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the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Original)

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Carolyn Silver
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« Reply #105 on: July 30, 2008, 10:48:49 pm »



The Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) is a mid-ocean ridge, a divergent tectonic plate boundary located along the floor of the Atlantic Ocean. It separates the Eurasian Plate and North American Plate in the North Atlantic, and the African Plate from the South American Plate in the South Atlantic. The MAR extends from a junction with the Gakkel Ridge (Mid-Arctic Ridge) northeast of Greenland southward to the Bouvet Triple Junction in the South Atlantic. Although the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is mostly an underwater feature, portions of it have enough elevation to extend above sea level. The section of the ridge which includes the island of Iceland is also known as the Reykjanes Ridge.

Discovery

A ridge under the Atlantic Ocean was first inferred by Matthew Fontaine Maury in 1850. The ridge was discovered during the expedition of the HMS Challenger in 1872. A team of scientists on board, led by Charles Wyville Thomson, discovered a large rise in the middle of the Atlantic while investigating the future location for a transatlantic telegraph cable.[1] The existence of such a ridge was confirmed by sonar in 1925.[2] In the 1950s, mapping of the Earth’s ocean floors by Bruce Heezen, Maurice Ewing, Marie Tharp and others, revealed the Mid-Atlantic Ridge to have a strange bathymetry of valleys and ridges,[3] with its central valley being seismologically active and the epicentre of many earthquakes.[4][5] Ewing and Heezen discovered the ridge to be part of a 40,000-km-long essentially continuous system of mid-ocean ridges on the floors of all the Earth’s oceans. [6] The discovery of this world-wide ridge system led to the theory of seafloor spreading and general acceptance of Wegener's theory of continental drift.



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« Reply #106 on: July 30, 2008, 10:49:57 pm »

Notable features along the ridge

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge includes a deep rift valley which runs along the axis of the ridge along nearly its entire length. This rift marks the actual boundary between adjacent tectonic plates, where magma from the mantle reaches the seafloor, erupting as lava and producing new crustal material for the plates.

Near the equator, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is dissected into the North Atlantic Ridge and the South Atlantic Ridge by the Romanche Trench, a narrow submarine trench with a maximum depth of 7,758 m (25,453 ft), one of the deepest locations of the Atlantic Ocean. This trench, however, is not regarded as the boundary between the North and South American Plates, nor the Eurasian and African Plates.

The ridge actually sits atop a geologic feature known as the Mid-Atlantic Rise which is a progressive bulge that also runs the length of the Atlantic Ocean with the ridge resting on the highest point of this linear bulge. This bulge is thought to be caused by upward convective forces in the asthenosphere pushing the oceanic crust and lithosphere.

This divergent boundary first formed in the Triassic period when a series of three-armed grabens coalesced on the supercontinent Pangaea to form the ridge. Usually only two arms of any given three-armed graben become part of a divergent plate boundary. The failed arms are called aulacogens, and the aulacogens of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge eventually became many of the large river valleys seen along the Americas and Africa (including the Mississippi River, Amazon River and Niger River).

The ridge is about 2,500 meters (8,200 ft) below sea level, while its flank is about 5,000 meters deeper.

Evidence of the ancestral Mid-Atlantic Ridge can be found at the Bay of Fundy on the Atlantic coast of North America between New Brunswick and Nova Scotia in Canada.

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« Reply #107 on: July 30, 2008, 10:50:29 pm »



The ridge was central in the breakup of Pangaea that began some 180 million years ago.
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« Reply #108 on: July 30, 2008, 10:51:27 pm »



A fissure running along the Mid Atlantic Ridge in Iceland
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« Reply #109 on: July 30, 2008, 10:52:25 pm »

Herr_Saltzman

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  posted 02-16-2006 10:13 PM                   
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EVIDENCE FOR PLATE TECTONICS:

-Glacial Deposits match
-Seafloor spreads
-Polar flipping
-Ocean floor
-Shape of continents matches
-Position does not match
-Sonar scans
-Earthquakes and volcanoes
-Biological match
-Dating of sediment matches

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Cheers, and Good Mental Health,
Herr Saltzman

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« Reply #110 on: July 30, 2008, 10:55:12 pm »

Carolyn Silver

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quote:
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Originally posted by Herr_Saltzman:
EVIDENCE FOR PLATE TECTONICS:

-Glacial Deposits match
-Seafloor spreads
-Polar flipping
-Ocean floor
-Shape of continents matches
-Position does not match
-Sonar scans
-Earthquakes and volcanoes
-Biological match
-Dating of sediment matches
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You could also add blind faith, lack of scientific intuition and EXTREME GULLIBILITY to that list!

What the hell is "polar flipping" anyway??
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« Reply #111 on: July 30, 2008, 10:56:08 pm »

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   posted 02-16-2006 10:32 PM                       
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What is Atlantology?

It’s simple — Atlantology is the study of Atlantis.
In the early 1900’s, many of the respected sciences of today were still in kindergarten, but over time, trial and error, these struggling sciences evolved and established an acceptable framework for studying our universe and its contents.
Atlantology always was — and still is — a science of cooperation, in that scholars in many diverse fields, including anthropology, archaeology, astronomy, biology, cartography, classical literature, diffusionism, Egyptology, geography, geology, history, Hoerbiger’s Theory, linguistics, mathematics, metaphysics, mythology, oceanography, and religion, all contribute to the subject.
Unfortunately, early in its development, Atlantology was kidnapped by occultists and spiritualists, and the world of science, wrestling with their own growing pains, merely looked over their shoulders, shrugged, and kept single-mindedly moving forward. It was survival of the fittest in the big bad world, and the underdeveloped Atlantology was forced to remain in the dust for almost a century. It was well known that the study of Atlantology would endanger one’s reputation as a scientist.
Atlantologists must critically examine even the obviously fantastic ideas which have no scientific basis, in order to establish whether or not they contain; however small, a grain of truth. It must be remembered that in ancient times, much knowledge formed part of the ritual mysteries of the initiated and was handed down by work of mouth as secret teaching. It is possible that some fragments of this esoteric knowledge, even if greatly distorted and modernized in form, has survived to this day.
Yet Atlantology is a science — not a science as an already acquired fact — but a science as an aim towards which scientific researches are being directed. Among Atlantologists, coordination and cooperation among specialists of many diverse disciplines is essential and absolutely imperative.
The Method of Atlantology involves the establishment of an agreed upon set of problems regarding Atlantis; a method of research; and the kinds of sought after proofs or arguments in the solution to the problems. Early Atlantologists agreed that research should be directed towards:
1. Proof of the historical existence of Atlantis, and evaluate the possibilities of direct archaeological knowledge about Atlantis.
2. Proof of the geography and geology of Atlantis; the time and circumstances of its disappearance; and the effects of its disappearance.
3. Proof of the level of civilization attained by Atlantean inhabitants and their influence on the remaining continents.
Top of section. Top of page.
(These points are discussed in detail in the following articles).
Atlantis (AT #7) 1949 April/May Vol. 2 No. 1: A Scientific Approach To The Study Of Atlantis by Father P.N. Zammit
Atlantis (AT #69) 1959 October/November Vol. 12 No. 6: Scientific Atlantology. Its Paths And Problems by Dr. N. Th. Zhirov

