journal of Contemporary History, Volume 13, 1978.
Hillgruber, Andreas, Germany And The Two World Wars, translated by William C. Kirby, Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press, 1981 ISBN 0674353218.
Jäckel, Eberhard Hitler's Weltanschauung : A Blueprint For Power , translated from the German by Herbert Arnold , Middletown Conn. : Wesleyan University Press, 1972 ISBN 0819540420.
Michaelis, Meier "World Power Status or World Dominion" pages 331-360 from Historical Journal, Volume 15, 1972.
Rich, Norman Hitler's War Aims, New York : Norton, 1973 ISBN 0393054543.
Trevor-Roper, Hugh "Hitlers Kriegsziele" pages 121-133 from Vierteljahreshefte für Zeitgeschichte, Volume 8, 1960
Barns, James J and Patience P. Hitler Mein Kampf in Britain and America Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980. All information about English language publication history taken from this book.
Online versions of Mein KampfEnglish
Complete Dugdale abridgment at archive.org
Murphy translation, with original notes at Gutenberg.
1939 Reynal and Hitchcock translation at archive.org.
Other Languages
Bulgarian: Translation at archive.org .
Dutch: Mein Kampf-Nederlandstalige Bewerking at archive.org .
French: Mon Combat.
Italian: La Mia Battaglia (Second Volume only) at archive.org.
Polish: Moja Walka at archive.org .
Portuguese: Minha Luta at archive.org .
Russian: lib.ru.
Slovak: Slovak translation.
Spanish: Mi Lucha Abridged Spanish translation.
External linksIntroduction to the Arabic translation of Mein Kampf, in English, with notes on its availiblity in East Jerusalem and PA Territories
Reviews of Mein Kampf articles - Hitler's Third Reich in the News
Forgetting the Past to Prevent Repeating It Global Journalist Magazine

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« Reply #13 on: July 18, 2008, 11:27:38 pm »

Zweites Buch   

A sequel to Mein Kampf


After the Nazi Party's poor showing in the 1928 elections, Hitler believed the reason for the loss was that the public did not fully understand his ideas. He retired to Munich to dictate a sequel to Mein Kampf which focused on foreign policy, expanding on the ideas of Mein Kampf and suggested that around 1980, a final struggle would take place for world domination between the United States and the combined forces of Greater Germany and the British Empire.

The origins of Zweites Buch can be traced back to one of the main issues during the 1928 Reichstag elections. In the region of South Tyrol, which had become Italian after World War I but possessed a German-speaking majority, the Fascist government of Benito Mussolini had followed a policy of forcible Italianization of the German majority. During the 1928 Reichstag elections, the leader of the German People’s Party, the Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann felt that taking a strong diplomatic stand against the Italianization policies of Fascist Italy might improve his party’s chances at the polls. Substantially, every German political party with one exception followed Stresemann’s lead and vied with each other by offering the strongest possible condemnation of Mussolini’s treatment of Italy’s German minority. The exception was the Nazi Party. Hitler publicly stated that Germany needed Italy as an ally, and thus the German government should remain silent about the Tyrol issue. Hitler was roundly condemned by every other German political party for his views about the Tyrol. Even many of the other Nazi leaders were uncomfortable with Hitler's stance. Hitler wrote Zweites Buch initially to explain why he felt that Germany should not champion Tyrol’s German population. In Hitler's view, Mussolini was one of the world's great statesmen, and if the price of his friendship was abandoning the ethnic Germans of the Tyrol, then this was a price well-worth paying.

Moreover, Hitler attacked Stresemann for his goal of restoring Germany to its pre-1914 position. In Hitler's view, merely overthrowing the Treaty of Versailles and restoring Germany to its pre-1914 borders was unacceptable as in Hitler's opinion the Versailles Treaty was only a lesser problem. In Zweites Buch, Hitler stated his belief that Germany's real problem was the lack of sufficient Lebensraum ("Living space") for the German people. In Hitler's view, only states with large amounts of Lebensraum were successful. In Zweites Buch, Hitler announced that overthrowing the "shackles" of Versailles would be only the first step in a Nazi foreign policy, whose ultimate objective was to obtain the desired Lebensraum in the territory of Russia.

