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PICTURES of "Missing" Pyramid of A Pharaoh And The Connected SERAPIUM

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Bianca
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« on: June 06, 2008, 12:40:37 pm »









                                          Eroded pyramid attributed to early pharaoh





JONATHAN WRIGHT

Reuters

June 5, 2008 at 2:07 PM EDT

SAKKARA, Egypt — Egypt's chief archeologist said on Thursday he had identified a badly eroded pyramid south of Cairo as that of the Fifth Dynasty pharaoh Menkauhor, who ruled Egypt in the 24th century BC.

The identification by Zahi Hawass, head of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, could end the long controversy over the structure known as the Headless Pyramid, first described by the German archeologist Lepsius in the 19th century.

Some archeologists have associated the pyramid with the Tenth Dynasty pharaoh Merykare, who ruled about 400 years later, and others with the Twelfth Dynasty, which ruled Egypt between 1991 and 1786 BC during the period known as the Middle Kingdom.

But Dr. Hawass, whose teams have excavated the lower levels of the pyramid more thoroughly than any previous expeditions, said he is now convinced that the pyramid was that of Menkauhor, who is known from inscriptions to have built one somewhere.


Dr. Zahi Hawass's website 

 "Now we are sure that this pyramid is of a style of a pyramid of Dynasty V and belongs to a king called Menkauhor," Dr. Hawass told reporters during a tour of the site.

The archeologists did not find inscriptions with the name of the pharaoh, so Dr. Hawass based his attribution on architectural features, coupled with the fact that Menkauhor is the only Fifth Dynasty ruler whose pyramid has not been identified.

He pointed out large red granite blocks at the entrance to the burial chamber and said these were characteristic of pyramids of that period, of which there are many examples.




No labyrinthine passages


He also said that, on close examination, the plain lid of the sarcophagus was made of a material – grey schist – closely associated with the Old Kingdom.

"The material of this sarcophagus was never used in the Middle Kingdom," he added.

Another deciding factor was the ground plan of the substructure, which lacks the labyrinthine pattern of passages that led to the burial chambers of Middle Kingdom pyramids.

"The Middle Kingdom pyramids ... have complicated corridors until you reach the burial chamber. Without discovering any inscription, I tell you this is Old Kingdom. The substructure is exactly Dynasty V," he said.

The top part of the pyramid disappeared many years ago, probably removed by villagers to build houses in the flood plain of the Nile, which lies about 100 metres away.

When Dr. Hawass's team started work at the site about 18 months ago, they had to remove about eight metres of sand to reach the relatively well-preserved lower levels.

In the process, they stumbled upon what Dr. Hawass said was a processional way, built in the Ptolemaic period, along which the high priest of the Apis bull cult would lead the funeral of each sacred bull toward the Serapeum, where the mummified animals were buried underground in vast stone sarcophaguses.

A stone found nearby bears the name of Ptolemy V, a pharaoh of Greek origin who ruled Egypt between 205 and 180 BC.
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