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« Reply #112 on: July 30, 2008, 10:56:50 pm »

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The objective of Sykes’ Atlantis Research Center was to investigate the probability of the lost land mass of Atlantis as having been the source from which was drawn the fundamental cultures of the two hemispheres. The Research Center was founded in Cairo during World War II, then moved to Naples, then Rome, then London in 1947, and eventually found its permanent home in Brighton, England. By 1970, the Research Center Group Council overseas members included scholars in Austria, Germany, Denmark, South Africa, Holland, Italy, Sweden, Poland, USA, and USSR.
The Atlantis Research Center had a circulating library, and Sykes encouraged readers to send questions on tape and he would reply back on tape via the Phono Post service ($.50 for a small reel and $1 for a large reel). Sykes appealed to readers for press cuttings because even with the aid of a Press Cutting Agency, it was not possible to cover the wide fields of interest of the societies.
Over the years, the Atlantis Research Center attempted to answer the when, who, why, what, where, and how questions pertaining to Atlantis.
When did Atlantis begin? Sykes estimated that the culture began about BC 18,000 — coinciding with the end of the two previous contemporary cultures of Tiahuanaco and Ethiopia. Both of these cultures perished in disasters of the classical pattern — missiles raining from the heavens; earthquakes on a vast scale; floods and fire; famine and disease. The development of Atlantis was helped by the fact that practically the whole of Europe and North America were covered with ice sheets as much as one mile thick; thus, human activities were concentrated in the equatorial belt, with Atlantis lying in a favorable position in the middle of it.
Where was Atlantis? Atlantis was a land mass situated between the West Indies and the Canaries, and stretched from the Azores to Ascension Island, with a possible extension northwards to Greenland. Atlantis must have been about one-thousand miles at the widest part, and the entire area of the land mass was about one-million-and-a-half square miles. Plato specifically located the land mass in the center of the Atlantic Ocean beyond the Pillars of Hercules.
Who were the Atlanteans? At one time, Sykes believed that civilization commenced with the Atlanteans. Its population appear to have enjoyed a mixed Stone Age and Bronze Age civilization. They knew sufficient astronomy to have an accurate calendar; they were probably the first to conceive of the zodiacs; they mummified their dead; worshipped a water god called Poseidon to whom bulls were sacrificed; and were somehow connected to Sun worship and later Moon worship. The Atlanteans also had knowledge of building and agriculture, and at some time during their evolution, they developed a system of hieroglyphics for dates and astronomical events. The Atlantean form of writing did not seem to be in any way even a remote ancestor of writing as we know it, which was evolved by the Phoenicians as an adaptation of Assyrian cuneiform. Sykes speculated that the dominant race of the Atlanteans were reddish in color, medium height, and had slightly egg shaped heads with sloping foreheads. Certain of the Atlantean customs have survived until today such as the couvade system (the husband goes into purdah on the birth of the child); artificial cranial deformation (creating egg shaped skulls by means of bandages or boards still exists from Africa to British Columbia); and Cyclopean architecture (found from Egypt to Peru and the Baltic Coast to Stonehenge). When Atlantis was submerged, some people migrated to Central America, up the Amazon to the border of Peru, Bolivia, and Columbia. Others took the eastern route and crossed the Sahara Sea to the lower reaches of the Nile. As survivors struggled in new lands, the advance toward higher civilization and technology advanced much slower in some areas than others.
When was Atlantis submerged? Easily answered. If the loss coincides with the capture of our present moon, then the answer is the time when there was no moon. There was no moon in the period between the disintegration of the pre-Luna Abyssinian satellite and the capture of our present satellite. On astronomical grounds, the date of the catastrophe is fixed at November 18, BC 9540 or 9542 (the two year difference is due to the fact that astronomers calculate elapsed time on a slightly different basis to the rest of us). According to Plato, the capture of the present satellite occurred 9,000 years before Solon; thus, 11,500 years ago. Taking into account investigations into the origin of the Mayan calendar, then the date is 11,500 years before present — approximately BC 9500. Soviet oceanographers have reported a date of BC 10,540.
Why and how was Atlantis submerged? Sykes’ July 1967 article in Atlantis Called A Plethora Of Causes offers, “At the moment we have several different points of view, ranging from the comet hypothesis from Professor Kamienski; the asteroid hypothesis of Professor Boneff; the moon capture theory of Hoerbiger and Hinzpeter; and the stellar intruder idea of Winans et al. But these are not of necessity contradictory. The passage of the comet may have been linked with the approach of the moon, the fall of the asteroid with both, and the general disturbance with an intrusive visitor in our Solar System.”
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« Reply #113 on: July 30, 2008, 10:57:49 pm »

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The following is from a journal article--

A University Chair In Atlantology?
In 1966, C.C.M. Hardy endeavored to translate Atlantean research into a methodological form suitable for the setting up of a University Chair either in the USA or Western Europe. Sykes felt that the Soviets would be most likely. Hardy proposed a basic outline which consisted of the systematic examination of ancient records (including myth, legend, and folklore) and modern records (including known Egyptian, Hindu, Hebraic, and other religious material) for clues, and the search for archaeological and geological evidence, which would lead to the preparation of a final record covering both geophysical and related historic events in chronological sequence.
Sykes stated in The Hardy Hypothesis in the March 1966 issue of Atlantis, “We must face up to the fact that Atlantis is unacceptable to most universities simply because it demands a readjustment of academic ideas which is outside their capacity or desire. The next point is that while it is too sensational for the scholastic world, it is not sufficiently so for the popular press except on rare occasions... until that situation can be remedied there is no prospect of the Hardy idea finding root.”
Sykes listed four main reasons why Atlantis was not accepted as historical fact:
1) Greek stories of Gods, heroes, and men are considered religious fiction instead of distorted versions of real history.
2) No one wants to rewrite large chunks of prehistory so there is unwillingness among scholars to recast ideas on the historical background of cultures in the Mediterranean, the Atlantic, and its adjacent continents of Africa, the Americas, and Europe.
3) Academic circles do not want to deal with those in the occult fields.
4) Western Science is overspecialized so important connections between sciences are not made.
Have times changed?
Is the world open to giving Atlantology a second chance?
You be your own judge.
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« Reply #114 on: July 30, 2008, 10:59:07 pm »

