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Skeletons Found Near Historic Plains Of Abraham - HISTORY Of Battle

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Bianca
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« on: June 14, 2008, 07:29:25 am »



A skull from possibly the 19th century sits at a location near the Plains of Abraham.
« Last Edit: June 22, 2008, 08:38:58 am by Bianca » Report Spam   Logged

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« Reply #1 on: June 14, 2008, 07:34:23 am »













                                          Skeletons found near historic Plains of Abraham






Fri. May. 9 2008
CTV.ca News Staff

Two nearly intact skeletons found near the Plains of Abraham date back to the 19th century or even earlier, archeologists say.


The skeletons were discovered by construction workers in February while breaking ground for new washroom facilities for the historic site, which sits outside Quebec City.


Vanessa Oliver-Lloyd, a bioarcheologist, told CTV's Canada AM that there are no records to indicate who the skeletons might be.


"Because there were two people there, we think it might be a family cemetery or private plot," she said.


She said the discovery was surprising because there were no records of a cemetery or private plots for the area.


The bodies were buried before 1900, because a drain was placed underground in 1900 and the coffins were below the drain, according to Oliver-Lloyd.


There are a number of artifacts at the site for archeologists to help pinpoint the age of the skeletons.


One skeleton had shoe buckles on its feet and the other had some buttons with it. Also, the nails used in the coffins can be studied to determine their date.


Archeologists believe that one skeleton is a teenaged boy and the other, an adult woman.


The skeletons are not believed to be from soldiers from the historic battle on the Plains of Abraham.


The Battle of the Plains of Abraham began on Sept. 13, 1759. The battle was fought between the British and French armies and proved to be a deciding point in the direction of Canada, with British forces proving victorious.
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« Reply #2 on: June 22, 2008, 08:39:52 am »



HE PLAINS OF ABRAHAM
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« Reply #3 on: June 22, 2008, 08:42:35 am »











                                      In The Heart Of Québec - The Battlefields Park



             One Of The mMost Prestigious City Parks - One of Canada’s Most Important Historical Parks






The site of many clashes for supremacy between the French and British Empires, the park is the scene of the 1759 Conquest, which changed the fate of North America. Apart from its historical past, the park is to Québec what Central Park and Hyde Park are to New York and London: a city park of outstanding value, the lungs of the city. One hundred and eight hectares of meadow and grassy knolls, decked with flowers or covered with snow, are there for residents and visitors to enjoy.

On March 17, 1908, the law creating the National Battlefields Commission (NBC) was sanctioned to highlight and preserve this site, unique in the world by its sheer size, its geographic location, its historical role and its beauty. The Battlefields Park, which groups together the Plains of Abraham and the Des Braves Park, was developed to honour the memory of both French and British combatants.
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« Reply #4 on: June 22, 2008, 08:50:44 am »



THE GARDENS








The Plains of Abraham is a 107 hectare site that was developed by the National Battlefields Commission

 to commemorate the battles that were fought in Quebec City in 1759, 1760 and 1775.





The Seven Years War



The Seven Years War was the first war that truly spanned the globe. It involved Britain, Prussia and Hanover against France, Austria, Sweden, Saxony, Russia and Spain.
In 1754, a Virginian major of militia called George Washington attacked a small French detachment. The British responded by sending two regiments to America. The French, on learning of this sent six battalions to reinforce and protect Canada and Louisbourg. From here there was a series of small skirmishes and in 1756, Britain declared war.





Battle of the Plains of Abraham



In 1759, the British, under the command of Major General James Wolfe, advanced into the St. Lawrence River and on September 13th attacked the French, under the command of Lieutenant General the marquis de Montcalm. Wolfe's troops scaled the cliffs below the Plains of Abraham and attacked. The battle was short and the city surrendered a few days later. Both Montcalm and Wolfe were mortally wounded.