There are a number of similarities and differences between Zweites Buch and Mein Kampf. As in Mein Kampf, Hitler declared that the Jews were his eternal and most dangerous opponents. As in Mein Kampf, Hitler outlined what the German historian Andreas Hillgruber has called his Stufenplan (Stage by stage plan). Hitler himself never used the term Stufenplan, which was coined by Hillgruber in his 1965 book Hitlers Strategie. Briefly, the Stufenplan called for three stages. In the first stage, there would be a massive military build-up, the overthrow of the “shackles” of the Treaty of Versailles, and the forming of alliances with Fascist Italy and the British Empire. The second stage would be a series of fast, lightning wars in conjunction with Italy and Britain against France and whichever of her allies in Eastern Europe such as Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, and Yugoslavia chose to stand by her. The third stage would be a war to obliterate what Hitler considered to be the “Judeo-Bolshevik” regime in the Soviet Union.

One way in which Zweites Buch differs from Mein Kampf is that in Zweites Buch, Hitler added a fourth stage to the Stufenplan. In Zweites Buch, Hitler announced that around 1980 the final struggle for world domination would take place between the United States and the now Greater Germany allied with the British Empire. The most spectacular difference between Mein Kampf and Zweites Buch is in Hitler’s views regarding the United States. In Mein Kampf, Hitler declared that Germany’s most dangerous opponent on the international scene was the Soviet Union. In Zweites Buch, Hitler declared that for immediate purposes, the Soviet Union was still the most dangerous opponent, but that in the long-term, the most dangerous potential opponent was the United States. Beyond that, Hitler’s views on the United States changed dramatically between 1924 and 1928.

In Mein Kampf, Hitler rarely mentioned the United States and when he did, it was in a tone of deep contempt. In Mein Kampf, Hitler portrayed the United States as a “racially degenerate” society on its way to self-oblivion. By contrast, in Zweites Buch, Hitler portrayed the U.S. as a dynamic, “racially successful” society that practiced eugenics and segregation and followed what Hitler considered to be a wise policy of excluding “racially degenerate” immigration from eastern and southern Europe. What promoted the change in Hitler's views between 1924 and 1928 is not known. By 1928, Hitler seems to have heard about the massive industrial wealth of the U.S., the Immigration Act of 1924, segregation and the fact that several American states had eugenics boards to sterilize people who were considered mentally defective, and was favorably impressed. Hitler proclaimed his admiration for these sorts of policies and expressed his wish that Germany would do similar things, though on a much greater scale.

Of all Germany’s potential enemies, Hitler ranked the United States as the most dangerous. By contrast, Hitler saw the United Kingdom as a fellow “Aryan” power that in exchange for Germany's renunciation of naval and colonial ambitions would ally itself with Germany. France in Hitler’s opinion, was rapidly “Negroizing” itself. In regards to the Soviet Union, Hitler dismissed the Russian people as being Slavic Untermensch (sub-humans) incapable of any sort of intelligent thought. Hitler consequently believed that the Russian people were ruled over by what he regarded as a gang of bloodthirsty but inept Jewish revolutionaries. By contrast, the majority of Americans were in Hitler’s view “Aryans”, albeit Aryans ruled by what Hitler saw as a Jewish plutocracy. In Hitler’s point of view, the combination of “Aryan” might coupled with “Jewish rule” was what made the U.S. so dangerous.

Only two copies of the original 200 page manuscript were made, and only one of these copies has ever been made public. Zweites Buch was not published in 1928 as Mein Kampf was not selling well, and Hitler's publisher informed him that having two books out would depress sales even further. By the time Mein Kampf started to sell well after the September 1930 Reichstag elections, Hitler decided that Zweites Buch revealed too much of his foreign policy goals. Kept strictly secret under Hitler's orders, the document was placed in a safe inside an air raid shelter in 1935 where it remained until its discovery by an American officer in 1945. The authenticity of the book was verified by Josef Berg, a former employee of the Nazi publishing house Eher Verlag and Telford Taylor, the former Brigadier General U.S.A.R. and Chief Counsel at the Nuremberg war-crimes trials. The book was neither edited nor published during the Nazi Germany era and remains known as Zweites Buch translated as "Second Book". The Zweites Buch was first discovered in the Nazi archives being held in the United States by the German-born Jewish American historian Gerhard Weinberg in 1958. Unable to find an American publisher, Weinberg turned to his Jewish mentor Hans Rothfels and his associate Martin Broszat at the Institute of Contemporary History in Munich, who published Zweites Buch in 1961 in German. Rothfels was immensely pleased by his protégé’s discovery and wrote the foreword to the 1961 edition. A pirated edition was translated into English and published in New York in 1962. The first authoritative English edition was not published until 2003 as Hitler's Second Book: The Unpublished Sequel to Mein Kampf. It has also been published under the title "Hitler's Secret Book".

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