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HIGHLIGHTS IN EARLY ATLANTOLOGY
Back in Sykes’ day and still today, the biggest struggle for Atlantology is the fact that the science is faced with the challenge of having to prove the existence of its own subject. Over the past century, many gifted academics travelled widely diverse roads to solve this basic problem, but none of them ever quite found a clear path over this troublesome hurdle. Sykes was equally unsuccessful, but somewhat comforted by the knowledge that he was always in good company. All over the world, there were many intelligent, adventurous explorers making startling discoveries — directly or indirectly related — to the famous lost continent.
Plato’s Dialogues Timaeus and Critias, written between 429 and 347 BC, and the more than six-hundred flood legends around the world, are not proven to be of historical value. Unfortunately, the only historic document about Atlantis is Plato. Plato was accused, beginning with his pupil Aristotle, of inventing Atlantis for propaganda purposes. The fantastic incredibility of the location of a continent or island in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, and the presence upon this land mass of a civilized people while simultaneously the rest of humanity was still in a state of savagery, was a big pill for disbelievers to swallow.
For quite a long time, scientists investigated the possibility that North Africa, including the Sahara Desert, formed part of or was contemporary with Atlantis. In 1814, Ali Bey El Abbassi (or Domingo Badia y Leyblich) wrote a book on The Ancient Island of Atlantis and the Possibility of an Interior Sea in the Center of Africa.
The discovery of America with its gigantic ruined cities in Yucatan, Peru, and the Andean Highlands fired the early Atlantologists to much research and the writing of books — a process which dwindled until the middle of the last century when Ignatius Donnelly arrived on the scene.
Minnesota congressman, Ignatius Donnelly, author of the 1882 overnight best seller Atlantis: The Antediluvian World, is known as the Father of the Science of Atlantology. In 1883, he published Ragnarok: The Age of Fire and Gravel. Donnelly was a Republican Minnesota Congressman with an encyclopedic mind who studied law but preferred poetry. Unlike other members of Congress, Donnelly logged in many hours in the Library of Congress, and a short time into retirement he produced his first book Atlantis: The Antediluvian World. The best response to the book was not in America but in the United Kingdom. Four-time Prime Minister of Britain, William Ewart Gladstone, wrote to Donnelly to congratulate him on his book and in 1882, Gladstone asked the Cabinet to produce funds for the sending of a ship to trace out the outline of Atlantis. Gladstone failed to secure the necessary support from the Treasury.
Donnelly’s time was not ripe for the unreserved acceptance of the hypothesis of a land mass suddenly lost in the Atlantic Ocean, chiefly because geophysical theories were unable to supply physical presuppositions for such a loss. Donnelly’s books did not evoke new research but provided the blueprints for the general method of study of Atlantology. The science of Atlantology was fundamentally hampered from progress until Hoerbiger and Sykes, who offered theories which could convincingly explain the sudden catastrophic loss of Atlantis.
In 1907, Etienne Felix Berlioux wrote a series of papers entitled Morocco and the Atlanteans for the Academy of Sciences at Lyons.
Professor Wladimir Bogachev was a distinguished geologist who may be described as the Father of Atlantology in Russia. In 1910, Bogachev was a lecturer at the University of Dorpat, Estonia, and in 1912, he published a brochure Atlantida, the first work on the geology of Atlantis to be printed.
Between 1910 and 1932, Leo Frobenius, the famous German anthropologist, made no less than ten African voyages. During an excavation in Nigeria in the palace compound of the chief of the ancient Ife culture, he discovered outstanding works of art in the form of remarkable bronze heads and terra cottas — portraits of individuals which displayed an astonishing degree of realism not found elsewhere in African culture. Frobenius believed the Ife to be an important culture which succumbed to climatic conditions.
On October 20, 1912, Paul Schliemann’s sensational article on Atlantis was published in the New York American, a publication of Hearst Press. Paul claimed that his famous grandfather, Heinrich Schliemann, began investigating the myth of Atlantis in 1883, seven years before his death, and Paul had inherited Heinrich’s confidential research, as well as funding to continue the work. Young Schliemann’s complete silence after 1918 confirmed the view generally held that he must have died during World War I. The article was believed by many to be a hoax, as not one single member of the Schliemann family uttered a word either in favor or against the story.
Pierre Termier’s Atlantide of 1913 and La Derive des Continents of 1924, were two of the most important scientific works on the subject in the early half of the century.
It was Pierre Benoit’s novel Atlantide, first published in 1920, which stimulated many expeditions to Africa. Benoit’s novel told of the adventures of some French officers seeking for traces of Atlantis in the wastelands of North Africa, where they encountered the legendary Atlantean Princess Antinea.
In 1920, Alfred Watkins, an expert photographer and inventor of the Watkins Exposure Meter, began noting on 1” and 6” Ordnance Survey maps of the British Isles, the numerous alignments of ancient sites. Watkins concluded that, before Roman times, members of an unknown race accurately surveyed the land, leaving markstones and circular mounds, whose alignments came to be known as leys or straight tracks, ranging in length from three to one-hundred miles. In 1927, Watkins, founder of the Straight Track Club (1926-1949), published The Ley Hunters Manual, a ninety page book containing one-hundred-and-twenty photographs and site diagrams of markstones and their ley lines.
Lewis Spence once said, “I still assert with all the emphasis at my command that unless the iron discipline of scientific detachment be recognized in the consideration of such questions as the Atlantean, its study might as well been abandoned. For me there are two Atlantises — the Atlantis of fantasy and imagination, and that of reality. Sometimes these ideas appear to fuse, at others they are as far apart as poles.”
Spence’s 1924 The Problem of Atlantis and 1925 Atlantis in North America evoked interest in the subject in the Anglo Saxon world. Spence also formed his Atlantis Research Center and published Atlantis Quarterly, which closed down after five issues.
In 1925, F. Butavand wrote La Veritable Histoire de l’Atlantide, in support of his thesis that Atlantis had originally been a series of islands, now submerged, lying off the Tunisian coast — the site where Carthage and Utica were later founded and built.
On June 24, 1926, Paul Le Cour and Roger Devigne created the Society for Atlantic Studies at the Sorbonne in France. Shortly afterwards, Les Amis d’Atlantis broke up into two Atlantis study groups: one based on Le Cour’s mystical approach; and the other on Devigne’s more pragmatic approach.
In 1926, R.M. (Rene-Maurice) Gattefosse, Jean Gattefosse, and Claudius Roux published the famous bibliography of Atlantis Bibliographie de L’Atlantide.
In 1927, the Caribbean explorer F.A. Mitchell-Hedges discovered the famous, exquisitely carved, eleven pound, life-size skull with a moveable jaw, cut from a block of rock crystal, in a Mayan temple in Lubaantun, British Honduras. Microscopic examination of the surface for grinding patterns showed no evidence of tools. Rock crystal was believed by the ancients to be frozen holy water that never melted, a form of supernatural white magic, and the flaws in the crystal to be the souls of a host of guardian angels.
In 1929, Professor Paul Borchardt of Muich, a geographer and explorer, claimed to have found Plato’s Atlantis at a North African site in the Mediterranean Sea between the Schott el Dejrid and the Gulf of Gabes, and aided by Dr. Albert Herrmann of the University of Berlin, assigned the whole of the Atlantis story to a small locality near Tunis.
Professor Hans Pettersson, leader of the Swedish Albatross expedition, which extracted hundreds of samples from the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean in the 1930’s, stated that the Mid-Atlantic Ridge was mainly above water 15,000 years ago. A similar conclusion was reached by the German Gauss expedition, which sounded the Romanche Deep in 1901. In 1936, Maurice Piggot’s famous U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey of deep core soundings showed definitively that the Mid-Atlantic Ridge reached above the surface of the sea 10,000 to 20,000 years ago. Different sediment deposits on each side of the Ridge showed that the Ridge once separated two currents, and there are heavy deposits of volcanic ash on both sides which, according to carbon dating, were deposited 12,000 years ago.
In Italy, it was inevitable that Italian interest in Atlantis should be focused on the Tyrrhenian Sea and North Africa, rather than the distant Atlantic. Dr. Nicola Russo, Chairman of the Italian Atlantis Society and editor of the its journal Atlantide in Italia, which appeared from 1930 to 1932, wrote several papers on the subject. Unfortunately, the Society’s activities were suspended in the immediate pre-war years of World War II due to the pressure of domestic politics; however, in 1956, interest in Atlantis was revived in Italy with the formation of the Centro Culturale Atlantide in Genoa. The group published La Voce d’Atlantide edited by Gianni Belli of Genoa from 1956 to 1958. In 1963, the Italian Atlantis was published in Genoa by Mr. Leonardo Bettini, a member of the Atlantis Research Center.