Battle of Ste-Foy



In 1760 the French tried, unsuccessfully, to take Quebec City out of British control. A force of 5000 French soldiers engaged 3900 British soldiers just outside of the city walls and defeated them easily. While they were waiting for reinforcements they laid siege to the city. The British reinforcements arrived first, though, and they French had to retreat to Montreal.

Later in the year, the British captured Montreal and the French control over New France fell.




--------------------------------------------------------------------------------








Re-enactments of the battles fought on the Plains

are sometimes staged during the summer months.
« Last Edit: June 22, 2008, 08:54:23 am by Bianca » Report Spam   Logged

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« Reply #5 on: June 22, 2008, 08:57:52 am »

« Last Edit: June 22, 2008, 09:05:29 am by Bianca » Report Spam   Logged

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« Reply #6 on: June 22, 2008, 08:58:36 am »

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« Reply #7 on: June 22, 2008, 09:08:30 am »












                                  B A T T L E   O F   T H E   P L A I N S   O F   A B R A H A M





Having sailed upstream past the city on September 5 and 6, Wolfe's army landed without opposition on September 13, climbing the cliffs a few km above Québec.

Montcalm's communications with his source of supplies were threatened; he felt obliged to accept battle and impulsively attacked without waiting to collect all his forces. The armies actually on the field seem to have been about numerically equal - some 4500 each - but the British were all regulars, whereas many of the French were ill-trained militia.

The French attack was broken by British infantry fire, and the French retired in disorder.

Both Wolfe and Montcalm were mortally wounded.

The French field army retreated up the St. Lawrence by a circuitous route that night.

Québec surrendered on September 18.

A French attack early in 1760 failed to recover the city, and later in the year the British captured Montréal and NEW FRANCE fell.
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« Reply #8 on: June 22, 2008, 09:15:44 am »


 









                                                      Battle of the Plains of Abraham





A View of the Taking of Quebec, 13 September 1759,
published by Laurie and Whittle, 1759.

The engraving shows the three stages of the battle:
the British disembarking, scaling the cliff and the battle

(courtesy Library and Archives Canada/C-1078). 
 
 


http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0006320
« Last Edit: June 22, 2008, 09:21:21 am by Bianca » Report Spam   Logged

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« Reply #9 on: June 22, 2008, 09:23:43 am »



The siege of Québec (1759)








The name "Plains of Abraham" are called after Abraham Martin (1589-1664) who used the high lands

surrounding the city of Québec to graze his cattle.


These lands were in September 1759 the theater of one of the decisive battles of The Seven Years War

opposing France and Great Britain: The Battle Of The Plains Of Abraham.



This war ended by the Treaty of Paris signed in 1763 by which France ceded Canada to Great Britain.
« Last Edit: June 22, 2008, 09:29:03 am by Bianca » Report Spam   Logged

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« Reply #10 on: June 22, 2008, 09:30:34 am »



The city of Québec in 1771




Since March 17, 1908, to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the foundation of the city of Québec, the "Plains Of Abraham" and the "Parc Des Braves" became National Historical Sites under the name of Battlefied Parks.
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« Reply #11 on: June 22, 2008, 09:41:57 am »













                                        A B R A H A M   M A R T I N ' S   F A R M

 

 



In the tense times during that grim, deadly struggle, the hour demanded daring, skill, and imagination. A great commander may be epoch-making by the decision he makes and the direction he gives the forces at his disposal. Wolfe was such a leader. His intellect, energy and efficiency won the confidence of those he served and those he led. His will, one might even say his whim, made a profound difference in history. By dawn on that overcast day Wolfe had 4400 men on the Plains of Abraham, a thousand yards from the citadel's walls. They were drawn up along the crest of the heights. While Wolfe had successfully achieved a critical part of the perilous endeavour, his forces faced imminent danger. If overwhelmed by a combined attack by the Quebec garrison on one side and the French forces to the west on the other, retreat would be impossible.