In 1933, Lieutenant Brenans of the French Camel Corps discovered the magnificent Tassili petroglyphs in the middle of the Sahara Desert. In 1959, Henry Lhote published The Search for the Tassili Frescoes, the Rock Paintings of the Sahara, the story of the sixteen months spent by the author and two different teams searching for and copying some of the most wonderful rock paintings in the world. The vast size of some of the frescoes show the importance of ritual art in the life of the nomadic people in the days before the Sahara had been turned into a desert.
In 1948 in French North Africa, a new organization came into existence called L’Atlantide de Demain, headed by Amedee Guiraud. The group published a quarterly journal En L’Atlantide. The objective of the new group was to establish a link between North West Africa and Atlantis, and to bring the whole area back to the conditions of fertility and prosperity which existed in the time of Atlantis.
In 1948, Professor N. Boneff, head of the Department of Astronomy at Sofia University and member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, issued Une Application de la Theorie des Marees au Probleme de L’Atlantide, an important mathematical contribution related to the destruction of Atlantis.
On November 17, 1949, Pastor Jurgen Spanuth wrote a letter to Sykes to notify him that the race for Atlantis was finally over. Spanuth was certain he had located the remains of Plato’s lost continent five miles south of Helgoland in the North Sea. Top
Professor Rene Malaise published Atlantis en Geologisk Verkzighet in Stockholm in 1950.
In 1951, the Cuba Institute of Archaeology debated the possibility that Cuba was once in some way related to Atlantis. They concluded that the island’s prehistoric caves with petroglyphs and astronomical symbols, and a staircase leading to a rudimentary observatory in ***** del Este, may support the theory.
In April 1952, scientists reported the discovery of three-hundred human skeletons in a deep cave in the Pyrenean district of southwest France. There was a stalagmite growing out of a hipbone, verifying the calculated dating of up to 15,000 years old.
In August 1952, Dr. Daniel Ruzo found himself on the Marcahuasi Plateau, eighty kilometers from Lima, Peru. The plateau, showing traces of prehistoric works of defence, habitation, and hydrology, boasted hundreds of gigantic sculptures of men and beasts, including animals which never existed in America, carved about 10,000 years ago. Many of the sculptures could only be seen clearly at certain times of day under certain light conditions. The Egyptian god Thueris, a female hippopotamus and symbol of fertility, was represented five times at Marcahuasi.
The July 1955 journal of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, Priroda, contained an article by Professor E.F. Hagemeister of Tallin who, based on investigation into the disintegration of ionium made at various depths of the Atlantic Ocean, stated that the Gulf Stream had only come into existence 12,000 years ago. Hagemeister concluded that the end of the European Ice Age, the appearance of the Gulf Stream, and the submersion of Atlantis, all took place at the same time. In the same issue, V.A. Obroutchev of the Soviet Academy, leading authority on the civilizations of the Gobi Desert, supported his colleague’s theory based on current geological findings.
In 1956, Zaki Saad of the Egyptian Department of Antiquities reported discoveries in the neighborhood of Cairo, showing that the then capital of Egypt was a flourishing metropolis of about a million people before the First Dynasty, and had roots stretching back at least two thousand years before then.
On January 18, 1956, Dr. Michael Kamienski, Professor of Astronomy, gave a lecture called Tragedy of Atlantis-Poseidia in one of the largest halls of Krakow University in Poland. When over five-hundred people showed up but only three-hundred could squeeze into the room, the gracious lecturer repeated his performance the following week. Kamienski dated Halley’s Comet back to BC 9542, the time of the submersion of Atlantis, and hypothesized that some portion of the tail or even the head of Halley’s Comet broke off and plunged into the western Atlantic Ocean. Kamienski continued his researches into comets Haley and Wolf (named the Wolf Kamienski Comet in his honor in 1971), until his retirement in 1963.
The unique calendrical system of the inhabitants of Tiahuanaco, immortalized in great stone gateways and Idols, accurately fit in with Hoerbiger’s Lunar Capture Theory, as described by the German scientist Edmund Kiss after his visit to Tiahuanaco in 1929 and in great detail in 1956, in H. S. Bellamy and Peter Allan’s book The Calendar of Tiahuanaco. In 1957, both Allan and Bellamy received Honorary Professorships at the University of La Paz in recognition of their work.
Sykes’ interest in the archaeology of the Caribbean began with Horace Gouvieva’s underwater find of stone columns off the coast of Bermuda in 1958, and the discovery of a sunken temple off the island of Andros by Dr. Manson Valentine and Dimitri Rebikoff, a Fort Lauderdale oceanographer and underwater explorer. Valentine later discovered more underwater remains off North Bimini.
In 1959, Arthur Louis Joquel II stated, “The legend of the lost continent of Atlantis is the most fascinating story which man has ever known. The theme of the great island in the Atlantic Ocean, which was destroyed with all of its people and its wealth in a single day and night of earthquake and flood, has for several thousand years intrigued everyone who heard it. Heated argument and debate has raged over whether Atlantis ever really existed or not, and if so, where and how long ago. Over two-thousand separate books and articles have been written about it; there have been Atlantean Societies and magazines. Several motion pictures have been based on it, and expeditions have searched for it on sea and land.”
In 1960, Professor Angelos G. Galanopoulos, a seismologist at Athens University, announced that the Santorini volcanic explosion of BC 1400 destroyed the civilization of Minoan Crete, and the island contained the remnants of Atlantis . Mr. James V. Mavor of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute supported the theory in his 1969 book Voyage to Atlantis. Sykes thought the Santorini theory to be purely political, and designed to prove to the world that Greek influence of the Eastern Mediterranean antedated that of the Turks.
In the July 1960 Ohio Archaeologist, Carl B. Compton’s article America’s First People, declared that the relatively new and amazingly fast-developing radiocarbon dating method had pushed back the date for early man in America to 40,000 years or more.
In 1960, after three decades of disagreement, Sykes’ research finally supported the readings of the famous American prophet, Edgar Cayce (1877-1945), that Bimini was likely one of the best places to find records of Atlantis. Sykes corresponded with Edgar Cayce by letter in 1935 and 1936 about the Bimini complex. Cayce’s readings are preserved at the Association of Research and Enlightenment (A.R.E.) in Virginia Beach, which is also the present home of the Egerton Sykes Collection. Besides pointing to Bimini first, all seven-hundred Cayce readings on the subject of Atlantis admirably balance Atlantis and Diffusion. Cayce’s words also offer a step toward a greater comprehension of what Atlantis really means to humankind. The Cayce material teaches that philosophy, theology, and science are not like oil and water, but have an affinity for each other, and are indispensable to one another. Cayce makes it clear that philosophy and science, as separate ways of thinking, will not stand the test of life and experience. Unfortunately, the majority of conventional scientists dismiss Cayce’s unique methodology without a second thought.
Professor Dimitry G. Panov was a Doctor of Geographical Science and the editor of Zhirov’s book Atlantida printed in Moscow in 1964. In 1961, Panov published The Origin of the Continents and the Oceans (State Geographical Publications, Moscow), in which he stated his views on the history and geological structure of the world’s oceans, and mentioned his belief in the reality of Atlantis.
On April 22, 1964, Dr. N. Th.Zhirov read his paper, The Existence and Destruction of Atlantis , to the Leningrad House of Scientists Geological-Geographical Section. The report gathered more than one-hundred-and-fifty scientists and students for two-and-a-half hours.
In 1965, an Italian expert on North Africa, Alf Bajocco, published The Early Inhabitants of the Canary Islands, in which he considered that the original inhabitants of the Canary Islands may have been of Berber origin, and the Berbers, the original inhabitants of Northwest Africa, were descendants of the Atlanteans.
In his book of 1970, Atlantology: Basic Problems, Dr. N. Th. Zhirov, Professor of Chemical Sciences in the Soviet Union, stated that the Mid-Atlantic Ridge’s Dolphin Ridge, was above sea level in BC 10,000. The book is one of the most serious studies ever done to produce geological proof that Atlantis really existed. There are over eight-hundred references cited in the thirty-five page bibliography, including early Russian classical sources. Zhirov painstakingly reviewed the latest knowledge of the formation of continents; structure of mountains and submarine ridges; seismic processes; cosmological influences; tectonic origins; the effects of glaciations on the distribution of flora and fauna; and changes produced by the Gulf Stream.
In 1972, Ludwick Zajdler published Atlantyda (Warsaw, 3rd edition). Interest in Poland was so strong that there were 30,000 copies of third edition of the book run off, a figure which equaled all of the books on Atlantis published in Britain and the United States during the last twenty years.
The study of Atlantis has never been a mainstream occupation, yet dedicated researchers continue to explore and patiently seek that one crucial discovery which will finally prove the existence of the legendary Atlantis.

Scientific Atlantology and the Egerton Sykes Collection (at the A.R.E. Library at Virginia Beach, Va.)
Egerton Sykes' personal library -- the result of sixty years of collecting -- travelled across the Atlantic Ocean to the Association for Research and Enlightenment (A.R.E.) in Virginia Beach, where it resides today in the third study carrel of the A.R.E. Library as The Egerton Sykes Collection. Guaranteed to intrigue, the Egerton Sykes Collection, which includes over 6000 books (volumes in fifteen different languages on a dazzling variety of topics), magazines, pamphlets, slides, tapes, personal letters, unpublished manuscripts, fascinating photographs, newspaper clippings, and Sykes personal card index, is an enchanting treasure and most definitely worth a visit. The Collection has never been appraised by a rare book dealer and could not be duplicated at any price. Check out the A.R.E. at http://www.edgarcayce.org.


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« Reply #115 on: July 30, 2008, 11:08:57 pm »

Vladimir Pakhomov


"There is no remembrance of former things;
neither shall there be any remembrance of things
that are to come with those that shall come after."

- Ecclesiastes, Bible.

On requests my friends and for all, who is interested Atlantis, its powerful civilization, I place here, in the abbreviated form, the fragment from one chapters of my book "The Message to the Unborn".

This article is based on the data received from decoding of the ancient cryptogram. To find any conformity to the information contained in the cryptogram among kept on all continents, isolated remainders of the ancient myths, architecture, sculptures, figures, national clothes and so on, is very difficult. There is an impression, as though whose hand diligently and everywhere has erased all mentions of a great civilization existing on the Earth, preceded of our civilizations and exceeding our civilization.

Any story about Atlantis begins with mentioning of two dialogues of Plato - "Timeaus" and "Critias". I will bring here those citations from his dialogues, which in the most degrees help me to identify one of the images received from decoding ancient cryptogram. I was interested by any hints about arrangement Atlantis, quantity of its islands, their size, form and mutual position. Because I have received a map, but I did not know, that is represented on it.







Plato (427-347 B.C.) ancient Greek philosopher, alongside with Pythagoras, Parmenides and Socrates — ancestor of European philosophy; the chapter of Academy, a school of science and philosophy.
In 366 B.C. in Academy appears Aristotle and remains there up to death Plato. The family of the father Plato, Ariston, on legend, ascended to mythical king Codrus; among ancestors of the mother, Perictione, — lawmaker Solon, one of seven wise men of Greece.
Solon (639– 559 B.C.), Athenian statesman, lawgiver and poet. Occurred from outstanding family Codrus, at one time reigned in Athens. In twenty years' age Plato has acquainted with Socrates, began regularly to visit his conversations. In 387 visits Southern Italy, a native land of the most ancient recorded laws.

Plato writes:

"I have before remarked in speaking of the allotments of the gods, that they distributed the whole earth into portions differing in extent, and made for themselves temples and instituted sacrifices. And Poseidon, receiving for his lot the island of Atlantis, begat children by a mortal woman, and settled them in a part of the island, which I will describe.

Looking towards the sea, but in the centre of the whole island, there was a plain which is said to have been the fairest of all plains and very fertile. Near the plain again, and also in the centre of the island at a distance of about fifty stadia, there was a mountain not very high on any side." /Critias/



(1 stadia - approximately 193 meters)

Unfortunately, in the different editions of the same dialogue of Plato there are very essential differences in the translation. It changes the sense. For example:



"From the sea and up to middle of island, there was a plain..."



Compare these two translations and be convinced, that they are not compatible. I compared four different translations!

In Greek mythology, Poseidon - one of the gods of the Olympic, the god of the sea, the son of Cronus and Rhea, brother of Zeus and Hades, with which he has divided domination above the world. The Trident of Poseidon - certain ancient fetish, vested by magic power.



"And he named them all; the eldest, who was the first king, he named Atlas, and after him the whole island and the ocean were called Atlantic. To his twin brother, who was born after him, and obtained as his lot the extremity of the island towards the Pillars of Heracles, facing the country which is now called the region of Gades in that part of the world, he gave the name which in the Hellenic language is Eumelus, in the language of the country which is named after him, Gadeirus."



This not that titan Atlas, which support in far west a firmament, in punishment for war with the gods. In the revolt of the Titans against the gods, Atlas stormed the heavens and Zeus punished him for this deed by condemning him to forever bear the earth and the heavens upon his shoulders.
In mythology, Poseidon - the father of set of children, among which was also giant Orion.

In Plato's time, ancient Greeks used the name of Gadirus for the city which was situated where modern Cadiz stands now, on the Atlantic coast of the Pyrenean Peninsula, not far from Gibraltar.

Diodor of Sicily in his "Historical Library" writes about Phoenicians as follows:

"...started going beyond the Pillars of Hercules to the sea called the Ocean.
And shortly built a city called Gadirus on the peninsula in Europe,
close to the strait situated at the Pillars..."




Let's look how looks the ancient image of Poseidon referring to times of Plato. I think, that this image is only one link in a long series of reproductions of the ancient original and symbolical performance of Atlantis and its famous mountains. So the art keeps memory of mankind.