Now that he was close to combat Wolfe's audacious spirit prevailed over doubt and discomfort. He pondered his good fortune. The last few hours had in themselves been a lifetime. So much had happened faultlessly. One could conceive a plan, run through it over and over again, studying and revising the minutest detail only to have a trifling mistake convert it all into chaos. On this occasion the execution was flawless; almost too good to be true. Motivated by the belief that a few good men of resolution could accomplish miracles against a surprised and shocked enemy, Wolfe proceeded to implement his "desperate plan."

While Murray, Monckton and Townshend reviewed the troops to ensure all was in order, Wolfe searched for a suitable site for the fight. Accompanied by this ADCs (aides de camp), who were his means of conveying orders, Wolfe made a reconnaissance towards the city to decide on the best location to set up. He needed open ground for deployment. It was there in front of him between, a tract of land not more than a thousand yards from the western walls of the fortress. It was ideal for his regulars and with its contours afforded some cover. It was a mile wide, fairly flat and studded here and there with corn stalks and bushes. To his right was the river; that flank was secure. In the distance the fort of Quebec itself was dark and low on the horizon. To his left across a rolling plain a line of trees marked the edge of the wilderness. That flank was the danger zone. The woods and shrub gave cover for Canadiens and Natives, exactly the kind of terrain they were best suited for and they lost no time in taking advantage of it, beginning at an early hour to harrass the redcoats.
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« Reply #12 on: June 22, 2008, 09:43:19 am »



Abraham Martin

(Portrayed by artist Charles Huot in 1908)

 






The land had belonged to Abraham Martin, a navigator known as the king's pilot who knew the river waters well for he had frequently fished there and in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

In 1635 in return for his services, Martin had been granted 12 acres on the outskirts of Quebec and
ten years later received an additional 20 acres as a gift.

In 1667 Abraham sold the land to the Ursulines religious order.

Chance had chosen this rustic spot, this peaceful patch of a farmer's field which became that day a giant stage on which the fortunes of war would decide the fate of two Nations.

At the same time, Wolfe selected the site of the most famous battle in Canadian history, he decided also on the date of his death.
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« Reply #13 on: June 22, 2008, 09:53:15 am »











There, at right angles to the river, Wolfe formed his troops into the classic 18th century line of battle across the mile width of the plain facing the city, two riflemen deep in what must have been the thinnest red lines in British military history.
  • Earlier British practice was to form soldiers into ranks three men deep. In this instance they were two men deep, the rear rank a pace behind the front. Wolfe's two-deep formation permitted the rear rank to fire over the shoulders of the men in front.It became the famed 'thin red line' of British military history. The fact not the phrase was Wolfe's.

What Wolfe lacked as a military planner, he more than made up for as a regimental field officer. Military morale results from a combination of belief in a cause, good training, trust in leadership, pride in unit, a sense of being treated fairly, belonging to a group and not letting one's buddies down, and officers who attempt to ensure that the aims of the group are congruent with those of the army. The troops admired Wolfe's own serene oonfidence which quickly spread to the troops. He displayed spirit, dash, discipline and determination. Their training and morale were excellent and Wolfe's impressive sense of authority was reassuring to the men he led. That was the beauty of soldiering with Wolfe: a man knew where he stood. He treated the common soldier as an individual with a mind, and supplied facts to keep it busy. Soldiers divided their officers into two groups: those who led and those who followed. Wolfe, a natural leader of men, was always in the forefront.

The seasoned soldiers, tough, flexible shock-troops of the empire, stood motionless not a mile from the main town gate, their red ranks at ease with rifle butts grounded at the boot. At long last after the weary journey to Canada they were poised and ready to fight the French on their own terms. If they maintained fire discipline, what Wolfe had preached all his professional life, the result of the encounter would be swift and decisive. Townshend commanded the left flank, Murray the centre and Monckton the right. Wolfe posted himself at the front of the Louisbourg Grenadiers on the right flank.




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« Reply #14 on: June 22, 2008, 09:58:55 am »

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