Look at the image of Poseidon and his trident. What origin of the trident of Poseidon? The trident of Poseidon accompanies all his images and sculptures. Why Poseidon constantly hold this trident?
In many languages and at many folk the sign of trident designates the mountains. The trident symbolically represents three mountain tops towering above the sea. These three mountain tops were seen from afar. When the ship approach to Atlantis, then because of horizon, as though from a water, appear these three mountain tops. Trident of the potentate of the seas - Atlantis, its largest island Poseidia.
Picture it is got such, main island Poseidia (the island of Poseidon) and beside towering from water three mountain tops of two smaller islands (the trident). This trident was beautiful, there was is seen from afar and was shown the good landmark for the ships.
All this archipelago and with opposite the parties similarly looks. The appearance because of horizon of three mountain tops spoke to the seafarers, that the ship comes nearer to capital of potentates of the seas.

Poseidon
The Roman marble copy from the Greek original, 4 centuries B.C., Rome, the Vatican museums.




Now we shall look, that writes Plato about the sizes and form of islands.



"For these histories tell of a mighty power which unprovoked made an expedition against the whole of Europe and Asia, and to which your city put an end. This power came forth out of the Atlantic Ocean, for in those days the Atlantic was navigable; and there was an island situated in front of the straits which are by you called the Pillars of Heracles; the island was larger than Libya and Asia put together, and was the way to other islands, and from these you might pass to the whole of the opposite continent which surrounded the true ocean; for this sea which is within the Straits of Heracles is only a harbour, having a narrow entrance, but that other is a real sea, and the surrounding land may be most truly called a boundless continent.
Now in this island of Atlantis there was a great and wonderful empire which had rule over the whole island and several others, and over parts of the continent, and, furthermore, the men of Atlantis had subjected the parts of Libya within the columns of Heracles as far as Egypt, and of Europe as far as Tyrrhenia." /Timeaus/



In this fragment Plato writes and about Atlantis (in which many do not trust) and about the American continent (in which difficultly to not believe). Though in times of Plato, on modern presentations, equally were not known and Atlantis and America.



"...which, as was saying, was an island greater in extent than Libya and Asia, and when afterwards sunk by an earthquake, became an impassable barrier of mud to voyagers sailing from hence to any part of the ocean." /Critias/



Even if we presume that Asia here stands for what is now called the Near East - just a small part of the Asian continent, and Libya - for a small part of North Africa, that nevertheless was the large island.

Now we shall look at characteristic attributes of the island.



"The whole country was said by him to be very lofty and precipitous on the side of the sea, but the country immediately about and surrounding the city was a level plain, itself surrounded by mountains which descended towards the sea; it was smooth and even, and of an oblong shape, extending in one direction three thousand stadia, but across the centre inland it was two thousand stadia. This part of the island looked towards the south, and was sheltered from the north.
The surrounding mountains were celebrated for their number and size and beauty, far beyond any which still exist,..." /Critias/



The plain by the size 2000 on 3000 stades is approximately 370 x 550 kilometers.



"It [plain] was for the most part rectangular and oblong, and where falling out of the straight line followed the circular ditch." /Critias/



Perhaps, that it is everything, that it is possible to learn from dialogues of Plato about the island or islands of Atlantis. Now we will look that else possible use, as certificates of existence this legendary land.






It is meaningful to pay attention and to that memory of the missed ground, which the people have not kept, but the nature has kept. For example, the study of ways of seasonal migration of birds can much tell.




Picture of the artist GrevKafi



"AND THE BIRDS RETURN HOME..."



The Birds, annually flying from Europe in South America, always long whirls on certain places in Atlantic ocean. Probably they still had genetic memory that earlier in these places there was a land, where they grew nestlings and returned in Europe...




There are also other fragments of the kept information about Atlantis.








In 1665, German priest - jesuit, Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680), has published "Mundus Subterraneus", massive book, which include the reproduction of ancient Egyptian map of Atlantis. Map was taken away Romans from Egypt, probably after completion of rule Cleopatra. Cleopatra was the last pharaonic ruler of Egypt before it fell to Rome in 30 B.C.

Here it would be desirable to add, that Athanasius Kircher was the outstanding man, which compare with Leonardo da Vinci. And to acquaint with his works extremely interesting and useful.






Map of Atlantis from «Mundus Subterraneus» of Athanasius Kircher (1665)




Inscriptions on the map: America, Atlantic ocean, Atlantis, Africa, Spain.



Situs
Infula Atlantis, a
Mari ohm abforpte ex
mento Egyptiorum et
Platonis deferptio.
This Latin inscription on the corner of the map of Atlantis translates:

"Site of Atlantis now beneath the sea according to the believes of the Egyptians and the description of Plato."




On a main island of Atlantis the arrow in a circle (compass) indicating on a north is drawn.
The Egyptians believed, that the south, instead of north, is on top of the world. It was meaningful, because it was a direction whence flows of Nile. And as Nile was very important for them, its source should be on top of the world. Probably there is also other explanation to this fact.
To restore habitual for us a kind "north on top" it was necessary to turn the map. Therefore image I have turned on 180° (Africa on the right, America at the left, north on top).






Famous "the Sleeping Prophet" - Edgar Cayce in "readings" informs such names of three islands of Atlantis: Poseidia, Aryan and Og. It is possible to tell these names already became standard. Read two citations:



"(Q) What were the principal islands called at the time of the final destruction?
(A) Poseidia and Aryan [?], and Og [?].

"The origin of the Atlantean continent is obscured in the misty period of prehistory. Indeed, even psychic records are hard to understand, for the earth's surface has changed many times during even this cycle.
When man entered this earth as man, Atlantis was a great continent lying in what is now the Atlantic Ocean between the Gulf of Mexico and the Mediterranean Sea.
In area it can be compared with what is now Europe and Russia. The north and south poles did not occupy their present positions, nor were the land surfaces now existent then above water except as follows: The eastern seaboard was the coastal region of Atlantis; the region of the Carpathian mountains and the Mongolian Desert were habitable, as was the northern part of what is now Africa, as was the southeastern portion of Atlantis.
The Andean coast of South America were covered by water, while the plains of Utah, Nevada, and Arizona were above sea level."



So, what is possible to tell about Atlantis proceeding from the adduced information? This there were three islands, with standing out three mountain tops. In average part of island there was approximately square-wave valley locked with north by mountains.

Well, drawing of an unknown land received from decryption of ancient cryptogram satisfies to all these conditions.






ATTENTION!
For the first time You can see the present map of Atlantis!
This mathematical model enables to consider Atlantis from different directions,
is constructed under the data, which was left to us by a Great Civilization.

Now you have the exact image of Atlantis and you should it find!






This image gives the exact enough and full information for search of the lost land and our history. The islands are extended on a line from northeast on a southwest. Large island Poseidia very long. The data, available at me, allow to make the assumption, that its length was approximately 2000 kilometers. It corresponds to the description of Plato. But I do not know an exact scale of the image.

The general view from above reminds huge caldera of volcano.

Sea level I has chosen approximately, as I do not know while what it was. If a sea level to lower, all three islands will merge in one island of annular structure.

I study this map many years. By search of conformity of this map to a modern kind of a surface of the Earth, it is possible a map to turn, to overturn, to scale and so on. I can not tell precisely, what scale of this map, in what projection it is made. Therefore possible to do the different assumptions about sizes of these islands. It can islands on the river. For example, on old maps of Nile possible to find the similar islands. And it can all surface of the Earth is represented what it was before catastrophe. That is, it "the map of world ". In this case, it is possible to notice, that smallest "island" reminds by the form Antarctic continent.

The mathematical model allows to look at Atlantis and on the part of. That the seafarers swimming up to Atlantis from northeast saw.




The view of Atlantis from the sea (approximately from northeast)



It is a kind from the narrowest side. At the left - large island, on the right - two islands of the smaller size. On a large island the large mountain ridge is visible, behind which there is that valley about which wrote Plato. The inclination for horizon -1°, simulates appearance of Atlantis bbecause of horizon at approach to it on the sea.

The kind of Atlantis from the sea shows sense of the sculptural images of Poseidon with his trident. Itself Poseidon symbolizes a main large island Poseidia, and the trident reminds a kind of two other islands, appearing because of horizon, with three mountain tops. Even the form of the tines of trident copies the form of these mountains. They tilted in the different sides from central tine. I was very glad to find out this symbolical similarity with the restored image of Atlantis.

Where such relief exists on the Earth? Probably somebody saw something similar? It would be interesting to exchange results of search.






The Great pyramids of Egypt by the kind remind mountains of Atlantis and probably it is not random similarity.






When I have looked at model of Atlantis approximately from northeast and the outlines of mountains have reminded me great pyramids of Egypt, I have recollected, that three great pyramids are located on a line from northeast on a southwest. And it already two analogies.

I constantly search among all kept monuments of ancient civilizations for such connections, analogies and hints. It allows better to understand the main document - "THE MESSAGE TO THE UNBORN". And on the other hand, the Message allows better to understand sense and interrelation of kept monuments, myths and legends of ancient civilizations in all angles of the Earth. It has enabled, for example, to restore an initial kind of a great Sphinx on the Giza plateau. So, as it look else before alteration by pharaoh and destructions by time. His kind is unusual and is beautiful, such will not think up.



to be continued ...


Ancient hieroglyphs, Temple in Abydos, Egypt.

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« Reply #116 on: July 30, 2008, 11:12:09 pm »

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What to look for.

There may still be observed sacred memorials in places where fountains once existed (Plato citation).
Hot water sources and fountains.
To be outside of the « Pillars of Hercules ».
Minimum size to have a plain of +/- 500 Kms by +/- 200 Kms including the surrounding mountains, able to feed a population having an army of 1'200'000 men.
Mountains on the northern part.
Volcano's or volcanic activity.
Antarctica and Greenland were covered with ice for at least 100'000 years or more, and cannot have been possible places.
What is not there any longer.
Hunan constructions like houses and roads.
The richer and softer parts of the soil (Plato citation).
Anything unable to resist to earthquakes of a magnitude 8 or higher.
The Atlantic Ocean Floor.

Image of the Atlantic Ocean in special coloring in order to show the profile of the Atlantic Ocean floor. (Blue color is proportional to depth)

We can clearly distinguish something like a huge ridge or a small continental plate between Spain and the Northern American Continent.

Further The North Atlantic Ocean floor looks like to be lowered from the line Ireland-New Foundland until the line Liberia-French Ginee. It seems to me that the all-over depth of the Northern part of the Atlantic Ocean is a lot lower than the all-over depth of the Southern part of the Atlantic Ocean as well as the all-over depth of the other oceans. Thus considering that this part of the ocean could have been lowered by some cataclysmic event.

This picture has been used to create the correction data which is used to put the all-over depth of the Northern Atlantic back to the corresponding all-over depth of the remaining oceans. Then the other oceans are only deep there where the continental plates run into each other but not there where the continental plates run away from each other. It is still possible that the southern part was lowered to, but I did not find any visible sign of this, besides the Cogo River canyon, which runs until a depth of 2'000 meters, but it is the only one. Than in case of a lowering of the southern part of the Atlantic ocean, the South American Amazone river should have had a similar canyon to, but I did not find any sign of one.



The Madeira region.

The Madeira ridge, this region could have been above the water level in the past, since constructions have been seen on the Ampére sea-mount.

However it looks to me to close to the coastline to justify a sinking of about 3'500 meters, it is not impossible but personally I doubt it.

Further this region does not have the required size of having of population able the feed an army of 1'200'000 man, neither the required size for plain of about 500 Kms by 200 Kms (according to Plato).



The Greec island of Thera.

This illustration shows the area around Greece and the Greec island of Thera at the time before the rising of the sea-level and the supposed displacement of the poles. This only shows that Greece was of a fair size at that time, but there is still no space for an island like Atlantis, even not when dividing everything by ten, like some scientist pretend. Note that Greece has on this illustration has different north south orientation as it has today, this due to the supposed pole shift.

An Other interesting point of this picture is, as we know now, that the Black Sea had no connction with the Mediterian Sea and had possibly not only a different level, but was a lake to.


The mid Atlantic ridge around the Acores islands.

Map of the island of Atlantis, picture obtained by correcting the northern Atlantic region up, so that the overall depth matches the overall depth of the southern Atlantic ocean and the overall depth of the other oceans.

The north pole is positioned such that the pole is on the center of the predeluvian ice-cap, there where one would expect it to be.

The total size of the map is 4'800 Kms by 7'080 Kms, and the island itself is about 1'450 Kms wide and 3'200 Kms long, and the tail is about 2'000 Kms.

This leaves in south center part place for a plain of about 500 Kms by 200 Kms, corresponding to the sizes mentioned by Plato, considering a foot to be between 25 Cm and 40 Cm, then the exact size of a Atlatean foot remains today unknown. The even Europe had in the past as many sizes for foots and inches as there were kings and towns. The Frech revolution and Napoleon did put an end to this nonsense.

Dont forget Plato's writing « There are remaining only the bones of the wasted body, as they may called, as in the case of small islands, all the richer and softer parts of the soil having fallen away » so do not expect to find much leftovers of this island, and anyway diving down there with a vehicle with a sight of no more 10 meters searching for any trace in an area of 1'450 Kms by 3'200 Kms looks like predicting the stock market by analyzing the Wallstreet Journal with a microscope.

However heavy constructions like pyramids and parts being digged out of the rocks to make place for canals should still be visible (in fact, the map does show such a canal of about 550 kms long !!), as well the remains of the sacred memorials.


The prediluvian worldmap.

Map of the prediluvian world obtained by applying the correction data to the northern Atlantic ocean, and the south American continental plate. (which looks to me as been lifted up by 1'000 to 2'000 meters) I expect the the australian sub continent as well to be lifted up by an unknown amount. (More on this subject in « Continent changes & tectonic plate alignment »)

Not only that my climate simulation program matches the pre-deluvean ice-cap cover, but it shows also that a part of Alaska and Siberia suold have been free of ice, as we suspect it was 12'000 years ago. Europe and Northern America and Canada however should have been covered with ice, which also matches very closely the known situation of 12'000 years ago.

The simulation of lifting up a part of the Mid-Atlantic ocean floor shows the island of Atlantis is indeed in front of the « Pillars of Hercules » being the straits of Gibraltar, where it is supposed to be according Plato's dialogs.

Interesting part of this map is the size of the Indonesian sub-continent, we could imagine an other empire over there as many have suggested. Maybe this was the where the famous « Rama and Lemurian Civilizations » lived?, who should have lived somewhere around in this region, but nobody has found there any trace nor even writing about it, we only suspect thier existence. (To know more try the web-site « Ancient Indian Arcraft Technology » or take a look at the Ancient empire page of « The Adelphi Organization »)


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« Reply #117 on: August 11, 2008, 01:56:32 am »

From Boreasi's article:



quote:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
First Americans May Have Been European
Bjorn Carey
LiveScience Staff Writer
LiveScience.com
Sun Feb 19, 9:00 PM ET




ST. LOUIS—The first humans to spread across North America may have been seal hunters from France and Spain.


This runs counter to the long-held belief that the first human entry into the Americas was a crossing of a land-ice bridge that spanned the Bering Strait about 13,500 years ago.


The new thinking was outlined here Sunday at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.


The tools don’t match


Recent studies have suggested that the glaciers that helped form the bridge connecting Siberia and Alaska began receding around 17,000 to 13,000 years ago, leaving very little chance that people walked from one continent to the other.


Also, when archaeologist Dennis Stanford of the Smithsonian Institution places American spearheads, called Clovis points, side-by-side with Siberian points, he sees a divergence of many characteristics.


Instead, Stanford said today, Clovis points match up much closer with Solutrean style tools, which researchers date to about 19,000 years ago. This suggests that the American people making Clovis points made Solutrean points before that.


There’s just one problem with this hypothesis—Solutrean toolmakers lived in France and Spain. Scientists know of no land-ice bridge that spanned that entire gap.


INSERT ATLANTIS REFERENCE HERE!!!
CS
 

The lost hunting party


Stanford has an idea for how humans crossed the Atlantic, though—boats. Art from that era indicates that Solutrean populations in northern Spain were hunting marine animals, such as seals, walrus, and tuna.


They may have even made their way into the floating ice chunks that unite immense harp seal populations in Canada and Europe each year. Four million seals, Stanford said, would look like a pretty good meal to hungry European hunters, who might have ventured into the ice flows much the same way that the Inuit in Alaska and Greenland do today.


Inuit use large, open hunting boats constructed from animal skins for longer trips or big hunts. These boats, called umiaq, can hold a dozen adults, as well as several children, dead seals or walruses, and even dog-sled teams. Inuit have been building these boats for thousands of years, and Stanford believes that Solutrean people may have used a similar design.


It’s possible that some groups of these hunters ventured out as far as Iceland, where they may have gotten caught up in the prevailing currents and were carried to North America.


“You get three boats loaded up like this and you would have a viable population,” Stanford said. “You could actually get a whole bunch of people washing up on Nova Scotia.”


Some scientists believe that the Solutrean peoples were responsible for much of the cave art in Europe. Opponents of Stanford’s work ask why, then, would these people stop producing art once they made it to North America?


“I don’t know,” Stanford said. “But you’re looking at a long distance inland, 100 miles or so, before they would get to caves to do art in.”

Ancient People Followed 'Kelp Highway' to America, Researcher Says
North America Settled by Just 70 People, Study Concludes
Possible Fire Pit Dated to Be Over 50,000 Years Old
Early Man Was Hunted by Birds
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« Reply #118 on: August 11, 2008, 01:59:00 am »

The lost continent of Atlantis to be found in near future

Results of a previous research conducted in the area not far from Cyprus were classified as secret immediately

Several large international expeditions set off for different parts of the world last year to find vestiges of legendary Atlantis, which is still considered the exciting mysteries in the history of human civilization. According to the legend, the continent was flooded ten thousand years before Christ. Scientists still find ancient maps showing now-defunct islands and continents. British researcher Colin Wilson believes that the mystery of the lost continent will be unveiled very soon. The scientist decided to take part in the epoch-making event and joined another expedition devoted to Atlantis. Colin Wilson was inspired with recent explorations of mysterious and fathomless depth of the Mediterranean Sea - the cradle of the European civilization.

Explorers pay major attention to the part of the seafloor south off Cyprus, spreading to the coast of Syria. Scientists determined that the territory had been flooded, when the waters of the Atlantic Ocean broke through the dam between Gibraltar and North Africa and rushed into the Mediterranean lowland. A monstrous flood destroyed populated and fertile lands. Vestiges of fantastic ancient civilizations can be found on Cyprus, Crete, Malta, Corsica - the remains of the erstwhile Mediterranean lowland. Scientists believe that the area was populated with several nations, who shared their rich knowledge with ancient Egyptians, whose priests passed the legend of Atlantis across generations.

The destruction of the whole civilization was ascribed to gods’ anger, who decided to punish Atlanteans for their moral degradation and sinful lifestyle. The story about the destroyed super-civilization exists for over 2,000 years, after it was first told by Plato, the Greek historian and philosopher. US Congressman Ignatius Donnelly wrote a book about Atlanteans in the 19th century. The congressman wrote in his work that they used to be first humans, who invented gun-powder, paper, studied astronomy and learned how to smelt metals. Egypt, Donnelly wrote, was their colony, where they tried to civilize wild tribes. Ignatius Donnelly thinks that the Great Sphinx of Egypt is a lot older that people think it is - it was built by those, who survived the cataclysm. It was proved as a result of scientific researches that the erosion of the sphinx’s stone had been caused with hard rains, not with sand storms. It is supposed that the sphinx was built about 7,000 years B.C.

The mysterious Greek island of Santorini, situated not far from Crete, attracted a lot of attention in the 1960s. An enormous volcanic eruption destroyed the civilization that used to exist on the island, and Santorini turned to a huge sea crater. Archaeologists and historians added the island on their lists of ’candidacies’ for the title of the lost continent, although it did not fit Plato’s description. The events described in the legend of Atlantis took place a lot earlier than the destructive eruption and earthquake rocked the island.

Some scientists think that the Mediterranean Sea is rather young - it was supposedly formed after the end of the ice age, when the global warming commenced. Waters started changing continents’ outlines, leading to monstrous floods. A low mountainous chain used to separate the Mediterranean lowland from the Atlantic Ocean.

Atlantis might have been the cradle of early Mideastern civilizations too. Colin Wilson believes that scientists will soon obtain sensational information about the flooded country. Specialists plan to photograph the bottom of the sea, where they expect to find ancient buildings. The results of the previous research conducted in the area were classified as secret immediately. This may bring up a question of which country may own the territory of Atlantis with priceless treasures and archaeological findings. Syria and Lebanon have already set forth their claims for a part of the lost continent. Turkey has recently evinced interest too. Naval forces of several states will most likely watch and control the route of the research vessel. The US Navy has reportedly scanned the areas of the seafloor, where the ancient city is presumably situated.

http://www.paranormalnews.com/article.asp?ArticleID=1049
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Carolyn Silver
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« Reply #119 on: August 11, 2008, 02:00:15 am »

Bathymetric map of the Atlantic Ocean:

http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/image/2minrelief.html

Further information on the Smith and Sandwell data is available at: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/bathymetry/predicted/explore.HTML

For further information on the GLOBE project, consult: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/topo/globe.html.

NGDC can produce custom images, on request, for many of our databases. Please contact Dr. Peter W. Sloss (Peter.W.Sloss@noaa.gov), NOAA/NGDC Mail Code E/GC3, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA 80305, Phone 303-497-6119, fax 303-497-6513, for details.
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